Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Kernohan\u27s Notch in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Significance of Coronal Images for Preoperative Diagnosis

A 67-year-old man presented with headache and gait disturbance. On admission, he was mildly confused but aroused by verbal stimulus, with normal motor function. A CT scan showed bilateral subdural hematomas (right >> left) and a midline shift to the left. One hour after admission, he suddenly became somnolent and developed right hemiparesis. While repeated CT examinations failed to reveal new findings, coronal MRI clearly depicted the left cerebral peduncle pressed against the free edge of the tentorium. Craniotomy was immediately performed to remove the right chronic subdural hematoma. Soon after the operation, neurological functions were markedly improved. When paradoxical (ipsilateral to the lesion) motor deficit is observed in patients with head injuries, including cases of chronic subdural hematomas, coronal MR imaging and magnetic resonance angiography should be immediately performed to detect Kernohan\u27s notch and to rule out other possible complications, such as diffuse axonal injury or cerebral stroke

The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP survey: Overview and survey design

Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) is a wide-field imaging camera on the prime focus of the 8.2-m Subaru telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. A team of scientists from Japan, Taiwan, and Princeton University is using HSC to carry out a 300-night multi-band imaging survey of the high-latitude sky. The survey includes three layers: the Wide layer will cover 1400 deg2 in five broad bands (grizy), with a 5 σ point-source depth of r ≈ 26. The Deep layer covers a total of 26 deg2 in four fields, going roughly a magnitude fainter, while the UltraDeep layer goes almost a magnitude fainter still in two pointings of HSC (a total of 3.5 deg2). Here we describe the instrument, the science goals of the survey, and the survey strategy and data processing. This paper serves as an introduction to a special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, which includes a large number of technical and scientific papers describing results from the early phases of this survey

Potential of Gouda cheese whey to improve epidermal conditions by regulating proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes

Sweet whey is a by-product of rennet-type cheese and contains abundant physiologically active substances. In this study, we investigated the effects of sweet whey on keratinocytes in mouse back skins using the warm-bathing model and using human keratinocyte culture model. The low-molecular-mass fraction (less than 3 kDa) of the whey was used for human keratinocyte culture because hydrophilic low mass components can penetrate into the epidermis. The two experimental models revealed that whey treatment activated the proliferation of keratinocytes. Whey treatment also up-regulated the expression of CK10, a marker for differentiated keratinocytes. The expression of epidermal tight junction proteins and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) was also activated by whey treatment expression. Whey contains abundant lactose and calcium. However, neither lactose nor calcium affected proliferation activity and AQP3 expression in cultured keratinocytes. These findings suggest that cheese whey may have potential as a cosmetic ingredient to improve epidermal conditions

Priority stratification for colonoscopy based on two-sample faecal immunochemical test screening: results from a cross-sectional study at an endoscopy clinic in Japan

Objectives Little has been reported on the yield and characteristics of colorectal neoplasia detected by the two-sample faecal immunochemical test (FIT), particularly the difference between subjects with two-positive results on the two-sample FIT and those with one-positive results. We aimed to assess risk stratification among patients with positive two-sample FIT to prioritise colonoscopy.Design A retrospective cross-sectional study.Setting A single-centre, representative endoscopy clinic in Japan.Participants Consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled. Indications for colonoscopy included two-positive results on the two-sample FIT (FIT (+/+)), one-positive results on the two-sample FIT (FIT (+/−)), and other reasons (non-FIT group, including presence of symptoms, screening or surveillance).Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes were detection rates of colorectal cancers, including in situ (all cancers) and invasive cancers, based on the indications for colonoscopy. Secondary outcomes were cancer features, such as location, size, T stage and histological subtype.Results Of the 8724 patients, 264 underwent colonoscopy following FIT (+/+), 1018 following FIT (+/−) and 7442 for reasons other than positive FIT. Detection rates of all (and invasive) cancers in the FIT (+/+), FIT (+/−) and non-FIT groups were 12.1% (8.3%), 1.9% (0.3%) and 0.4% (0.2%), respectively. The cancer detection rates were much higher in the FIT (+/+) group than in the FIT (+/−) group, which in turn had higher rates than the non-FIT group. Moreover, the FIT (+/+) group showed more advanced T stages on tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) classification (Tis/T1/T2/T3/T4: 10/7/4/10/1) than the FIT (+/−) group (16/1/2/0/0, p<0.001).Conclusions Two-positive results for two-sample FIT showed a much higher yield for more advanced colorectal cancers than the one-positive result. High priority for diagnostic colonoscopy should be assigned to patients with two-positive-FIT results