The effect of different commercial yeasts on the aroma components of wine obtained from öküzgözü grape variety

Bu çalışmada aroma maddeleri üzerine ticari mayanın etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, ülkemizin en önemli kırmızı şaraplık üzüm çeşitlerinden biri olan Öküzgözü üzümünden spontan ve iki farklı ticari maya olmak üzere üç farklı yolla şarap üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aroma maddelerinin ekstraksiyonu sıvı-sıvı ve katı faz ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Şaraplardaki aroma maddelerinin miktarlarının hesaplanmasında ve tanımlanmasında GC-FID ve GC-MS teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Spontan fermantasyonla ve ticari maya ile elde edilen şaraplarda 62 adet aroma maddesi belirlenmiştir. Aroma maddelerinin toplam miktarı spontan şarapta 150749,4 µg/l, NBY17 mayası kullanılarak elde edilen şarapta 170681,6 µg/l ve X5 mayası kullanılarak elde edilen şarapta ise 162623,1µg/l'dir. Öküzgözü şarabında miktar olarak en fazla bulunan aroma maddeleri yüksek alkoller ve esterlerdir. Bu bileşiklerin, elde edilen şaraplardaki toplam aroma maddeleri miktarının % 88.9 ile % 90,1'ini oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. NBY17 ticari mayasının hoşa giden aromatik bileşiklerin oluşumuna son derece katkısı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu maya ile daha aromatik şaraplar elde edileceği düşünülmektedir.Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi NEÜBAP16F22 nolu proj

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-{[(E)-(3-cyclo butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)imino] meth yl}phenol

The title compound, C13H14N4O, was developed using the reaction of salicyl aldehyde and 3-amino-5-cyclo butyl-1,2,4-triazole in ethanol under microwave irradiation. This eco-friendly microwave-promoted method proved to be efficient in the synthesis of 2-{[(E)-(3-cyclo butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)imino] meth yl}phenol in good yields and purity. The title compound is a Schiff base that exists in the phenol-imine tautomeric form and adopts an E configuration. The three independent mol ecules in the asymmetric unit (A, B and C) are not planar, the cyclo butyl and the phenol-imine rings are twisted to each other making a dihedral angle of 67.8 (4)° in mol ecule A, 69.1 (2)° in mol ecule B and 89.1 (2)° in mol ecule C. In each mol ecule an intra molecular O - H⋯N hydrogen bond is present, forming an S(6) ring motif. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed to investigate the contributions of the different inter molecular contacts within the supra molecular structure. The major inter actions are H⋯H (53%), C⋯H (19%) and N⋯H (17%) for mol ecule A, H⋯H (50%), N⋯H (20%) and C⋯H (20%) for mol ecule B and H⋯H (57%), C⋯H (14%) and N⋯H (13%) for mol ecule C

Investigation of factors predicting job satisfaction of school counsellors in Turkey

Job satisfaction can be defined as individuals' perceptions of satisfaction towards their profession. This concept is also considered to be important for the school counselling profession because school counsellors’ high level of job satisfaction is assumed to have positive effects not only on them but also on their students and accordingly on the education system. Therefore, it is thought that it is important to examine the factors that predict job satisfaction of school counsellors. For this purpose, this study was conducted on 194 (female=145 and male=49) school counsellors in Turkey. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a significant positive relationship between school counsellors’ job satisfaction and professional self-esteem. In addition, job satisfaction of school counsellors working in the private sector was found to be higher than those working in the public sector. It was found that job satisfaction of school counsellors did not differ significantly according to gender, age and school level variables

Automatic Detection of Optic Disc in Retinal Image by Using Keypoint Detection, Texture Analysis, and Visual Dictionary Techniques

With the advances in the computer field, methods and techniques in automatic image processing and analysis provide the opportunity to detect automatically the change and degeneration in retinal images. Localization of the optic disc is extremely important for determining the hard exudate lesions or neovascularization, which is the later phase of diabetic retinopathy, in computer aided eye disease diagnosis systems. Whereas optic disc detection is fairly an easy process in normal retinal images, detecting this region in the retinal image which is diabetic retinopathy disease may be difficult. Sometimes information related to optic disc and hard exudate information may be the same in terms of machine learning. We presented a novel approach for efficient and accurate localization of optic disc in retinal images having noise and other lesions. This approach is comprised of five main steps which are image processing, keypoint extraction, texture analysis, visual dictionary, and classifier techniques. We tested our proposed technique on 3 public datasets and obtained quantitative results. Experimental results show that an average optic disc detection accuracy of 94.38%, 95.00%, and 90.00% is achieved, respectively, on the following public datasets: DIARETDB1, DRIVE, and ROC

The volatility of employees’ psychological capital sub-dimensions with demographic features

Psikolojik sermaye örgütsel davranış alanında son yıllarda üzerinde önemli çalışmaların yapıldığı bir konu olmuştur. Literatürde umut, iyimserlik, dayanıklılık ve öz-yeterlilik boyutları ile incelenen psikolojik sermaye konusu bu çalışmada da aynı boyutlarla incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı çalışanların psikolojik sermaye alt boyutları olan öz-yeterlilik, umut, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve iyimserlik boyutları ile demografik özelliklerden cinsiyet, yaş ve çalışma süresi arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Bu maksatla oluşturulan anket formları savunma sanayinde faaliyet gösteren örgütlerdeki 311 çalışana uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket programları vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik analizleri, gruplar arası farklılıklar ve karşılaştırma testleri ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ve hipotez testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre çalışanların psikolojik sermaye alt boyutları (öz yeterlilik, umut, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve iyimserlik); yaş ve kurumdaki çalışma süresi bağlamında değiştiği, cinsiyet bağlamında değişmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Psychological capital subject is an important area in the field of organizational behavior in which crucial works has been carried out recently. The psychological capital subject analyzed with hope, optimism, endurance and self-efficacy dimensions in literature has been analyzed with the same dimensions in this study too. The aim of the study is to define the relations between the subdimensions of the psychological capital; self-efficacy, hope, psychological endurance and optimism and the demographic features of gender, age, and working hours. The questionnaire forms which has been prepared with this aim have been applied to 311 employees working in the operations in the field of defense industry. Data has been analyzed with SPSS and AMOS programs. In the analysis, descriptive statistics, effective and reliability analysis, differences among the groups, comparison test, structural equation modeling, and hypothesis test have been applied. According to the analysis results it is found out that the psychological capital subdimensions of the employees (self-efficacy, hope, psychological endurance and optimism) are changed in the context of age and the working hours in the organization and do not change in the context of gender

Larvicidal activities of some bark and wood extracts against wood-damaging insects

This study investigates the larvicidal activities of plant extracts and tannins against wood-damaging insects. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), beech (Fagus orientalis), and poplar wood (Populus tremula) were subjected to larvae of Spondylis buprestoides (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by impregnating them with mimosa (Acacia mollissima), quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) and redpine bark (Pinus brutia) extracts. At the end of the 6-month experiment, the numbers of dead and live larvae as well as the mean mass losses of woods were determined. In terms of wood species, the lowest larva resistance was observed in Scots pine wood, while the highest larva resistance was achieved by beech wood. The lowest mass losses and the highest dead termite rates in all tree species were observed when the concentration of mimosa and quebracho extracts was 12%. On the other hand, the pine bark extract showed a lower larvicide effect than the other two extracts

The effect of diosmin on pancreatic injury induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion in rats

Abstract: Background: Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion causes histological injury to the pancreatic cells during transplantation, trauma and emergency surgery. We investigated the effects of diosmin, a phlebotrophic drug with antioxidant and antiinfl ammatory effects, on pancreatic injury in the experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion model. Materials and methods: Forty rats were divided into the four groups: sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), peroperative diosmin (50 mg/kg) treatment (Group 3) and preoperative 10-day diosmin (50 mg/kg) treatment group (Group 4). Ischemia-reperfusion model was carried out by clamping the hepatic pedicle for 60 min and then reperfusing the liver for 90 min. At the end of the procedures, blood and pancreas tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological assessment. Results: According to the results of liver function tests, amylase and the plasma and pancreatic tissue oxidative stress parameters, there was a signifi cant difference between the control and other groups. Histopathologically; the specimens of the Group 2 showed specifi c morphological abnormalities. The groups 3 and 4 showed the pancreas histomorphology similar to the sham group. Pathological scores were signifi cantly different between the Group 2 and other groups. Conclusions: Diosmin can be administered for a protection of destructive effects of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury on pancreas both emergent and elective hepatic surgical operations in which possible ischemic periods were expecte

Determination of Flower Characteristics of Some Kiwifruit Genotypes (Actinidia Spp.) Obtained with Breeding Program

All Actinidia species are dioecious, male and female flowers grow on separate kiwifruit plants. In breeding studies, it is generally desirable to obtain female individuals. However, male plants are also of great importance for pollination. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the flower characteristics of the genotypes obtained by breeding studies. This research was conducted in the kiwifruit breeding plot of Yalova Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute for two years. Genotypes obtained from cultivars belonging to Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia chinensis were used in the research. At the time of flowering, phenological observations of male and female genotypes, which are prominent in the population, have been made and the developmental stages of the flowers have been determined. At least 10 flowers of each genotype were used to determine the morphological characteristics.Number of leaves, number of petals, number of male organs, number of filaments, number of female organs, number of female organs and number of stylus were examined in order to determine flower characteristics. When the data obtained as a result of two years are evaluated; significant differences have been obtained particularly in terms of flowering time, flowering period, the number of stylus, the filament size, the number of female organs and the number of male organs. Female cultivars/genotypes tend to flowering later than male cultivars/genotypes, and female cultivars/genotypes have shorter filament length than male cultivars/genotypes. It has also been clearly observed that ovaries are not functional in male types

Effects of Storage Temperature and Time on Stability of Serum Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Levels in Whole Blood by LC-MS/MS

Tacrolimus and cyclosporine A are immunosuppressant drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of tacrolimus and cyclosporin A levels in whole blood samples under different storage conditions. Whole blood samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving tacrolimus and 15 patients receiving cyclosporine A. Samples were immediately analyzed and then stored at different conditions (room temperature (24°C−26°C) for 24 hours, +4°C for 24 and 48 hours, and −20°C for one month) and then analyzed again. For tacrolimus, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P=0.005) (percent change 32.89%). However, there were no significant differences between the other groups. For cyclosporine A, there was a significant difference between samples analyzed immediately and those kept 24 hours (P=0.003) (percent change 19.47%) and 48 hours (P=0.002) (percent change 15.38%) at +4°C and those kept 24 hours at room temperature (P=0.011) (percent change 9.71%). Samples of tacrolimus should be analyzed immediately or stored at either +4°C or −20°C, while samples of cyclosporine A should be analyzed immediately or stored at −20°C

Changes of various quality characteristics and aroma compounds of astragalus honey obtained from different altitudes of Adana-Turkey

In this study, the effects of different altitudes on the physicochemical properties and aroma compounds of astragalus honey were investigated. As the altitude increased, the moisture content of honey samples decreased. Similarly, as the altitude increased, the acidity and the diastase activity of samples increased. Aroma compounds were identified and quantified using the GC-MS-FID. It was determined that with the increasing altitude, the total amount of the alcohol compounds decreased, and the total amount of the lactone compounds and the norisoprenoid compounds increased with the decreasing altitude. Moreover, 11 different aroma compounds with an odor activity value above one were detected. From these compounds, Limonene, (E)-Linalool oxide, (Z)-Linalool oxide, and acetic acid were determined as the powerful odor active compounds in all of the honey samples. The first data on the change of aroma compounds in honey with the effect of altitude were obtained through this study.The authors thank Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Rectorate for their laboratory infrastructure support