Fabrication of Composite Laminates with Embedded Pizo-ceramic Sensors and Actuators

The purpose of the research project is to investigate the methods for embedding pizo-ceramic sensors and actuators in a composite ( a fiber reinforced epoxy matrix). The importance of these sensors and actuators is vital in controlling the vibration and excessive strain on a structure causing fatigue or failure. With the control of these instabilities by the actuator, proper performance of the structure is achieved. Most sensors and actuators are surface mounted because (1) The sensor can pick up the greatest strain on the surface of a structure. (2) The actuator can create a stronger moment to counter balance the strain when the actuator is further from the central axis of structure. The surface bonding of sensors and actuators work fine when testing in a lab, but when this technology is tested in the environment, the pizo-ceramics need to be protected from damage. This is why research in embedding sensors and actuators is important. The whole goal of the project is to embed the sensors and actuators as close to the surface of a composite structure as possible. This creates better sensing and dampening of strain and vibration while protecting the pizo-ceramic

A Proposed Program of Guidance for Martinsville Junior-Senior High School

No abstract provided by author

Leafhopper Response to Colored Lights

Author Institution: Ohio Experiment Statio

Response of European Corn Borer Moths to Colored Lights

Author Institution: Ohio Agricultural Experiment Statio

The consumption of protein-rich foods in older adults: An exploratory focus group study

Objective: Many older adults consume inadequate protein for their needs. This study explored the factors associated with the consumption of high-protein foods in older adults. Methods: Participants over the age of 65 years (n = 28) took part in 1 of 4 focus group discussions on meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, nuts, and pulses. Discussions were audio taped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Numerous and various reasons for the consumption and non-consumption of high-protein foods were reported. Many of these reasons result from reductions in chemosensory, dental and physical abilities, and changes in living situation in the older population, and have impact specifically on high-protein foods because of their often hard, perishable and need-to-be-cooked nature, and high cost. Conclusions and Implications: Further work is required to establish the importance of each of thesereasons in relation to protein intakes, to prioritize those of likely greatest impact for increasing intakes. © 2013 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior

Limited compensation at the following meal for protein and energy intake at a lunch meal in healthy free-living older adults.

Various interventions have previously been found to increase protein intakes in older adults, but in free-living individuals, compensation for increased intakes at one meal may easily negate these effects resulting in limited long term benefit. This study investigated the impact of adding sauce to an older person's lunch meal on intakes at that meal, at the following meal and overall (lunch + evening meal). Using a repeated measures design, 52 participants consumed both a lunch meal with sauce and the same lunch meal without sauce on two separate occasions, and intake at this meal and at the following meal were measured. In all participants analysed together, the addition of sauce resulted in increased protein intakes at the lunch meal. Individual differences were also found, where for some individuals (n = 26), the addition of sauce resulted in significantly higher protein and energy intakes at the lunch meal (12.3 g protein, 381 kJ) and overall (11 g protein, 420 kJ), compared to the no-sauce condition, while for some individuals (n = 19), the sauce manipulation resulted in lower protein and energy intakes (lunch: 7 g protein, 297 kJ; overall: 7 g protein, 350 kJ). Compensation for earlier intakes was low (0-17%) for both groups. These findings demonstrate the possible value of adding sauce to an older person's meal for increasing intakes, and demonstrate a need for attention to individual differences. This study also confirms previous findings of limited compensation in older adults, but extends earlier studies to demonstrate limited compensation for the protein consumed in a complete meal in healthy older adults

Ultrafast Vibrational Spectroscopy of Carbon Dioxide in Polymers and Ionic Liquid-Polymer Composite Materials

Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy enables measurement of frequency dynamics and inter- and intramolecular kinetics which report motions on femto- to picosecond timescales, and angstrom length scales. These measurements are used herein to investigate carbon dioxide's interaction with ionic liquids, polymers and ionic liquid-polymer composite materials. These systems are of interest for carbon capture and storage utility, an important step of curbing greenhouse gas emissions. In an investigation of carbon dioxide in a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate gel an unexpected hot ground state is reproducibly measured, and the model used to describe the intramolecular landscape of carbon dioxide is expanded as a result. Polarization-controlled ultrafast experiments are used to measure anisotropy and investigate the two-dimensional frequency dependence in a representative composite material. Spectra are taken of carbon dioxide in a pair of structurally isomeric, high molecular weight polymers. Poly(vinyl acetate) and Poly(methyl acrylate) show different cloud point behavior despite being nearly identical. While their frequency fluctuation dynamics were not meaningfully different, their intramolecular kinetics were distinctly different, lending weight to direct interaction with the polymer side chains as the cause of different cloud point behavior. Finally, carbon dioxide in a volume percent series of ion gels is measured. These show a nonlinear, non-monotonic relationship between the timescales of structural reorganization and the percent by volume ionic liquid. A three-regime, core-shell-matrix type model is proposed and suggested as an explanation for this odd behavior, which reproduces the pattern of the data well. This work offers a perspective on the question of carbon dioxide's interaction with carbon capture media, and identifies important intra- and intermolecular processes that may govern this relationship. The work herein lays groundwork for further studies of ultrafast two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy in composites, gels, polymers, and other solid materials, along with expanding the analytical tools to understand these interactions