Les Goitres Bénins En ORL Aspects Epidemiologiques Et Anatomocliniques : Étude De 97 Cas

But : Analyse épidémiologique, clinique et anatomopathologique des goitres bénins. Méthodologie : Etude rétrospective de janvier 2002 à décembre 2006 sur dossier de patients ayant consulté en ORL pour goitre. Les paramètres suivant ont été étudiés : - interrogatoire : âge, sexe, profession, résidence, ancienneté du goitre, motif de consultation ; - examen clinique précisant résultats palpation, classification OMS de 1962 du goitre ; - résultats de l\'échographie ; - résultats du dosage de la TSH ultrasensible. Ont été exclus tous les dossiers comportant une histologie suspecte et/ou maligne et les inflammations de la thyroïde. Ainsi a-t-on retenu 97 dossiers sur 122. Résultats : Notre recrutement a été marqué par une forte proportion d\'adulte jeune (classe d\'âge de 31 à 50 ans : 78 patients) et par une prédominance féminine (sex-ratio, 17/80). Ces patients étaient plus souvent des femmes au foyer et résidaient le plus souvent à Bamako. Ils étaient porteurs à 52% de goitre évoluant depuis plus de vingt ans et à 44% de plus de dix ans d\'évolution. Deux signes principaux ont amenés les patients à consulter : les signes d\'hyperthyroïdie et la tuméfaction cervicale disgracieuse. Le goitre était de type 3 de l\'OMS dans 68% des cas. Un aspect multi nodulaire clinique a été vu chez 81 patients. A l\'imagerie, nous avons noté 10% de goitre isoéchogène. L\'examen anatomopathologie a plus souvent trouvé des goitres de type macro folliculaire sur les pièces d\'exérèse. Ils étaient dans 20% des cas des goitres en activité. Conclusion : Le praticien ORL en pays d\'endémie goitreuse se doit de connaître tous les contours de la pathologie thyroïdienne. Il ne doit jamais oublier non plus que la prise en charge efficiente doit être multidisciplinaire (Endocrinologue, Radiologue, Anatomopathologiste, Anesthésiste Réanimateur). Patients and methods : retrospective study of 97 cases traeted from January 2002 to December 2006. Were excluded malignant and inflammatory thyroid deseases. Results: Our patients were essentially young adults (from 31 to 50 years: 78 patients) . We noted a female prevalence (sex-ratio: 17/80) 52% had more than twenty years evolution goiter and 44% more than ten years evolution. Two principal symptoms led the patients to consult: those of hyperthyroidy and cervical swelling. The goiter was classified as type 3 of WHO in 68% of the cases. A multi nodular aspect was found among 81 patients. We noted 10% of isoechogene goiter. The treatment was surgery The histological examination found macrofollicular goiter in the majority of cases. Keywords: Thyroïd gland, goiter bénign, cervical swelling. Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 18 2007: pp. 16-1

Surgical intervention on uterine fibromyoma in a country with limited resources: case of the gynaecology-obstetrics department of the Communal Medical Centre of Ratoma Conakry - Guinea

Background: In developing countries, treatment of uterine fibromyoma is confronted with numerous problems, namely: financial inaccessibility to the proposed treatments, fear of surgery and the weakness of the technical platform. The objectives of the study were to calculate the frequency of uterine fibromyomas, describe the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, identify the main clinical data and to describe the modalities of surgical management.Methods: It was a mixed descriptive study, cumulative over a period of 5 years (60 months) with data collection in two phases: a 4-year retrospective study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 and a 1-year prospective study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.Results: Authors collected 135 cases of uterine fibromyomas operated on out of a total of 260 cases of gynaecological pathologies, i.e. a frequency of 51.92%. Nulliparous women were the most concerned (45.18%), and women who attended school (60%) and those who did not attend school (40%). Women at home and housewives accounted for 42.20% and 54.07% respectively. Clinically, the circumstances of discovery were dominated by menometrorrhagia and menorrhagia respectively 77.77% and 68.14%. The large uterus was the most frequent physical sign found in 96.29% of cases. Uterine fibromyomas were recorded in 86.6% of cases in women with genital activity. The operative indications were dominated by the large polymyomatous uterus (64.44%), followed by hemorrhagic fibroma (18.52%) The surgical treatment was conservative in 92.60%. The total hysterectomy was performed in 7.40. Lethality was 1.4%.Conclusions: The surgical management of fibroids contrasts conservative treatment (myomectomy) with radical treatment (hysterectomy) with multiple possible approaches (hysteroscopy, vaginal surgery, laparoscopy or laparotomy). In this context, only laparotomy was possible due to lack of equipment. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy equipment are necessary for less invasive surgery

Construction of multi-layered white emitting organic nanoparticles by clicking polymers

A series of blue, green and red emitting polymers that are appropriately functionalized with alkyne and azide functional groups have been prepared and clicked together to construct bi-layered and tri-layered white emitting core-shell type nanoparticles. Here the use of these organic hetero-nanoparticles as colour converters to realize a white light-emitting diode platform acquiring a colour quality comparable to the existing phosphor-based ones was also demonstrated. © The Royal Society of Chemistry

Upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134

The first science run of the LIGO and GEO gravitational wave detectors presented the opportunity to test methods of searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars. Here we present new direct upper limits on the strength of waves from the pulsar PSR J1939+2134 using two independent analysis methods, one in the frequency domain using frequentist statistics and one in the time domain using Bayesian inference. Both methods show that the strain amplitude at Earth from this pulsar is less than a few times $10^{-22}$.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the 5th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, Tirrenia, Pisa, Italy, 6-11 July 200

Improving the sensitivity to gravitational-wave sources by modifying the input-output optics of advanced interferometers

We study frequency dependent (FD) input-output schemes for signal-recycling interferometers, the baseline design of Advanced LIGO and the current configuration of GEO 600. Complementary to a recent proposal by Harms et al. to use FD input squeezing and ordinary homodyne detection, we explore a scheme which uses ordinary squeezed vacuum, but FD readout. Both schemes, which are sub-optimal among all possible input-output schemes, provide a global noise suppression by the power squeeze factor, while being realizable by using detuned Fabry-Perot cavities as input/output filters. At high frequencies, the two schemes are shown to be equivalent, while at low frequencies our scheme gives better performance than that of Harms et al., and is nearly fully optimal. We then study the sensitivity improvement achievable by these schemes in Advanced LIGO era (with 30-m filter cavities and current estimates of filter-mirror losses and thermal noise), for neutron star binary inspirals, and for narrowband GW sources such as low-mass X-ray binaries and known radio pulsars. Optical losses are shown to be a major obstacle for the actual implementation of these techniques in Advanced LIGO. On time scales of third-generation interferometers, like EURO/LIGO-III (~2012), with kilometer-scale filter cavities, a signal-recycling interferometer with the FD readout scheme explored in this paper can have performances comparable to existing proposals. [abridged]Comment: Figs. 9 and 12 corrected; Appendix added for narrowband data analysi

Search for gravitational wave bursts in LIGO's third science run

We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts in data from the three LIGO interferometric detectors during their third science run. The search targets subsecond bursts in the frequency range 100-1100 Hz for which no waveform model is assumed, and has a sensitivity in terms of the root-sum-square (rss) strain amplitude of hrss ~ 10^{-20} / sqrt(Hz). No gravitational wave signals were detected in the 8 days of analyzed data.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Amaldi-6 conference proceedings to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Searching for a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves with LIGO

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this science run, we place a limit on the amplitude of a stochastic background of gravitational waves. For a frequency independent spectrum, the new limit is $\Omega_{\rm GW} < 6.5 \times 10^{-5}$. This is currently the most sensitive result in the frequency range 51-150 Hz, with a factor of 13 improvement over the previous LIGO result. We discuss complementarity of the new result with other constraints on a stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we investigate implications of the new result for different models of this background.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure

Quantum state preparation and macroscopic entanglement in gravitational-wave detectors

Long-baseline laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detectors are operating at a factor of 10 (in amplitude) above the standard quantum limit (SQL) within a broad frequency band. Such a low classical noise budget has already allowed the creation of a controlled 2.7 kg macroscopic oscillator with an effective eigenfrequency of 150 Hz and an occupation number of 200. This result, along with the prospect for further improvements, heralds the new possibility of experimentally probing macroscopic quantum mechanics (MQM) - quantum mechanical behavior of objects in the realm of everyday experience - using gravitational-wave detectors. In this paper, we provide the mathematical foundation for the first step of a MQM experiment: the preparation of a macroscopic test mass into a nearly minimum-Heisenberg-limited Gaussian quantum state, which is possible if the interferometer's classical noise beats the SQL in a broad frequency band. Our formalism, based on Wiener filtering, allows a straightforward conversion from the classical noise budget of a laser interferometer, in terms of noise spectra, into the strategy for quantum state preparation, and the quality of the prepared state. Using this formalism, we consider how Gaussian entanglement can be built among two macroscopic test masses, and the performance of the planned Advanced LIGO interferometers in quantum-state preparation