8 research outputs found
Global geographic distribution and host range of Dothistroma species: a comprehensive review
Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is one of the most important diseases of pine. Although its notoriety stems from Southern Hemisphere epidemics in Pinus radiata plantations, the disease has increased in prevalence and severity in areas of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, during the last two decades. This increase has largely been attributed to expanded planting of susceptible hosts, anthropogenic dispersal of the causative pathogens and changes in climate conducive to disease development. The last comprehensive review of DNB was published in 2004, with updates on geographic distribution and host species in 2009. Importantly, the recognition that two species, Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini, cause DNB emerged only relatively recently in 2004. These two species are morphologically very similar, and DNA- based techniques are needed to distinguish between them. Consequently, many records of host species affected or geographic location of DNB prior to 2004 are inconclusive or even misleading. The objectives of this review were (i) to provide a new database in which detailed records of DNB from 62 countries are collated; (ii) to chart the current global distribution of D. septosporum and D. pini; (iii) to list all known host species and to consider their susceptibility globally; (iv) to collate the published results of provenance trials; and (v) to consider the effects of site factors on disease incidence and severity. The review shows that DNB occurs in 76 countries, with D. septosporum confirmed to occur in 44 and D. pini in 13. There are now 109 documented Pinaceae host taxa for Dothistroma species, spanning six genera (Abies, Cedrus, Larix, Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga), with Pinus being the dominant host genus, accounting for 95 host taxa. The relative susceptibilities of these hosts to Dothistroma species are reported, providing a resource to inform species choice in forest planting. Country records show that most DNB outbreaks in Europe occur on Pinus nigra and its subspecies. It is anticipated that the collaborative work described in this review will both underpin a broader global research strategy to manage DNB in the future and provide a model for the study of other forest pathogens
Botryosphaeriaceae associated with the die-back of ornamental trees in the Western Balkans
Extensive die-back andmortality of various
ornamental trees and shrubs has been observed in parts
of the Western Balkans region during the past decade.
The disease symptomshave been typical of those caused
by pathogens residing in the Botryosphaeriaceae. The
aims of this study were to isolate and characterize
Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with diseased
ornamental trees in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Isolates were initially characterized based
on the DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed
spacer rDNA and six major clades were identified.
Representative isolates from each clade were further
characterized using DNA sequence data for the translation
elongation factor 1-alpha, b-tubulin-2 and large
subunit rRNA gene regions, as well as the morphology of the asexualmorphs.Ten species of theBotryosphaeriaceae
were identified of which eight, i.e., Dothiorella
sarmentorum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Botryosphaeria
dothidea, Phaeobotryon cupressi, Sphaeropsis visci,
Diplodia seriata, D. sapinea and D. mutila were known
taxa. The remaining two species could be identified only
as Dothiorella spp. Dichomera syn-asexual morphs of
D. sapinea, Dothiorella sp. 2 and B. dothidea, aswell as
unique morphological characters for a number of the
known species are described. Based on host plants and
geographic distribution, the majority of Botryosphaeriaceae
species found represent new records. The results
of this study contribute to our knowledge of the
distribution, host associations and impacts of these
fungi on trees in urban environments.Tree Protection Co-operative Programme (TPCP), the University of Pretoria (South Africa) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Republic of Serbia (TR37008).http://link.springer.com/journal/104822017-04-30hb2016Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog
Notes for genera – Ascomycota
Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10--15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of `Ainsworth Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the ``Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi'' published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. De Not. (Art. 59)