Chatbot in E-learning

In many modern apps, especially those that provide the user intelligence help, the usage of chatbots is quite common. In reality, these systems frequently have chatbots that can read user inquiries and give the appropriate replies quickly and accurately in order to speed up the support. This article describes the creation of a Chatbot prototype for the educational sector. A system for offering assistance to university students in certain courses has been established. The first goal was on the creation of the particular architecture, model to handle communication, and supply the learner with the correct answers. A system that can recognize questions and provide answers to students by utilizing natural language processing methods has been developed to achieve this goal. After the developed model was put into use, an experimental campaign was run to show how effective and enforceable it was

Systematic Development of Short-Term Load Forecasting Models for the Electric Power Utilities:The Case of Pakistan

Load forecasts are fundamental inputs for the reliable and resilient operation of a power system. Globally, researchers endeavor to improve the accuracy of their forecast models. However, lack of studies detailing standardized model development procedures remains a major issue. In this regard, this study advances the knowledge of the systematic development of short-Term load forecast (STLF) models for electric power utilities. The proposed model has been developed by using hourly load (time series) of five years of an electric power utility in Pakistan. Following the investigation of previously developed load forecast models, this study addresses the challenges of STLF by utilizing multiple linear regression, bootstrap aggregated decision trees, and artificial neural networks (ANNs) as mutually competitive forecasting techniques. The study also highlights both rudimentary and advanced elements of data extraction, synthetic weather station development, and the use of elastic nets for feature space development to upscale its reproducibility at global level. Simulations showed the superior forecasting prowess of ANNs over other techniques in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and R2 score. Furthermore, an empirical approach has been taken to underline the effects of data recency, climatic events, power cuts, human activities, and public holidays on the model's overall performance. Further analysis of the results showed how climatic variations, causing floods and heavy rainfalls, could prove detrimental for a utility's ability to forecast its load demand in future

Techno-Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Farms Integration in Weak Transmission Grid from Mid-Career Repowering Perspective

Repowering a wind farm enhances its ability to generate electricity, allowing it to better utilize areas with high mean wind speeds. Pakistan’s present energy dilemma is a serious impediment to its economic development. The usage of a diesel generator as a dependable backup power source raises the cost of energy per kWh and increases environmental emissions. To minimize environmental emissions, grid-connected wind farms enhance the percentage of wind energy in the electricity system. These wind generators’ effects, on the other hand, are augmented by the absorption of greater quantities of reactive electricity from the grid. According to respective grid codes, integration of commercial onshore Large-Scale Wind Farms (LSWF) into a national grid is fraught with technical problems and inter-farm wake effects, which primarily ensure power quality while degrading overall system operation and limiting the optimal use of attainable wind resources. The goal of this study is to examine and estimate the techno-economic influence of large-scale wind farms linked to poor transmission systems in Pakistan, contemplating the inter-farm wake effect and reactive power diminution and compensating using a range of voltage-ampere reactive (VAR) devices. This study presents a partial repowering technique to address active power deficits produced by the wake effect by raising hub height by 20 m, which contributed to recovering the active power deficit to 48% and so reduced the effects of upstream wind farms. Simulations were conducted for several scenarios on an actual test system modeled in MATLAB for comparative study using capacitor banks and different flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices. Using the SAM (System Advisor Model) and RETscreen, a complete technical, economic, and environmental study was done based on energy fed into the grid, payback time, net present value (NPV), and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission reduction. The studies suggest that the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the optimum compensating device via comparison analysis as it improved the power handling capabilities of the power system. Our best-case scenario includes UPFC with hub height augmentation, demonstrating that it is technically, fiscally, and environmentally viable. Over the course of its lifespan, the planned system has the potential to save 1,011,957 tCO2, resulting in a greener environment. When the energy generated annually by a current wake-affected system is compared to our best-recommended scenario, a recovered shortfall of 4.851% is seen, with improved system stability. This modest investment in repowering boosts energy production due to wake effects, resulting in increased NPV, revenue, and fewer CO2 footprints

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124. Findings: Between July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98). Interpretation: We found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial

Estimating the Effects of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis

This paper is an effort to inspect the reverberations of fiscal policy on economic growth in short along with long run. To fulfill this purpose, annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2014 is employed. At first, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test is used to check stationarity of data. The results of ADF test denote that growth rate of gross domestic product, total government revenues, total government expenditures, fiscal deficit, physical capital, and labor force participation rate are stationary at first difference, I(1). Secondly, we deploy Johansen-Juselius co-integration test to examine long run association of fiscal policy and economic growth. The results of this test reveal long run association of fiscal policy and economic growth. Finally, we treat variables by using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine short run dynamics as well as long run causal relationships. The results of this model indicate long run causal association of fiscal policy and economic expansion

Tetracyanoborate anion-based ionic liquid for natural gas sweetening and DMR-LNG process: Energy, exergy, environment, exergo-environment, and economic perspectives

In this study, less viscous 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate is used to capture CO2 from the natural gas. The obtained sweet gas was liquefied through dual mixed refrigerant technology. Energy, exergy, environment, exergo-environment, and economic analysis were performed to estimate the feasibility of the process. Energy of CO2 capture process was optimized through artificial neural network using feed forward model of 2*10*3 structural design. The results revealed that the carbon capture process provides 82.1 % of exergy efficiency while MEA-based process has 58 %. The NG liquefaction process was optimized based on three case studies using 3, 4, and 5 combinations of mixed refrigerants (MRs) to minimize the specific energy con-sumption (SEC). The results indicated that the combination of 5 MRs provide a least SEC of 9.6 kW/kmol of LNG. Furthermore, proposed process shows less specific CO2 emissions of 0.91 kg of CO2/kmol with a carbon capture rate of >= 99 %. Exergo-environment analysis reveals that the proposed process is an environmentally benign process in terms of environmental effectiveness and exergy stability factors. Economic analysis of this process provides total cost savings of 62.7 %, 55.37 %, and 52.77 % relative to MEA in combination of 3, 4 and 5 MRs, respectively

Chatbot in E-learning

In many modern apps, especially those that provide the user intelligence help, the usage of chatbots is quite common. In reality, these systems frequently have chatbots that can read user inquiries and give the appropriate replies quickly and accurately in order to speed up the support. This article describes the creation of a Chatbot prototype for the educational sector. A system for offering assistance to university students in certain courses has been established. The first goal was on the creation of the particular architecture, model to handle communication, and supply the learner with the correct answers. A system that can recognize questions and provide answers to students by utilizing natural language processing methods has been developed to achieve this goal. After the developed model was put into use, an experimental campaign was run to show how effective and enforceable it was