57 research outputs found

    Randqualität unterschiedlicher Füllungsmaterialien bei Klasse-II-Kavitäten in vitro

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    Ziel der Studie: Das Ziel dieser In-vitro geführten Studie war es die Randqualität unterschiedlicher Füllungsmaterialien (Komposit, Bulk-Fill und Glasionomerzement) im Schmelz und Dentin in Klasse-II-Kavitäten nach thermomechanischer Belastung unter dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop zu untersuchen. Zudem wurde auch der Einfluss der Inkrementschichtstärke, als auch die Kombination aus einem Bulk-Fill-Komposit mit einem Universalkomposit auf den Haftverbund untersucht. Aus den resultierenden Ergebnissen sollen Rückschlüsse gezogen werden, welche der untersuchten Gruppen die geringsten Randspalten aufweisen. Material und Methode: Unter standardisierten Bedingungen wurden 48 humane und kariesfreie extrahierte Molaren in 6 Gruppen (n=8) eingeteilt. In alle Proben wurde eine Klasse-II-Kavität angelegt. Die Vorbehandlung aller Kavitäten erfolgte gemäß Herstellerangaben und beinhaltete die Schmelz- und Dentinätzung mittels 36%iger Phosphorsäure, sowie die Verwendung des Adhäsivsystems Syntac® Classic. Im Anschluss erfolgte die Füllung der Proben mit den verschiedenen Füllungsmaterialien anhand der Gruppeneinteilung. Die Gruppeneinteilung sah folgendermaßen aus: Venus® Diamond 1 mm horizontale Schichtung (Gruppe 1), Venus® Diamond 2 mm horizontale Schichtung (Gruppe 2), SDR™ 4 mm horizontale Schichtung mit Venus® Diamond als Deckschicht (Gruppe 3), CLEARFIL MAJESTY™ ES Flow High in einer Schicht (Gruppe 4), Ketac™ Fil Plus in einer Schicht (Gruppe 5) und Photac™ Fil Quick in einer Schicht (Gruppe 6). Um In-vivo Bedingungen zu simulieren wurden alle Proben mittels thermomechanischer Belastung einer künstlichen Alterung unterzogen. Die thermische Wechselbelastung (5°C/55°C) erfolgte im Thermocycler bei 2500 Zyklen und die mechanische Belastung im Kausimulator (50 N/0,5 Hz) bei 100.000 Zyklen. Eine Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung gliederte sich sowohl vor, als auch nach thermomechanischer Belastung an, um eine Auswertung der Probenzähne bezüglich der Randspalten vornehmen zu können. Zur Überprüfung der Randqualität wurden Detailaufnahmen in 200-facher Vergrößerung aufgenommen. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse vor thermomechanischer Belastung zeigen eine Haftqualität im Schmelz für die Gruppen 1-4 von 100 %, sowie im Dentin für die Gruppen 1-5 von 100 % und somit keinen Randspalt. Eine statistisch signifikant schlechtere Haftung im Schmelz zeigen die Glasionomerzemente in Gruppe 5 (92.3 %, p[0,05) und Gruppe 6 (85.2 %, p[0,05). Die signifikant schlechteste Haftung im Dentin vor thermomechanischer Belastung zeigt die Gruppe 6 (95.0 %, p[0,05). Nach thermomechanischer Belastung lassen sich in allen Gruppen, sowohl im Schmelz als auch im Dentin, eine Verminderung der Haftqualität nachweisen. Bezüglich der Schmelzhaftung erzielen die Gruppe 1 (89.3 %), Gruppe 2 (90.3 %) und Gruppe 3 (91.2 %) die signifikant besten Ergebnisse (alle p]0,05). Signifikant schlechter schneiden die Gruppe 4 (85.3 %, p[0,05), Gruppe 5 (78.3 %, p[0,05) und Gruppe 6 (73.4 %, p[0,05) ab. Die beste Dentinhaftung zeigt die Gruppe 3 (62.1 %) und Gruppe 1 (59.3 %, p]0,05). Die Gruppe 2 (57.2 %), Gruppe 5 (56.0 %) und Gruppe 6 (54.9 %) zeigen zwar im Vergleich zur Gruppe 3 ein signifikant schlechteres Randspaltverhalten (alle p[0,05), unterscheiden sich jedoch nicht signifikant zur Gruppe 1 (alle p]0,05). Das verwendete Füllungsmaterial in Gruppe 4 (49.3 %, p[0,05) zeigte dabei den signifikant höchsten Haftverlust im Dentin. Schlussfolgerung: Die Kombination aus dem Bulk-Fill-Komposit SDR in 4 mm Schichtung und dem Nanohybridkomposit Venus Diamond als Deckschicht, als auch die alleinige Verwendung von Venus Diamond in einer 1 mm Schichtung, zeigten die besten Ergebnisse und die geringsten Randspalten in Klasse-II-Kavitäten. Zudem konnte gezeigt werden, dass mit zunehmender Inkrementschichtstärke, ein negativer Einfluss auf die Haftqualität von Kompositen genommen wird. Die Verwendung von CLEARFIL MAJESTY ES Flow High in der Bulk-Fill-Methode zeigte dabei den höchsten Verlust an Haftqualität im Dentin und versagte selbst im Vergleich zu den Glasionomerzementen. Die Füllung von Klasse-II-Kavitäten mit Kompositen sollte daher immer nach Herstellerangaben, sowie in kleinen Inkrementen und unter Berücksichtigung des C-Faktors erfolgen. Bei Beachtung dieser Empfehlung zeigen die Füllungsmaterialien aus Kompositen ein geringeres Auftreten von Randspalten in Klasse-II-Kavitäten, als Glasionomerzemente

    Optimization of pulsed ultrasound-assisted technique for extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peel of Malas variety: punicalagin and hydroxybenzoic acids

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    Pomegranate peel is a rich source of phenolic compounds (such as punicalagin and hydroxybenzoic acids). However, the content of such bioactive compounds in the peel extract can be affected by extraction type and condition. It was hypothesized that the optimization of a pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction (PUAE) technique could result in the pomegranate peel extract with higher yield and antioxidant activity. The main goal was to optimize PUAE condition resulting in the highest yield and antioxidant activity as well as the highest contents of punicalagin and hydroxybenzoic acids. The operation at the intensity level of 105 W/cm2 and duty cycle of 50% for a short time (10 min) had a high efficiency for extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peel. The application of such short extraction can save the energy and cost of the production. Punicalagin and ellagic acid were the most predominant phenolic compounds quantified in the pomegranate peel extract (PPE) from Malas variety. PPE contained a minor content of gallic acid

    Forage source (alfalfa hay vs wheat straw) and rumen undegradable to degradable protein ratio: Effects on growth performance, microbial protein yield, digestibility, blood metabolites, and behavior of Holstein dairy calves

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    Aim of the study: The effects of forage source (alfalfa hay; AH vs. wheat straw; WS) with rumen undegradable to degradable protein ratio [low ratio (LR) = 28:72; high ratio (HR) = 36:64] were evaluated in young dairy calves.Area of study: Arak, Iran.Material and methods: Forty-eight 3-d old female Holstein dairy calves (44.5 kg of BW) were allocated in four treatments: (1) AH with low dietary RUP:RDP ratio (AH-LR); (2) AH with high dietary RUP:RDP ratio (AH-HR); (3) WS with low dietary RUP:RDP ratio (WS-LR); and (4) WS with high dietary RUP:RDP ratio (WS-HR), being RDP and RUP rumen degradable and undegradable proteins, respectively. The calves weaned on d 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until d 73 of age.Main results: The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved in dairy calves receiving HR diets compared to LR diets during the post-weaning period (p<0.05). The fecal score (p=0.03) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p=0.04) were improved when calves fed WS diets compared to AH diets. Feeding HR diets increased allantoin (p=0.04) and microbial protein yield, and reduced blood urea nitrogen concentration (p=0.03) compared to LR diets. Assessing the interaction effects of the experimental factors resulted that the greatest BW, wither height, and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the lowest urinary N concentration were observed in the WS-HR treatment (p<0.05).Research highlights: Feeding WS with high RUP:RDP ratio is recommendable in dairy calves due to the improvement in gain and N efficiency

    Encapsulation properties, release behavior and physicochemical characteristics of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion stabilized with pectin–pea protein isolate conjugate and Tween 80

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    Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion is one of the most efficient drug delivery systems. In the double emulsion, the release of a target compound from one phase to another can be controlled by the emulsion composition, emulsification and preparation condition. Tween 80 is mainly used as a high HLB emulsifier; while it may cause many side effects on the human health. The main goal of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of a new hybrid polymer (pectin–pea protein isolate conjugate) as a potential alternative for Tween 80. In this study, the efficiency of different types and concentrations of hydrophilic emulsifier (i.e. Tween 80, native pectin and pectin–PPI conjugate) and hydrophobic emulsifier (i.e. PGPR) on the release behavior of Tartrazine as a marker and other characteristics of W1/O/W2 double emulsion were investigated. The double emulsion containing 2% pectin–PPI conjugate and 2% PGPR had proper encapsulation stability (37.05%). Conversely, the sample stabilized with Tween 80 (2%) and PGPR (either 2% or 5%) had relatively poor encapsulation stability after one-month storage (8.97% and 6.35%, respectively). In most cases, the double emulsion stabilized with pectin–PPI conjugate provided stronger encapsulation properties, smaller droplets, and higher zeta potential than other emulsions containing the native pectin and Tween 80. The current study reveals that the pectin-PPI conjugate (3:1) can be used a proper replacer for Tween 80 in stabilizing the double emulsion. The application of pectin–PPI conjugate in the double emulsion led to reduce the percentage of PGPR in the formulation, providing safer product

    A magnetorheological fluid damper for robust vibration control of flexible rotor-bearing systems: A comparison between sliding mode and fuzzy approaches

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    Squeeze Film Dampers (SFD) are commonly used for passive vibration control of rotor-bearing systems. The Magnetorheological (MR) and Electrorheological (ER) fluids in SFDs give a varying damping characteristic to the bearing that can provide active control schemes for the rotor-bearing system. A common way to model an MR bearing is implementing the Bingham plastic model. Adding this model to the finite element (F.E.) model of the rotor enables analyzing the rotor bearing behavior. In this work, considering uncertainties, three types of controllers are designed for a rotor-bearing system and the efficiency of using these controllers in attenuating the vibration amplitude of the system is studied. As a result, employing these controllers reveals a remarkable improvement in reducing the vibration amplitude of the shaft midpoint near the critical velocity

    Isolation and Identification of Free Living Amoeba from Patients and Contact Lens Users in Iran

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    Background: Free-living amoebae (FLA) such as Acanthamoeba spp., are considered as opportunistic and pathogenic protozoans. Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis (AGE) is a serious threat for immunodeficient patients and Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) for contact lens users. We aimed to identify the presence of free living amoebae in nasal swabs of patients and contact lens users in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: During 2019, 251 nasal and oral swabs (including the pharynx and mouth) were collected from patients with diabetes, AIDS and those under periodic dialysis in Qazvin, Iran. In addition, 27 soft contact lenses were collected from the participants. Following DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing were conducted to identify the genotypes of the amoeba. Phylogenetic analysis of the identified sequences was performed using MEGA 7 software. Results: A strain of Acanthamoeba belonging to the T3 genotype was isolated from hemodialysis patients. Two specimens of Acanthamoeba with T3 genotype were isolated from keratitis patients. Conclusion: The clinicians should pay attention to the possible complication of this organism because this amoeba is potentially pathogenic for immunocompromised patients. Since the amoeba is present in environmental resources, the use of contact lenses should be accompanied by considering proper hygien

    Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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    Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin
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