Pulpal Tissue in Bilateral Talon Cusps of Primary Central Incisors: Report of a Case

Talon cusp is a tooth anomaly that affects both the primary and the permanent dentitions. However, the occurrence of this anomalous cusp is rather infrequent in the primary dentition. Only 7 cases of bilateral talon cusps affecting the primary teeth have been reported in the dental literature. This is a case report of bilateral talon cusps on primary maxillary central incisors whose histologic evaluation revealed the existence of pulpal tissue in the anomalous cusps

Effects of Topical Ozone Application on Outcomes after Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-linking: An Experimental Study

Purpose: Ozone is a trioxygen molecule that spontaneously degrades into oxygen and oxygen free radicals. This study was designed to assess the effects of topical ozone application on outcomes after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). Methods: Enucleated fresh cadaver yearling sheep eyes (n = 28) were divided into five groups: control (C, n = 6), sham (S, n = 6), ozone only (Z, n = 6), CXL only (X, n = 5), and Ozone + CXL (ZX, n = 5). In all groups, except C, the epithelial layer was removed. In group Z, 20 μg/mL liquid ozone was topically applied. In group X, CXL was performed in the accelerated pulse mode. In group ZX, both CXL and ozone were applied. Post-interventional oxygen levels were determined and corneal confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography were performed. Corneas were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. Results: Pre-interventional central corneal thickness (CCT) was highest in the control group and considerably similar in the remaining groups (P = 0.006). Pre- and post-interventional CCT were significantly different in the ozonated groups (Z and ZX) (P = 0.028; P = 0.043). Demarcation line depths were similar in groups Z, X, and ZX (P = 0.343). Increased stromal tissue reflectivity was observed in groups Z, X, and ZX. Oxygen levels were higher in the ozonated groups (Z and ZX) (P = 0.006), and caspase activity was higher in the CXL groups (X and ZX) (P = 0.028) as compared to the other groups. Group ZX showed tighter, more regular, and parallel fibrils. Conclusion: Ozone increases corneal stromal oxygenation which can probably augment the effect of CXL. Future studies should investigate the safety and feasibility of ozone application during CXL

Comparison of collagen biomatrix and omentum effectiveness on peripheral nerve regeneration

Despite the presence of various nerve coaptation materials and techniques, achievement of the functional nerve regeneration is still inadequate. This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of conduit composed of collagen biomatrix and omentum graft on peripheral nerve regeneration. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, the right sciatic nerve was skeletonized from the sciatic notch till the point of bifurcation. In the primary epineural repair group, the nerve was transected 1 cm proximal to the bifurcation with a sharp pair of micro scissors and then repaired with four epineural sutures. In the collagen biomatrix group, the epineural repaired nerve was wrapped with collagen biomatrix. In the collagen group, the epineural repaired nerve was wrapped with the nonpediculated omentum. Assessment of the nerve regeneration was based on functional (Walking Track Analysis, Electrophysiological Measurements), histological, and morphometric criteria. Light and electron microscopic examinations showed that collagen-biomatrix-wrapped specimens have the best regeneration. The electrophysiological study confirmed the recovery of electrical activity in the regenerated axons

Synthesis of microbial elastomers based on soybean oily acids. Biocompatibility studies

Biocompatibility studies of the autoxidized and unoxidized unsaturated medium-long chain length (m-lcl) co-poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates (m-lclPHAs) derived from soya oily acids have been reported. Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown on a series of mixtures of octanoic acid (OA) and soya oily acids (Sy) with weight ratios of 20:80, 28:72 and 50:50 in order to obtain unsaturated m-lcl copolyesters coded PHO-Sy-2080, PHO-Sy-2872 and PHO-Sy-5050, respectively. The PHA films were obtained by solvent cast from CHCl3. They were all originally sticky and waxy except PHO-Sy-5050. Autoxidation of the unsaturated copolyester films was carried out on exposure to air at room temperature in order to obtain crosslinked polymers. They became a highly flexible elastomer after being autoxidized (about 40 days of autoxidation). The in vivo tissue reactions of the autoxidized PHAs were evaluated by subcutaneous implantation in rats. The rats appeared to be healthy throughout the implantation period. No symptom such as necrosis, abscess or tumorigenesis was observed in the vicinity of the implants. Retrieved materials varied in their physical appearance after 6 weeks of implantation. In vivo biocompatibility studies of the medical applications indicated that the microbial copolyesters obtained were all biocompatible and especially the PHOSy series of copolyesters had the highest biocompatibility among them. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd

Congenital Microvillus Inclusion Disease In The Differential Diagnosis Of Intractable Metabolic Acidosis

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The Time Course Changes In Expression Of Aquaporin 4 And Aquaporin 1 Following Global Cerebral Ischemic Edema In Rat

Background: The aim of this global cerebral ischemia study was to study the changes in expression levels of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and AQP1 over time. Methods: Sprague-Dawley type male rats were divided into six groups. Sham group and ischemia/reperfusion were performed on five other groups using the four-vessel occlusion model. Reperfusion was done 30 min after the occlusion, and each group was tested at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h for brain wet-dry weight ratio and AQP4 and AQP1 expression levels using immunohistochemistry. To prove ischemia development exists in both hippocampal neurons and epithelia of choroid plexus, hematoxylin, and eosin and  neuronal marker (NeuN) immune-staining have been applied to the sham experimental group at 48 h. AQP4 expression levels are also measured with western blotting. Results: After ischemia/reperfusion it is observed that the decrease in brain water content between 12 and 24 h was statistically significant (P < 0.01). In parallel and based on immunohistochemical staining, AQP4 expression levels did not exhibit any statistically significant change. AQP4 levels did not show any statistically significant change in western blotting. AQP1 expression in choroid plexus epithelial cells decreased at the 12 and 24 h but increased in 48 h (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Lack of change in AQP4 expression levels is thought as its dual role in formation and elimination of ischemic brain edema. Decrease in AQP1 expression levels in 24 h can be explained with necrosis in choroid plexus after ischemia and the increase in 48 h mark can be related to recovery in choroid plexus.PubMe

The effect of subcutaneously injected nicotine on achilles tendon healing in rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneously injected nicotine on transversely transected and sutured achilles tendon healing in an experimental rabbit model. Adult New Zealand rabbits (n=22) weighting 3,000-3,500 g were used in this experimental study. Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Achilles tendon was transversely incised and repaired in all animals. In the experiment group subcutaneous injection of Nicotine tartrate 3 mg/kg/day was done. In the control group Serum physiologic injection was done at the same dosage. The injections were made three times a day in equal dosages. Nicotine and SF injections were made until the end of the 8-week, and then all animals were euthanized. Both light microscopic and electron microscopic evaluations were made on 14 animals. In N group light microscopic evaluation showed a visible gap in repair site. The total tendon score represented in N group was less than in SF group. The statistical analysis of the groups was significantly different for total tendon scores (P=0.002). Beside this electron microscopic examination showed inactive and degenerated fibroblasts and irregular collagen fibrils around them as well as collagen synthesis interruption in N group. Biomechanical evaluation was made on eight animals. The average tensile strength values in Group N (139.47 +/- 44.55 N) were significantly lower than those in Group SF (265.9 +/- 39.01 N) (z=2.309, P=0.029). Nicotine is the major chemical component common to all cigarettes and previously has been shown to affect wound and fracture healing adversely. The results of this study show that nicotine impairs achilles tendon healing after a surgical repair

Estrogen Receptors In Hip Joint Capsule And Ligamentum Capitis Femoris Of Babies With Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of estrogen receptors in human hip joint capsule and ligamentum teres. Methods: The study included biopsies of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and hip joint capsule from 15 patients undergoing hip surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and from the control hips of 15 cases of intrauterine fetal death. Mean age was 10.3 (range: 6 to 18) months at the time of surgery. Full-thickness 1x1 cm anterior capsule and LCF portions were taken as biopsy specimens. An immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibody against estrogen receptors was performed to identify the rate of target estrogen cells in the hip joint capsule and LCF. Results: Estrogen receptor (ER) staining rates were 1.6+/-0.2% for the LCF and 1.3+/-0.2% for the hip joint capsule in the control groups, and 2.5+/-0.3% for the LCF and 2.0+/-0.3% for the hip joint capsule in the DDH groups. Estrogen receptor staining rates in the LCF and hip joint capsule control groups were significantly lower than that in the DDH groups (p<0.001). In both groups, ER rates were significantly lower in the hip joint capsule than in the LCF (p<0.01). Conclusion: The high rate of ERs in the LCF and hip joint capsule appears to support the effect of estrogen in the etiology of the DDH.WoSScopu