THE ATTITUDES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS SPORTS: ATTITUDE AND METAPHORICAL PERCEPTION

The reactions and values that individuals possess towards objects or situations reflect their attitudes. A metaphor is to describe a situation or object by establishing an analogy to another situation or object. The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes and perceptions of undergraduate students studying at various faculties towards sports. The present study, in which a mixed method design was used, was conducted with undergraduate students of Gazi University in the 2017-2018 academic year. In this context, the sample of the study was comprised of a total of 481 (241 female, 240 male) undergraduate students studying at various departments, such as Physical Education Teaching, Banking and Insurance, Political Science and Public Administration, Law, Statistics, Finance, Chemical Engineering, Banking, Conservatory, and Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG). Data collection tools were "Demographic Information Form" developed by the researchers, "The Sports-Oriented Attitude Scale" developed by Koçak (2014), and "semi-structured form" prepared by researchers to collect qualitative data. In the analysis of the data, frequency, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation values were calculated and t-test and ANOVA were applied to the quantitative data. Besides, content analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Significant positive correlations were found between the subdimensions of the attitudes of university students towards sports and age. It was found that the subdimensions of the attitudes toward sports showed significant differences in favor of female participants, and the subdimensions of psychosocial development and mental development were found to be significantly different in favor of the students’ of departments of teaching. There were significant positive correlations between the subdimensions of the attitudes of university students towards sports and age. In the context of the qualitative data of the study, it was discovered that metaphors obtained from the participants were found to be clustered under the categories as life source, benefit provider, value, food, delighting, professional association, nature, addiction, and necessity. It was concluded that the attitudes of university students towards sports were moderate. It was also determined that metaphors for sports were often composed of positive ones.  Article visualizations

Factors influencing of quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the lateral and horizontal deformity of the vertebral column which occurs idiopathically during adolescence. The aim of this study is to identify independent predictors of quality of life in AIS patients. Methods: In total, 31 adolescent patients diagnosed with AIS aged between 10 and 18 years old were included in the study. The scoliosis severity was determined for each patient according to the Cobb method, and their scoliosis perception using the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale, a pain assessment was conducted based on the Visual Analog Scale, quality of life using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire, and depression level according to the Children's Depression Scale. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was then performed in order to determine the independent determinants of health-related quality of life. Findings: According to the Linear Regression analysis results, children's depression scale, walter reed visual assessment scale, cobb, and anterior trunk rotation explained 52.7% of the variance as independent determinants of SRS-22. Interpretation: The study examined the determinants affecting the quality of life in AIS patients. The results of the study showed that scoliosis severity, perception of cosmetic deformity, degree of rotation, and depression level to be predictors of quality of life in AIS patients. “This trail registered with NCT05242601.” © 202

Effectiveness of dry needling on the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis: systematic review

Aim: The aim of this study is to review the effectiveness of dry needling in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from its inception until July 2023 and the reference lists of the articles obtained were manually searched. Studies examining the effectiveness of dry needling treatment alone or in combination with a different protocol in individuals diagnosed with MS, regardless of type, were included. The systematic review included quasi-experimental studies and case reports. Studies involving traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture applications, conference abstracts, and protocol records were excluded. Methodological quality assessments were carried out independently by two authors using tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 130 studies were found in the searches. Some studies were excluded due to duplication, protocol registration, conference abstract, and content outside the scope of the study and 7 studies were included in the review. In total, 33 individuals were included in this review, 22 of whom were women. Four studies specified the MS type of the patients, while the other studies did not specify MS type. Conclusions: Despite some limitations, this is, to our knowledge, the first review summarizing studies evaluating the effectiveness of dry needling in MS patients. The dry needling technique alone or in a combination of treatments was effective in improving pain, spasticity, range of motion, dexterity, mobility, limb function, and quality of life in MS patients. However, these results should be treated with caution due to the small number of included studies and the lack of randomized controlled trials. Although it is too early to talk about the positive effects of the dry needling technique in MS patients, the study results are promising. More randomized controlled trials should be conducted on this topic

Obtaining and analysis of gluten-free toothpaste from acorn for celiac patients

Günümüzde giderek yaygınlaşan çölyak hastalığı ile ilgili araştırmalara bakıldığında glütensiz yiyeceklerin ön planda olduğu görülmektedir. Çölyak hastalığı ve glüten duyarlılığı olan bireylerin sağlıklı bir yaşam sürdürebilmesi için beslenmelerinde olduğu gibi kişisel bakım ürünlerinde de glüten bulunmamalıdır. Meşe palamudu, meşe ağacının (Quercus) çeşitli türlerinden biridir. Ülkemiz, meşe ağacı cinsinin yayılış ve tür dağılımı bakımından en zengin merkezlerden birini oluşturmaktadır. Meşe ağacının meyvesine halk arasında palamut denilmektedir. Palamut, pelit ve kadeh (kupula) olmak üzere iki kısımdan oluşmaktadır. Meşe palamudunun antioksidan özelliği vardır ve glütensiz olması önemli özelliklerindendir. Bu araştırma kapsamında çölyak hastalarının kullanımına uygun glütensiz diş macunu formülasyonunun geliştirilmesi için ham madde olarak meşe palamudu kullanılmış, elde edilen diş macununun glütensiz olduğu analiz ile kanıtlanmış ve antibakteriyel etki göstermesi incelenmiştir.When the researches on celiac disease, which are becoming more and more common today, are examined, it is seen that gluten-free foods are at the forefront. In order for individuals with celiac disease and gluten sensitivity to lead a healthy life, gluten should not be present in personal care products as well as in their diets. The acorn is one of the several species of the oak tree (Quercus). Our country is one of the richest centers in terms of the species distribution of the oak tree genus. The fruit of the oak tree is called acorn among the people. Acorn consists of two parts: valonia and cup. Having antioxidant properties and being gluten-free is one of acorns’ important features. Within the scope of this research, the use of acorn as a raw material for the development of gluten-free toothpaste formulation suitable for the use of celiac patients, the proof that the obtained toothpaste is gluten-free with analysis and its antibacterial effect were examined

Prognostic factors for lymph node negative stage I and IIA non-small cell lung cancer: Multicenter experiences

Surgery is the only curative treatment for operable non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB patients is unclear. Herein, we evaluated prognostic factors for survival and factors related with adjuvant treatment decisions for stage I and IIA NSCLC patients without lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients who had undergone curative surgery for prognostic factors regarding survival and clinicopathological factors related to adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Nearly 90% of the patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy with mediastinal lymph node resection. For the others, wedge resection were performed. The patients were diagnosed as stage IA in 35%, IB in 49% and IIA in 17%. Histopathological type (p=0.02), tumor diameter (p=0.01) and stage (p<0.001) were found to be related to adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, while operation type, lypmhovascular invasion (LVI), grade and the presence of recurrence were important factors in predicting overall survival (OS), and operation type, tumor size greater than 4 cm, T stage, LVI, and visceral pleural invasion were related with disease free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis showed operation type (p<0.001, hazard ratio (HR):1.91) and the presence of recurrence (p<0.001, HR:0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS, as well visceral pleural invasion (p=0.01, HR:0.57) and LVI (p=0.004, HR:0.57) for DFS. Conclusions: Although adjuvant chemotherapy is standard for early stage lymph node positive NSCLC, it has less clear importance in stage I and IIA patients without lymph node metastasis

Production And Characterization Of Titanium Diborudet Ceramics With The Additions Of Silicon Carbide And Graphene Nanoparticles By Spark Plasma Sintering

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2016Ultra yüksek sıcaklık seramikleri (UHTC) ergime sıcaklığı 3000°C’nin üzerinde olan, yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında özelliklerini kaybetmeden kullanılabilen ve oksitli olmayan seramiklerdir. Yüksek sertlik, yüksek ısıl iletkenlik ve iyi ısıl şok dayanımı ultra yüksek sıcaklık seramiklerinin sahip olduğu temel özelliklerdir. Bu gruptaki seramiklerin kullanım alanlarını atmosfere giriş araçları ve hipersonik sistemlerde burun ucu ve hücum kenarı uygulamaları, yüksek sıcaklık dayanımı gerektiren uygulamalar, fırınlarda korozyona dirençli malzemeler, çeşitli metal üretimlerinde katot malzemesi, nozül ve zırh malzemesi ve hipersonik sistemlerde koruyucu kaplama olarak özetlemek mümkündür. Tez konusunu da oluşturan havacılık ve uzay uygulamalarında ultra yüksek sıcaklık seramiklerinin kullanımının araştırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar 1960’lı yıllarda ManLabs-Air Force Materials Research Laboratory’de (AFML) başlamıştır. 1990’lı yılların başında basınçlı sinterleme yöntemlerindeki gelişmelere bağlı olarak, intermetalik borürlerin hipersonik ve atmosfere giriş sistemlerinin hücum kenarlarında ve burun ucunda kullanımları araştırılmıştır. Bu uygulamalar için üzerinde en çok çalışılan borür sistemleri hafniyum diborür (HfB2) ve zirkonyum diborür (ZrB2)’dür. Bu sistemlere yönelik pek çok çalışma literatürde mevcuttur. Bunların yanı sıra titanyum diborür (TiB2) ve niyobyum diborür (NbB2) gibi metalik borür sistemleri de yüksek ergime sıcaklığı, yüksek sertlik, iyi kimyasal kararlılık, düşük yoğunluk gibi özelliklere sahiptir ve şimdiye kadar adı geçen uygulamalarda kullanımları araştırılmamıştır. Borürlerin sahip olduğu üstün özelliklerine rağmen, düşük kırılma tokluğu değerleri ve zayıf oksidasyon dirençleri nedeniyle tek başlarına kullanımları sınırlıdır. Bu durum pek çok uygulamada borürlerin kompozit yapılar halinde kullanılmalarını gerektirmektedir. Kırılma tokluğunu ve oksidasyon direncini arttırmak için borür yapıları ile uyumlu olan silisyum karbür (SiC) ve ilave toklaştırma mekanizmaları sağlamaları sebebiyle son yıllarda giderek önem kazanan karbon nanotüp (CNT) ve grafen nano partikül (GNP) gibi nano boyutlu karbon formları tercih edilen malzemelerdir. Güçlü kovalent bağlanma ve yüksek ergime sıcaklığı nedeniyle yoğun yapı elde edilebilmesi için yüksek sıcaklıklara ve uzun sinterleme sürelerine ihtiyaç duyulması borür esaslı malzemelerin üretimini zorlaştırmaktadır. Yoğunlaşma problemi, spark plazma sinterleme (SPS) gibi gelişmiş sinterleme tekniklerinin kullanılması ile iyileştirilebilir. SPS tekniğinin, sıcak pres, sıcak izostatik pres ve basınçsız sinterleme sistemlerine göre düşük sinterleme sıcaklığı ve kısa sinterleme süresi gibi önemli avantajları vardır. Sistemin sahip olduğu bu özellikler, yüksek ergime sıcaklığına sahip karbür, borür ve nitrürlerin, tane büyümesi oluşmadan dakikalar ile ifade edilen sürelerde, yüksek yoğunluklarda üretimine olanak sağlamaktadır. Deneysel çalışmalar kapsamında monolitik TiB2, TiB2-SiC ve TiB2-SiC-GNP kompozitleri spark plazma sinterleme (SPS) yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. TiB2 esaslı numuneler 50 mm çapında ve 4 mm kalınlığında olacak şekilde sinterlenmiştir. Monolitik TiB2 ve TiB2-SiC ikili kompozitleri 1700°C’de, TiB2-SiC-GNP üçlü kompozitleri ise 1800°C’de 5 dk süreyle, 40 MPa basınç altında üretilmiştir. Karakterizasyon faaliyetleri kapsamında, üretilen numunelerin yoğunluk ölçümleri yapılmış ve densifikasyon davranışları incelenmiştir. Faz analizleri ve mikroyapı karakterizasyonları yapılan numunelerin mekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirmesi, oksidasyon davranışlarının incelenmesi ve termal iletkenlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. SiC ve GNP ilavelerinin oluşturduğu toklaşma mekanizmaları incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar kapsamında TiB2 esaslı kompozitlerin oksidasyon davranışları incelenmiş ve termal iletkenlik değerleri ölçülmüştür. Sinterlenen numunelerin yoğunluklarının %97-99.9 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Artan GNP miktarı ile yoğunluk değerinde artış gözlenlenmiş ancak hacimce %7’den fazla eklenen GNP yoğunluk değerini düşürmüştür. Elde edilen en yüksek sertlik (~28 GPa) ve kırılma tokluğu (~6,5 MPa·m1/2) değerlerinin 1800°C’de sinterlenen ve hacimce %5 GNP ile % 15 SiC içeren TiB2-SiC-GNP kompozitine ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 ve 1400°C’de farklı sürelerde uygulanan oksidasyon çalışmaları sonucunda, 1700°C’de sinterlenen TiB2-SiC ikili ve 1800°C de sinterlenen TiB2-SiC-GNP üçlü kompozitlerinin oksidasyon davranışlarının, monolitik TiB2 seramiklerine oranla daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir. SiC ilavesi sonucu oluşan koruyucu oksit tabakaları oksidasyon direncini arttırıcı etki yapmaktadır. Ayrıca GNP’lerin matris tanelerini sarması ile oksijenin matriste ilerlemesi engellenebilir ve bu durum da oksidasyon direncinin iyileştirici etki gösterebilir. En yüksek termal iletkenlik değerleri TiB2 ile elde edilmiştir, artan SiC miktarı ile birlikte termal iletkenlik değerlerinde azalma gözlenmiştir. Grafen çok yüksek termal iletkenlik değerine (25°C’de 5000 W/mK) sahip olmasına rağmen termal iletkenlik değerlerinde GNP ilavesi ile azalma görülmüştür. Arayüzeyde boşluk oluşumu, GNP içeren kompozitlerin termal iletkenlik değerlerinin beklenenden çok daha düşük değerlere sahip olmasına neden olmuştur.Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) are non-oxide ceramics. They are characterized by having a melting temperature greater than 3000°C and an ability to withstand in extreme environments at high temperatures. They have high hardness, high thermal conductivity, and good thermal shock resistance. The potential applications for UHTCs include materials in re-entry vehicles and hypersonic systems as nose caps and leading edges, high temperature resistant materials, corrosion resistant materials for furnaces, cathode materials for several metal processing, nozzle and armor materials and protective coating materials for hypersonic systems. ManLabs-Air Force Materials Research Laboratory (AFML) began working on the ultra-high temperature ceramics in aviation and aerospace applications in 1960s. In the early 1990s, with the development in pressure-assisted sintering techniques, researches were conducted about the utilization of intermetallic borides on leading edge and nose cap parts of hypersonic systems and atmospheric reentry vehicles. The focus has been on hafnium diboride (HfB2) and zirconium diboride (ZrB2). Several studies for these systems have been reported in the literature. In addition to HfB2 and ZrB2, other borides such as titanium diboride (TiB2) and niobium diboride (NbB2) have similar properties such as high melting temperature, high hardness, good chemical inertness, and low density, and their utilization in the above-mentioned applications was not investigated so far. Although the superior properties possessed by the borides, due to their low fracture toughness values and poor oxidation resistance, it is limited to use them alone. This requires borides used in the form of composite structures for many applications. Silicon carbide (SiC) is the most widely used and coherent additive for boride systems to improve fracture toughness and oxidation resistance of borides. Besides, because of providing additional toughening mechanisms, increasingly important nano scale carbon forms such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoparticles (GNP) are also preferred materials in recent years. Fully dense boride-based materials have been hardly obtained and required high sintering temperature and time because of strong covalent bonding and high melting temperature. Densification problem of borides can be overcome by using advanced sintering techniques i.e., spark plasma sintering (SPS). SPS technique has some important advantages such as low sintering temperature, short sintering time compared to hot press, hot isostatic press and pressureless sintering systems. These properties make it possible to produce high-density carbides, borides and nitrides having high melting temperatures in several minutes without grain growth. Under the experimental studies, monolithic TiB2, TiB2-GNP binary and TiB2-SiC-GNP ternary composites in different compositions were produced and then characterization was carried out in terms of density measurement, densification behavior, Vickers microhardness, fracture toughness, toughening mechanisms, flexural strength, thermal (thermal conductivity measurement) properties, oxidation behavior, phase analysis and microstructural investigations. Samples of 4 mm in height, 50 mm in diameter were sintered by SPS. Composites were produced in vacuum at 1700 and 1800 °C for 300 s under 40 MPa. Relative density measurements were determined by using Archimedes principle. The density of the sintered sample was determined to between 97-99.9%. Increased density values were observed with increasing amounts of graphene, however the volume of more than 7% added graphene nano-plate the reduced density value. The highest values of Vickers hardness and fracture toughness (~28 GPa and 6,5 MPa·m1/2) are achieved with the TiB2-SiC-GNP composite having 15 vol% SiC and 5 vol% GNP. 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400 ° C in different time, oxidation studies were performed. Oxidation behaviors of TiB2-SiC binary composite which sintered at 1700 ° C and TiB2-SiC GNP triple composite which sintered at 1800 ° C were determined to be better than the monolithic ceramic TiB2. The protective oxide layer formed by the addition of SiC that occur as a result of an increasing effect on the oxidation resistance. In addition to the matrix can be prevented the progression of oxygen and oxidation resistance by wrapping graphene nano-plate matrix grains. It can show the healing effects of this situation. The highest thermal conductivity values were obtained from TiB2, reduction in thermal conductivity values with increasing amount of SiC was observed. Even though graphene has very high thermal conductivity value (25 ° C at 5000 W / mK), a decrease in thermal conductivity values were observed with the addition of graphene nano-plate. Because of interfacial gap formation, the thermal conductivity value of composites comprising GNP is caused to have a much lower than expected.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Exercise intensity of active video gaming in cerebral palsy: Hip- versus wrist-worn accelerometer data

Objective The aim of this study was to compare exercise intensity of active video games (AVGs) between hip- and wrist-worn accelerometer data in cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Twenty children and adolescents (9.35 +/- 3.71 years) with CP performed two exercise sessions, completing a standardized series of AVGs. Exercise intensity was collected, while one accelerometer was fitted to wrist and hip in separate, counterbalanced sessions. Results Accelerometer counts per minute and cut-points determined were significantly different between the wrist- and hip-worn outputs (p < .001). Metabolic equivalents (METs) of performing AVGs exceeded the three METs moderate intensity threshold in wrist-worn (3.12 +/- 0.86) accelerometer and hip-worn data tend to underestimate intensity (1.16 +/- 0.08). Conclusions Previous studies showed METs required to perform AVGs were related to moderate intensity (3-6 METs) in CP with mild deficits. Wrist-worn accelerometer, exceeding 3 METs, seem to have higher accuracy in measuring exercise intensity of AVGs than hip-worn

Acute impact on balance and performance of interactive video games in Cerebral Palsy

Amaç: Serebral Palsi (SP)’li bireylerde video oyunları terapisi (VOT) ile nörogelişimsel terapinin (NGT)performans, denge üzerindeki akut etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 6-18 yaşlarıarasında 20 SP’l` b`rey dah`l ed`ld`. Fonks`yonel düzeyler`; Kaba Motor Fonks`yon Sınıflama S`stem`(KMFSS), spast`s`teler` Mod`f`ye Ashword Skalası (MAS), kaba motor fonks`yonları Kaba MotorFonks`yon Ölçeğ`-88 (KMFÖ-88) D&E modüllerine göre, fiziksel performansları 10m yürüme, 5 basamakmerdiven inme ve çıkma sürelerine (5BMİS-5MBÇS) göre; fonksiyonel denge performansları süreli kalkve yürü testi (SKYT), sağ-sol tek ayak üzerinde durma süreleri (TAÜDS) ile değerlendirildi. Birer seansNGT ve Nintendo Wii oyun konsolunda, 4 standart oyundan oluşan VOT uygulandı. 45 dakika süren 2müdahelede önce ve sonrasında değerlendirmeler yapıldı. Sonuçlar: Performans parametrelerinde,terapi seanslarında anlamlı gelişme elde edilemedi. Denge performanslarında; VOT’da SKYT ve solTAÜDS’de anlamlı gelişme olduğu belirlenirken (Z=-2,576, p=0,01), NGT’de elde edilmedi (Z=-1,531,p=0,126). VOT’da Spastik Diplejik (SDİ) ve Hemiplejik (SHİ) bireyler karşılaştırıldığında, 5BMÇ’da SDİlehine anlamlı gelişme elde edildi (p=0,01). VOT’da KMFSS alt grupları; (KMFSS I-II) karşılaştırıldığında,5BMÇS (p=0,01) ve SKYT’de (p=0,035) KMFSS II’de anlamlı gelişme elde edildi. Tartışma: SP’libireylerde denge, performans açısından standart tedaviye oyun terapisinin eklenmesinin daha fazla faydasağlayacağı, SP’de hastanın klinik tablosuna uygun oyun seçiminin önemli olduğu sonuçlarına varılmıştır.Purpose: Purpose: Comparing acute effects of video game therapy (VOT) and neurodevelopmental therapy (NGT) in cerebral palsy (SP) in relation to performance, balance. Material and Methods: Between ages of 6-18, 20 SP individuals were included in the study. Functional levels; Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), physical performance; 10m walking, 5 stairs climbing up (5SCU), down (5SCD), spasticity; Modified Ashworth Scale, gross motor function; Gross Motor Function Measurement-88; functional balance performances were assessed by timed up & go test (TUG) and rightleft single-leg raise (SLR). NGT and VOT (4 standard games, Nintendo Wii game console) were applied for 45 minutes. Evaluations were done before-after interventions. Results: Performance parameters; there is no significant improvement in both therapy sessions. Equilibrium performances; in VOT; there is significant improvement about TUG, left SLR (Z=-2,576, p=0.01), but not in NGT (Z=-1,531, p=0,126). Compared with Spastic Diplegic (SDI) and Hemiplegic (SHI) subjects in VOT, significant improvement obtained in 5SCU in favor of SDI (p=0,01). Comparing GMFCS subgroups (GMFCS I-II) in VOT; significant improvement observed in GMFCS II about 5SCU (p=0,01) and TUG (p=0,035). Discussion: In SP, the inclusion of game therapy in standard treatment will be beneficial in terms of balance and performance and it is important to select games appropriate to the clinical chart of the patient