292 research outputs found
Donor infection with multidrug resistant organisms: Should we change our approach to perioperative prophylaxis?
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151251/1/ajt15522_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151251/2/ajt15522.pd
Increased risk donors: A bird in the hand
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142418/1/ajt14643.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142418/2/ajt14643_am.pd
HIV Protease Inhibitors: Advances in Therapy and Adverse Reactions, Including Metabolic Complications
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90068/1/phco.19.4.281.30937.pd
Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Long term outcomes
Abstract
Background
To describe long term outcomes of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
Methods
Cases of MAC IRIS were retrospectively identified at four HIV clinics (Michigan, Maryland, Rhode Island, and Indiana) from 1996â2004. Patients were included if they were initially diagnosed with AIDS and found to have evidence of focal MAC infection documented by tissue culture or PCR after initiating HAART, and at least 6 months of follow up.
Results
Among the 20 patients included, the mean age was 40 years, mean CD4 cell count was 24/mm3 at pretreatment baseline and 100/mm3 at time of MAC IRIS diagnosis. Sites of disease included lymph nodes (15 patients [8 peripheral, 8 abdominal and 1 peripheral and abdominal]), gastrointestinal tract (7) and liver (3). Sixteen patients (80%) responded to treatment and were disease free after a mean of 17.4 months of therapy for MAC IRIS; IRIS therapy was withdrawn in 6 without relapse. Four patients (non-responder group) had persistent or relapsing disease despite 27 months of ongoing MAC IRIS treatment. At the time of resolution or last follow-up, the mean CD4 cell count and viral load was 143/mm3 and 7,000 c/mL for responders, and 65/mm3 and 17,000 c/mL for non-responders, respectively. Most patients with peripheral adenopathy were responders (7/8; 88%); many with abdominal adenopathy (4/8; 50%) were nonresponders.
Conclusion
The majority of patients with MAC IRIS eventually responded to treatment. Our sample size was not adequate to perform statistical analysis, but there was a tendency towards adequate CD4 response to HAART and peripheral rather than intraabdominal adenopathy among responders.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112767/1/12967_2007_Article_210.pd
Quantum Black Holes: Entropy and Entanglement on the Horizon
We are interested in black holes in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). We study the
simple model of static black holes: the horizon is made of a given number of
identical elementary surfaces and these small surfaces all behaves as a spin-s
system accordingly to LQG. The chosen spin-s defines the area unit or area
resolution, which the observer uses to probe the space(time) geometry. For
s=1/2, we are actually dealing with the qubit model, where the horizon is made
of a certain number of qubits. In this context, we compute the black hole
entropy and show that the factor in front of the logarithmic correction to the
entropy formula is independent of the unit s. We also compute the entanglement
between parts of the horizon. We show that these correlations between parts of
the horizon are directly responsible for the asymptotic logarithmic
corrections. This leads us to speculate on a relation between the evaporation
process and the entanglement between a pair of qubits and the rest of the
horizon. Finally, we introduce a concept of renormalisation of areas in LQG.Comment: Revtex4, 25 pages, 4 figure
Macrolideâresistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in transplantation: Increasingly typical?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common bacterial causes of pneumonia. Macrolideâresistant MÂ pneumoniae (MRMP) was documented in 7.5% of isolates in the United States. Resistance portends poor outcomes to macrolide therapy, yet patients respond well to fluoroquinolones or tetracyclines such as minocycline. However, MRMP may be underâappreciated because MÂ pneumoniae generally causes relatively mild infections in nonâimmunosuppressed adults that may resolve without effective therapy and because microbiological confirmation and susceptibility are not routinely performed. We report two cases of pneumonia due to MRMP in kidney transplant recipients. Both patients required hospital admission, worsened on macrolide therapy, and rapidly defervesced on doxycycline or levofloxacin. In one case, MÂ pneumoniae was only identified by multiplex respiratory pathogen panel analysis of BAL fluid. Macrolide resistance was confirmed in both cases by realâtime PCR and point mutations associated with macrolide resistance were identified. MÂ pneumoniae was isolated from both cases, and molecular genotyping revealed the same genotype. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of the potential for macrolide resistance in MÂ pneumoniae, and may consider nonâmacrolideâbased therapy for confirmed or nonâresponding infections in patients who are immunocompromised or hospitalized.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163484/2/tid13318.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163484/1/tid13318_am.pd
Entropy in the Classical and Quantum Polymer Black Hole Models
We investigate the entropy counting for black hole horizons in loop quantum
gravity (LQG). We argue that the space of 3d closed polyhedra is the classical
counterpart of the space of SU(2) intertwiners at the quantum level. Then
computing the entropy for the boundary horizon amounts to calculating the
density of polyhedra or the number of intertwiners at fixed total area.
Following the previous work arXiv:1011.5628, we dub these the classical and
quantum polymer models for isolated horizons in LQG. We provide exact
micro-canonical calculations for both models and we show that the classical
counting of polyhedra accounts for most of the features of the intertwiner
counting (leading order entropy and log-correction), thus providing us with a
simpler model to further investigate correlations and dynamics. To illustrate
this, we also produce an exact formula for the dimension of the intertwiner
space as a density of "almost-closed polyhedra".Comment: 24 page
The OECD and phases in the international political economy, 1961â2011
In 2011, the OECD turned fifty. To provide a broad foundation for further thinking on this organization, we analyse its evolution over half a century from two perspectives: phases in the international political economy and the literature on IPE. By so doing, we uncover two paradoxes. Firstly, we find that the organizationâs evolution closely mirrored major phases in the postwar international political economy until recently. However, the OECDâs long-term dependence on theWest has now become an obstacle to its efforts to adapt to the latest phase, characterised by the rise of non-Western powers. Secondly, we show that, during the OECDâs âgolden ageâ, scholars paid relatively little attention to the organization but, from the 2000s, as the organization faced an unprecedented challenge of its potential economic decline, IPE literature on the organization blossomed
Organisational participation and women - an attitude problem?
Employee participation is a dynamic and contested area of organisational behaviour, attracting continuing academic, practitioner and policy interest and debate. This chapter focuses on organisational participation and women
âIt Takes Two Hands to Clapâ: How Gaddi Shepherds in the Indian Himalayas Negotiate Access to Grazing
This article examines the effects of state intervention on the workings of informal institutions that coordinate the communal use and management of natural resources. Specifically it focuses on the case of the nomadic Gaddi
shepherds and official attempts to regulate their access to grazing pastures in the Indian Himalayas. It is often predicted that the increased presence of the modern state critically undermines locally appropriate and community-based resource management arrangements. Drawing on the work of Pauline Peters and Francis Cleaver, I identify key instances of socially embedded âcommonâ management institutions and explain the evolution of these arrangements
through dynamic interactions between individuals, communities and the agents of the state. Through describing the âliving spaceâ of Gaddi shepherds across the annual cycle of nomadic migration with their flocks I explore the
ways in which they have been able to creatively reinterpret external interventions, and suggest how contemporary arrangements for accessing pasture at different moments of the annual cycle involve complex combinations of the
formal and the informal, the âtraditionalâ and the âmodernâ
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