Comparación de los patrones de selección del lugar de nidificación de distintas especies rapaces simpátridas, como herramienta para su conservación

In this study the nest–site selection patterns of four tree–nesting sympatric raptor species in Dadia National Park (Greece) were compared in order to provide a sound conservation tool for their long–term management in the area. The species studied were the Black vulture (Aegypius monachus), the Lesser–spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina), the Booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) and the Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Twenty–six variables illustrating the landscape context and vegetation structure of nesting sites were analysed. Multivariate–ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis were used to test for significant differentiations in nest–site characteristics among the species. The species studied were initially differentiated by geomorphology and distance to foraging areas. Once these were determined their nesting areas were established according to forest structure. Our results indicate that forest management should integrate the preservation of mature forest stands with sparse canopy and forest heterogeneity in order to conserve suitable nesting habitats for the raptors. Specific conservation me asures such as restriction of road construction should be implemented in order to protect the active nests and provisions should be made for adequate nesting sites for the Black vulture, which is sensitive to human disturbance. Key words: Sympatric raptors, Discriminant analysis, Nesting habitat separation, Conservation guidelines.En este estudio se han comparado los patrones de selección del lugar de nidificación de cuatro especies de rapaces simpátridas que construyen sus nidos en los árboles, en el Dadia National Park (Grecia), con el fin de obtener una buena herramienta de conservación para su gestión a largo plazo en esta zona. Las especies estudiadas fueron el Buitre Negro (Aegypius monachus), el Águila Pomerana (Aquila pomarina), el Aguililla Calzada (Hieraaetus pennatus) y el Azor Común (Accipiter gentilis). Se analizaron 26 variables que ilustraban el contexto paisajístico y la estructura de la vegetación de los lugares de nidificación. Se utilizaron el ANOVA multivariante y el Análisis de Función Discriminante para comprobar las diferencias significativas en las características de los lugares de nidificación según las especies. En primer lugar, las especies estudiadas se diferenciaron en cuanto a la geomorfología y la distancia a los lugares de alimentación. Una vez determinados ambos parámetros, se establecieron sus áreas de nidificación según la estructura forestal. Nuestros resultados indican que la gestión forestal debería integrar la conservación de zonas de bosque maduro con un dosel escaso y la heterogeneidad forestal, para conservar hábitats de nidificación adecuados para estas rapaces. Deberían tomarse medidas específicas de conservación tales como la restricción de construcción de carreteras, para la protección de los nidos activos y se debería proveer de lugares adecuados para la nidificación del buitre negro, que es muy sensible a la presencia humana. Palabras clave: Rapaces simpátridas, Análisis discriminante, Clasificación de hábitats de nidificación, Pautas de conservación

Signals of climate change in butterfly communities in a Mediterranean protected area.

Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tCopyright: © 2014 Zografou et al.The European protected-area network will cease to be efficient for biodiversity conservation, particularly in the Mediterranean region, if species are driven out of protected areas by climate warming. Yet, no empirical evidence of how climate change influences ecological communities in Mediterranean nature reserves really exists. Here, we examine long-term (1998-2011/2012) and short-term (2011-2012) changes in the butterfly fauna of Dadia National Park (Greece) by revisiting 21 and 18 transects in 2011 and 2012 respectively, that were initially surveyed in 1998. We evaluate the temperature trend for the study area for a 22-year-period (1990-2012) in which all three butterfly surveys are included. We also assess changes in community composition and species richness in butterfly communities using information on (a) species' elevational distributions in Greece and (b) Community Temperature Index (calculated from the average temperature of species' geographical ranges in Europe, weighted by species' abundance per transect and year). Despite the protected status of Dadia NP and the subsequent stability of land use regimes, we found a marked change in butterfly community composition over a 13 year period, concomitant with an increase of annual average temperature of 0.95°C. Our analysis gave no evidence of significant year-to-year (2011-2012) variability in butterfly community composition, suggesting that the community composition change we recorded is likely the consequence of long-term environmental change, such as climate warming. We observe an increased abundance of low-elevation species whereas species mainly occurring at higher elevations in the region declined. The Community Temperature Index was found to increase in all habitats except agricultural areas. If equivalent changes occur in other protected areas and taxonomic groups across Mediterranean Europe, new conservation options and approaches for increasing species' resilience may have to be devised.ESFGreek national funds (NSRF

Chlorophyll tailored 20-trifluoroacetamide and its azacrown derivative as pH sensitive colorimetric sensor probe with response to AcO-, F- and CN- ions

Peer reviewe

Preliminary Normative Study of ImPACT® in Finnish Professional Male Ice Hockey Players

Assessment of cognition is an important part of concussion management. The common paradigm of baseline and postinjury evaluations is recommended but due to the often lacking baseline data, reliable normative values are needed. The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT®) battery is a widely used method of cognitive assessment offering several language options. There are few comparative studies between language groups on this test battery. ImPACT was administered at baseline to 184 Finnish male Professional Ice Hockey league players. The performance of the Finnish sample differed from previously published English and Czech language samples on the Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time composites with medium effect-sizes (d = 0.38–0.52). Age, but not education or prior concussions, was associated with ImPACT performance. ImPACT performance is not uniform across language and culture groups and the findings highlight the need for language-specific norms. Finnish reference values for ImPACT for ages 26 are presented. A similar approach is encouraged for other languages.Peer reviewe

C-reactive protein response is higher in early than in late ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Objectives: Many in vitro fertilization (IVF) complications are inflammatory by nature, some of which are even life-threatening. We evaluated the response of C-reactive protein (CRP) in IVF complications, especially in early and late ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), to support clinical decision making in gynecological emergency policlinics. Study design: In a prospective two-year study at Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, we recruited patients with IVF complications including moderate or severe OHSS (n = 47 patients: 36 early and 14 late OHSS cases), or other IVF complications (n = 13). As controls, we recruited women in an uncomplicated IVF cycle (n = 27). Serial blood samples (CRP, blood count, platelets, albumin, estradiol, creatinine, and electrolytes) were collected from patients upon admission to the emergency polyclinic and during and after treatment on the ward, and from the controls prior, during, and after the IVF protocol. All samples were categorized according to oocyte pick-up (OPU). The statistics included comparisons between and within the study groups, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for diagnostic accuracy of CRP for early OHSS at emergency polyclinics. Results: On admission, CRP did not differentiate OHSS from other IVF complications, but CRP was higher in early (median 21; IQR 8-33 mg/L) than in late (6; 3-9 mg/L, p = 0.001) OHSS. In ROC analysis for CRP (12 mg/L), the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.74 (p = 0.001) with sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 71% for early OHSS. CRP was significantly higher (28; 10-46 mg/L) in patients with early OHSS two days after oocyte pick-up (OPU) than in the controls (5; Conclusions: Early OHSS associates with a distinct rise in CRP level beyond that induced by uncomplicated oocyte pick-up, whereas the CRP levels in late OHSS are comparable to those in the control cycles. CRP identifies, but cannot distinguish IVF complications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Role of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Glycoprotein K (gK) Pathogenic CD8+ T Cells in Exacerbation of Eye Disease

HSV-1-induced corneal scarring (CS), also broadly referred to as Herpes Stromal Keratitis (HSK), is the leading cause of infectious blindness in developed countries. It is well-established that HSK is in fact an immunopathological disease. The contribution of the potentially harmful T cell effectors that lead to CS remains an area of intense study. Although the HSV-1 gene(s) involved in eye disease is not yet known, we have demonstrated that gK, which is one of the 12 known HSV-1 glycoproteins, has a crucial role in CS. Immunization of HSV-1 infected mice with gK, but not with any other known HSV-1 glycoprotein, significantly exacerbates CS, and dermatitis. The gK-induced eye disease occurs independently of the strain of the virus or mouse. HSV-1 mutants that lack gK are unable to efficiently infect and establish latency in neurons. HSV-1 recombinant viruses expressing two additional copies of the gK (total of three gK genes) exacerbated CS as compared with wild type HSV-1 strain McKrae that contains one copy of gK. Furthermore, we have shown that an 8mer (ITAYGLVL) within the signal sequence of gK enhanced CS in ocularly infected BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice, and NZW rabbits. In HSV-infected “humanized” HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice, this gK 8mer induced strong IFN-γ-producing cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses. gK induced CS is dependent on gK binding to signal peptide peptidase (SPP). gK also binds to HSV-1 UL20, while UL20 binds GODZ (DHHC3) and these quadruple interactions are required for gK induced pathology. Thus, potential therapies might include blocking of gK-SPP, gK-UL20, UL20-GODZ interactions, or a combination of these strategies

Molecular Pathways Mediating Immunosuppression in Response to Prolonged Intensive Physical Training, Low-Energy Availability, and Intensive Weight Loss

Exercise and exercise-induced weight loss have a beneficial effect on overall health, including positive effects on molecular pathways associated with immune function, especially in overweight individuals. The main aim of our study was to assess how energy deprivation (i.e., "semi-starvation") leading to substantial fat mass loss affects the immune system and immunosuppression in previously normal weight individuals. Thus, to address this hypothesis, we applied a high-throughput systems biology approach to better characterize potential key pathways associated with immune system modulation during intensive weight loss and subsequent weight regain. We examined 42 healthy female physique athletes (age 27.5 +/- 4.0 years, body mass index 23.4 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)) volunteered into either a diet group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 17). For the diet group, the energy intake was reduced and exercise levels were increased to induce loss of fat mass that was subsequently regained during a recovery period. The control group was instructed to maintain their typical lifestyle, exercise levels, and energy intake at a constant level. For quantification of systems biology markers, fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: baseline (PRE), at the end of the weight loss period (MID 21.1 +/- 3.1 weeks after PRE), and at the end of the weight regain period (POST 18.4 +/- 2.9 weeks after MID). In contrast to the control group, the diet group showed significant (false discovery ratePeer reviewe

The effects of market integration on childhood growth and nutritional status: The dual burden of under- and over-nutrition in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon: Indigenous Childhood Nutritional Status

Market integration is an important source of cultural change exposing indigenous populations to epidemiologic and nutrition transitions. As children and adolescents are biologically sensitive to the health effects of market integration, we examine community variation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status and growth among a cross-cultural sample of Kichwa, Shuar, Huaorani and Cofán indigenous groups in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon

Large-scale long-term passive-acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal activity patterns of boreal bats

The distribution ranges and spatio-temporal patterns in the occurrence and activity of boreal bats are yet largely unknown due to their cryptic lifestyle and lack of suitable and efficient study methods. We approached the issue by establishing a permanent passive-acoustic sampling setup spanning the area of Finland to gain an understanding on how latitude affects bat species composition and activity patterns in northern Europe. The recorded bat calls were semi-automatically identified for three target taxa; Myotis spp., Eptesicus nilssonii or Pipistrellus nathusii and the seasonal activity patterns were modeled for each taxa across the seven sampling years (2015-2021). We found an increase in activity since 2015 for E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. For E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. we found significant latitude -dependent seasonal activity patterns, where seasonal variation in patterns appeared stronger in the north. Over the years, activity of P. nathusii increased during activity peak in June and late season but decreased in mid season. We found the passive-acoustic monitoring network to be an effective and cost-efficient method for gathering bat activity data to analyze spatio-temporal patterns. Long-term data on the composition and dynamics of bat communities facilitates better estimates of abundances and population trend directions for conservation purposes and predicting the effects of climate change