Field strength scaling in quasi-phase-matching of high-order harmonic generation by low-intensity assisting fields

High-order harmonic generation in gas targets is a widespread scheme used to produce extreme ultraviolet radiation, however, it has a limited microscopic efficiency. Macroscopic enhancement of the produced radiation relies on phase-matching, often only achievable in quasi-phase-matching arrangements. In the present work we numerically study quasi-phase-matching induced by low-intensity assisting fields. We investigate the required assisting field strength dependence on the wavelength and intensity of the driving field, harmonic order, trajectory class and period of the assisting field. We comment on the optimal spatial beam profile of the assisting field

Társadalmi konfliktusokat generáló ökológiai történések a Balaton életében az utóbbi néhány évtizedben – A víz barna elszíneződése

Ecological Developments of the Recent Decades Generating Social Conflicts in the Life of the Lake Balaton – Brown Discoloration of Water The largest quantities of brown coloured dissolved organic substances get into Lake Balaton in the Keszthely-basin through the River Zala and on the south shore from Nagyberek (peat bog) through pumping. Tourists avoid the beaches with brown water despite the fact that it does not pose any danger. Even though the humic substances causing the brown colour are not harmful for bathers, these compounds, however, do influence ecological processes. Humic substances are natural substances which are the decomposition products of dead plants. Their water-soluble fractions are fulvic acids and humic acids, while their third fraction (humin) is not water soluble. Humic substances play multiple ecological roles in surface waters: they serve as a carbon source for bacteria; change the underwater light climate through the increased attenuation of the short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the Sun; their photodegradation produces toxic free radicals containing oxygen (which is transformed to hydrogen peroxide); and they change the behaviour of other substances through their complex-forming property. A significant increase in the chromophoric dissolved organic matter load of the Lake can be anticipated because of the planned extension of the currently flooding area (16 km2) by the lower Kis-Balaton reservoir up to 52 km2.Ecological Developments of the Recent Decades Generating Social Conflicts in the Life of the Lake Balaton – Brown Discoloration of Water The largest quantities of brown coloured dissolved organic substances get into Lake Balaton in the Keszthely-basin through the River Zala and on the south shore from Nagyberek (peat bog) through pumping. Tourists avoid the beaches with brown water despite the fact that it does not pose any danger. Even though the humic substances causing the brown colour are not harmful for bathers, these compounds, however, do influence ecological processes. Humic substances are natural substances which are the decomposition products of dead plants. Their water-soluble fractions are fulvic acids and humic acids, while their third fraction (humin) is not water soluble. Humic substances play multiple ecological roles in surface waters: they serve as a carbon source for bacteria; change the underwater light climate through the increased attenuation of the short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the Sun; their photodegradation produces toxic free radicals containing oxygen (which is transformed to hydrogen peroxide); and they change the behaviour of other substances through their complex-forming property. A significant increase in the chromophoric dissolved organic matter load of the Lake can be anticipated because of the planned extension of the currently flooding area (16 km2) by the lower Kis-Balaton reservoir up to 52 km2

CO-Minor-IN/QUEST: la mejora de las entrevistas con menores a través de intérprete en la etapa anterior al juicio

The CO-Minor-IN/QUEST research project (JUST/2011/JPEN/AG/2961, January 2013 – December 2014) studied the interactional dynamics of interpreter-mediated child interviews during the pre-trial phase in criminal procedures. This automatically involves communication with vulnerable interviewees who need extra support for three main reasons: their age (i.e. under 18), native language and procedural status (as a victim, witness or suspect). An on-line questionnaire, originally distributed in six EU Member States enabled the researchers to map the existing expertise, beliefs and needs of the main actors in the field of pre-trial child interviewing meaning interpreters, police and justice, and child support professionals. In this contribution, we will focus on ImQM (interpreter-mediated questioning of minors) in Belgium through the quantitative analysis of several statements on the role of the interpreter. The narratives then allow for a qualitative analysis to underpin the quantitative results, and paint a more complete picture of the needs in ImQM. Just like an interdisciplinary approach is central to research, teamwork is the keyword in daily ImQM practice.CO-Minor-IN/QUEST: la mejora de las entrevistas con menores a través de intérprete en la etapa anterior al juicio. En el proyecto de investigación CO-Minor-IN/QUEST (JUST/2011/JPEN/AG/2961, enero de 2013-diciembre 2014) estudiamos la dinámica de interacción que se produce en las entrevistas con menores a través de intérpretes durante la etapa anterior al juicio en procedimientos penales. Esas situaciones suponen la comunicación con entrevistados vulnerables que necesitan un apoyo adicional por tres motivos principales: su edad (son menores de 18 años), su idioma y su condición en el proceso (víctimas, testigos o sospechosos). Un cuestionario en línea, distribuido inicialmente en seis Estados Miembros de la UE, les permitió a las investigadoras cartografiar los conocimientos prácticos, las creencias y las necesidades de los participantes principales en el ámbito de las entrevistas a menores en la etapa anterior al juicio, es decir, de los intérpretes, la policía y lajusticia, así como de los profesionales del apoyo a menores. En este artículo nos centraremos en los interrogatorios a menores a través de intérprete en Bélgica mediante el análisis cuantitativo de algunas respuestas sobre el papel del intérprete.Esos relatos permiten llevar a cabo un análisis cualitativo que sustenta los resultados cuantitativos y ofrecer una imagen más completa de las necesidades asociadas con ese tipo de entrevistas. La interdisciplinariedad es clave desde el punto de vista de la investigación y el trabajo en equipo lo es desde la perspectiva de la práctica cotidiana de esas entrevistas