Rainfall network optimization in Johor

This paper presents a method for establishing an optimal network design of rain gauge station for the estimation of areal rainfall in Johor. The main problem in this study is minimizing an objective function to determine the optimal number and location for the rain gauge stations. The well-known geostatistics method (variance-reduction method) is used in combination with simulated annealing as an algorithm of optimization. Rainfall data during monsoon season (November – February) for 1975 – 2008 from existing 84 rain gauge stations covering all Johor were used in this study. Result shows that the combination of geostatistics method with simulated annealing successfully managed to determine the optimal number and location of rain gauge station

Comparison of semivariogram models in rain gauge network design

The well-known geostatistics method (variance-reduction method) is com- monly used to determine the optimal rain gauge network. The main problem in geostatis- tics method to determine the best semivariogram model in order to be used in estimating the variance. An optimal choice of the semivariogram model is an important point for a good data evaluation process. Three different semivariogram models which are Spherical, Gaussian and Exponential are used and their performances are compared in this study. Cross validation technique is applied to compute the errors of the semivariograms. Rain- fall data for the period of 1975 – 2008 from the existing 84 rain gauge stations covering the state of Johor are used in this study. The result shows that the exponential model is the best semivariogram model and chosen to determine the optimal number and location of rain gauge station

Single Input Fuzzy Logic Controller For Liquid Slosh Suppression

The chaotic nature of liquid slosh and the complex fluid dynamic motion in the container makes the traditional model-based control techniques complex and difficult to synthesize in practice. This paper presents investigations into the development of single input fuzzy logic controller (SIFLC) for liquid slosh control. The proposed approach, known as the SIFLC, reduces the conventional two-input FLC (CFLC) to a single input single output (SISO) controller. Two parallel SIFLC are developed for both lateral tank position and liquid slosh angle control. With the purpose to confirm the design of control scheme, a liquid slosh model is considered to represent the lateral slosh motion. The performances of the control schemes are accessed in terms of lateral tank tracking capability, level of liquid slosh reduction and time response specifications. Supremacy of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with hybrid model-free Fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter (PIDF). Finally, it is seen from the simulation results that the proposed control scheme has able to reduce the liquid slosh without unambiguously model the liquid slosh behavior

Development Of Biodegradable Plastics For Packaging Using Wastes From Oil Palm And Sugar Cane

This paper presents the comparison of tensile strength and biodegradable test of three different biodegradable plastics made from tapioca starch that mixture with natural fiber such as oil palm fiber and sugar cane fiber. The application of this research is to produce biodegradable plastic packaging for the food industry purpose. Tapioca starch is used as the main ingredient with sugar cane fiber and oil palm fiber mixture and prepared in three different variation. The tensile strength test followed the ASTM D638 standard shown that biodegradable plastic produced with tapioca starch and oil palm fiber had highest tensile strength with 1.122 MPa as compared to biodegradable plastic with tapioca starch and sugar cane fiber that only obtained at 0.290 MPa. However, the combination of the mixture fiber had showed significant improvement at 0.33 MPa. Then these biodegradable plastic is evaluated with biodegradable test followed with ASTM-6400-99 standard

H-infinity controller with graphical LMI region profile for liquid slosh suppression

This paper presents a H-infinity synthesis with pole clustering based on LMI region schemes for liquid slosh control. Using LMI approach, the regional pole placement known as LMI region combined with design objective in H-infinity controller guarantee a fast input tracking capability and very minimal liquid slosh. A graphical profile of the transient response of liquid slosh suppression system with respect to pole placement is very useful in giving more flexibility to the researcher in choosing a specific LMI region. With the purpose to confirm the design of control scheme, a liquid slosh model is considered to represent the lateral slosh movement. Supremacy of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with hybrid model-free fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter. The performance of the control schemes is examined in terms of time response specifications of lateral tank tracking capability and level of liquid slosh reduction

Liquid Slosh Suppression Hardware-in-the-Loop System by Implementing PID Model-Free Controller

Traditionally, the model-based controllers are hard to implement for the container system which contains liquid due to the disordered behavior of the liquid slosh. The purpose of this article is to develop a liquid slosh suppression hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system by implementing model-free PID controller. This system consists of DC motor to actuate the liquid container/tank to the prescribed location in the horizontal movement in the same time minimize the liquid slosh. The feedback signal from the encoder is used for developing the model-free PID controller. The experiment works is done by using LabVIEW and interfaced with hardware via data acquisition card. The performances evaluation of the liquid slosh suppression HIL system are based on the ability of the tank to follow the input in horizontal motion and liquid slosh level reduction. Based on the experimental results, the suggested model-free PID controller is capable to reduce the liquid slosh level in the same time produces fast input tracking of the tank

Performance Analysis of PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller for Unmanned Underwater Vehicle for Depth Control

This paper presents study and discussion of tuning process for PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller for Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) system. Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is considered as an UUV where it is commonly used for detecting and mapping submerged wrecks, rocks, and obstructions that is hazardous to navigation for commercial and recreational vessels. The controllers will be designed to control motor thrusters of the AUV. The paper generally discusses PID and FLC, and the focus stresses more on FLC. Differences between both tuning processes will be discussed in details in this paper by covering method of conducting tuning process. Through the process, performance of the system can be analyzed and studied. The output of the system can be tuned or adjusted to a desired and satisfactory level using both of the methods mentioned. For FLCs, tuning process will be a trial-and-error, by making changes to the mapping of membership functions and fuzzy inference rules whereby PID, tuning can be made to the parameter values of the system

H-infinity controller with graphical LMI region profile for liquid slosh suppression

This paper presents a H-infinity synthesis with pole clustering based on LMI region schemes for liquid slosh control. Using LMI approach, the regional pole placement known as LMI region combined with design objective in H-infinity controller guarantee a fast input tracking capability and very minimal liquid slosh. A graphical profile of the transient response of liquid slosh suppression system with respect to pole placement is very useful in giving more flexibility to the researcher in choosing a specific LMI region. With the purpose to confirm the design of control scheme, a liquid slosh model is considered to represent the lateral slosh movement. Supremacy of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with hybrid model-free fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter. The performance of the control schemes is examined in terms of time response specifications of lateral tank tracking capability and level of liquid slosh reduction

Development Of TEG Peltier Device For Heat Harvesting From 1.5 HP Split Unit Air Conditioning System

In today’s world, recycling energy would be alternative in achieving green environment. Air conditioning shows the biggest energy consumption worldwide. Commonly air conditioning used to maintain indoor temperature. In Malaysia, split unit air conditioning system are famous for small area application. However, the heat release by condensing unit are wasted to the environment. Therefore, one peltier device using thermoelectric generator (TEG) module were develop in this experiment. The aim of this paper are to present the development of peltier device to harvest heat from condensing unit, hence convert it to electricity. The peltier device were sandwich among copper plate sizing 120mm x 60mm x 2mm. The copper plate were brazed at the discharge pipe of compressor and the other side of copper plate were attach to the heat sink where flow through by condensing water from evaporator. Six peltier were arrange respectively between copper plates. 3 case were monitor depended on the ΔT of cooling coil and condenser temperature. The maximum ΔT were observed at case 1, and simultaneously monitored voltage output for each peltier. The maximum 1.61V were collected from the split unit air conditioner after 30 minutes of operation with around 9-10 °C of ΔT. The application of TEG to harvest heat and turn into electricity shows the promising alternative for heat recovery. The current generated may useful for small scale used of electricity for household usage