Autobiographical writing : women write aboute theirselves

Dieser Artikel behandelt zwei deutsche Schriftstellerinnen – Fanny Lewald und Franziska Gräfin zu Reventlow. Sie sind Repräsentantinnen verschiedener Epochen innerhalb der Deutschen Literatur. Beide hinterließen uns ihre Autobiografien, Anekdoten und wir können heute ihre Entwicklung nachvollziehen und ihr heftiges Ringen um Freiheit, Selbstbestimmung und Selbstverwirklichung gegen geschlechtsspezifische Rollenzuweisungen, Abstammung und sozialen Stand miteinander vergleichen.This article is about two German female writers – Fanny Lewald and Franziska Gräfin zu Reventlow. They are representatives of different periods in the German literature. Both of them left us their autobiographies, their self-stories and we can follow today their growing up and compare their difficult ways of struggle for enfranchisement, self-determination and self-realization, against barriers of gender, ethnicity and class

Heinrich von Kleist - in nobody's land

In diesem Artikel soll einer der strittigen Vertreter der deutschen Romantik auf zwei verschiedene Weisen analysiert werden, erstens durch Untersuchung des historischen Rahmens seiner antiken Tragödie "Penthesilea", und zweitens, durch den Vergleich des Werkes mit seiner persöhnlichen romantischen Veranlagung, um die traditionellen und historischen Grenzen des Begriffs "Romantik" zu erweitern.In this article we want to analyze one of the disputable representatives of German romanticism in two different ways, first by investigating the historical parameters of his Antique tragedy "Penthesilea", and second, by comparing his creation in terms of his Romantic-ness, in order to push the traditional and historical boundaries of the concept

Contribution of lifelong learning to company’s value growth

In the context of knowledge based economy and human capital, the paper treats of the relation between lifelong learning and the generation of value for the stockholders. The advantages provided by the financial resources have been exhausted in recent years, so learning and knowledge accumulation have become a major source of economic growth and a key factor ensuring the competitiveness of a company nowadays

Fine Tuned Income Approach in Real Estate Valuation in Emerging Europe: The Case of Bulgaria

The Chamber of Independent Appraisers in Bulgaria adopted the International Valuations Standards of IVSC. The income approach is one of the three approaches for valuation adopted by International Valuation Standards Council (IVS, 2011). It prescribes three methods of the approach: (1) capitalization; (2) discounted cash flows (DCF), and (3) various option valuation models. The DCF application in real estate valuation is illustrated in TIP 1 Discounted Cash Flows of IVS. One of the key input variables in the DCF method is the discount rate. IVS in paragraph 21 in TP 1 presents the capital asset pricing model as a method for estimation of the cost of equity. The CAPM could be adjusted for country risk and other specific firm risks. The focus of our study is on the main considerations behind the appropriate determination of the discount rate when performing real estate valuations throughout the Income Approach. We propose a model, which is a modification of the Salomon Smith Barney model for cost of capital determination. The model reflects the following characteristics: (1) the degree of diversification of the particular investor (imperfectly diversified); (2) country risk; (3) firm specific risks; and (4) time varying risk nature. The first assumption of the model is that the Bulgarian financial market is partially integrated into the Global market. Our second assumption is that the purchase parity holds in the long run. The lack of size effect is the third assumption. The inputs of the model have as a source only publicly available data. The systematic country risk indicator is the Index of Economic Freedom of the Heritage Foundation. The Global equity risk premium is obtained from the Credit Suisse Global Investment Returns Yearbook. The equity risk premium is adjusted with the ratio between the unconditional long run standard deviation of the company and the unconditional long run standard deviation of the global portfolio. The unconditional long run standard deviation is a square root of the unconditional long run variance, which is derived from the AR(1)-GARCH (1,1) model with non-normal distributed residuals. The econometric model incorporates the non-synchronous effect and time varying risk. An illustration of the proposed model is the case of U.S. investor who considers an investment in a couple of Bulgarian REITs

Intellectual Capital and value Creation – Evidence from Companies Listed at BSE

In this paper we apply measurements of intellectual capital focusing on the human capital efficiency (HCE), the structural capital efficiency (SCE), the intellectual capital efficiency (ICE) and the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC TM ) developed by Pulic (2000; 2004) for non-financial companies listed at Bulgarian Stock Exchange (BSE) using accounting data published with their financial statements for the period 2003-2009. The research is focused on companies in the manufacturing industry in order to derive any particularities in the measurements. The financial industry is excluded from the study as being specific. At this moment and to our knowledge, there’s no significant research on the value added of intellectual capital of Bulgarian non – financial industry. We extended the formula of intellectual capital valuation and arrived at the conclusion that intellectual capital is playing an important role in the value creation process in some companies listed at BSE

INHIBITOR BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS IN DYNAMIC MODE

The biosensor amperometric transducers can work in the case of three basic types of reversible inhibitor enzyme systems – with competitive inhibition, with non-competitive inhibition and mixed inhibition. Tipicaly they work in static mode. Now they are investigated in dynamic mode. In the paper are investigated the influence of starting concentration of inhibitor over output current of the biosensor with three type inhibition enzyme kinetic in dynamic mode. Those kinetic is generally discussed in terms of a simple extension to the Michaelis-Menten reaction scheme. The biosensor is amperometric product sensitive. Solving system of non-linear partial differential equations is reseived in three dimensional size and the concentration profiles of substrate S(x,t), inhibitor I(x,t) and product P(x,t) are reseived. The models are described in non stationary diffusion conditions. The systems of non-linear differential partial equations are solved numerically in MATLAB medium. In the 3D vision are given reagents concentration changing in the active membrane

The objective uncertainty of the market values of real estate (in the example of a developed and an emerging market)

This report is devoted to uncertainty of market valuations and its impact to the reports prepared by practicing real estate appraisers in the United States and Bulgaria. The essential thing here is that in the USA are applicable the U.S. appraisal standards (Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice - USPAP), and in Bulgaria, from the beginning of 2014, the International Valuation Standards – IVS. On this basis, the investigation focuses on the different concepts of the real estate value and the methods of its determination; potential advantages and issues in the light of the application of different standards; understanding the valuation uncertainty as a possibility for an asset estimated value to differ from the price that would be received from the sale of this asset in the same conditions, time and market environment in which the valuation was made. The purpose of the selected subject and approach in this report is to increase consistency and transparency of practices and methods for the valuation of real estates globally

Spectral modeling of scintillator for the NEMO-3 and SuperNEMO detectors

We have constructed a GEANT4-based detailed software model of photon transport in plastic scintillator blocks and have used it to study the NEMO-3 and SuperNEMO calorimeters employed in experiments designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay. We compare our simulations to measurements using conversion electrons from a calibration source of $\rm ^{207}Bi$ and show that the agreement is improved if wavelength-dependent properties of the calorimeter are taken into account. In this article, we briefly describe our modeling approach and results of our studies.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Microfluidics based phantoms of superficial vascular network

Several new bio-photonic techniques aim to measure flow in the human vasculature non-destructively. Some of these tools, such as laser speckle imaging or Doppler optical coherence tomography, are now reaching the clinical stage. Therefore appropriate calibration and validation techniques dedicated to these particular measurements are therefore of paramount importance. In this paper we introduce a fast prototyping technique based on laser micromachining for the fabrication of dynamic flow phantoms. Micro-channels smaller than 20 µm in width can be formed in a variety of materials such as epoxies, plastics, and household tape. Vasculature geometries can be easily and quickly modified to accommodate a particular experimental scenario