Superluminal solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation and a causality problem

We present a new axially symmetric monochromatic free-space solution to the Klein-Gordon equation propagating with a superluminal group velocity and show that it gives rise to an imaginary part of the causal propagator outside the light cone. We address the question about causality of the spacelike paths and argue that the signal with a well-defined wavefront formed by the superluminal modes would propagate in vacuum with the light speed.Comment: to be published in Physics Letters A, an additional reference to the paper by Buttiker and Washbur

Improving the efficiency of the unit of the Zaporizhzhia NPP with a WWER–1000 reactor

Improving the efficiency of the unit of the Zaporizhzhia NPP with a WWER–1000 reactor, by reducing the water temperature at the inlet to the condenser. The work describes the description of the NPP and the nuclear power reactor WWER–1000, by reducing the water temperature at the inlet to the condenser. Detailed neutron–physical calculation of the nuclear power unit with WWER–1000 reactor with a turbine installation K–1000 –⁶0⁄3000. The influence of the temperature of cooling water on the input to the capacitor and the load on the efficiency of the turbine installation and the flow of steam and heat to the turbine installation is established.Ефективність роботи блоку Запорізької АЕС з реактором ВВЕР–1000 шляхом зменшення температури води на вході в конденсатор. Наведено опис АЕС та ядерного енергетичного реактора ВВЕР–1000. Виконано детальний нейтронно–фізичний розрахунок ядерного енергоблоку з реактором ВВЕР–1000 з турбоустановкою К–1000–60⁄3000. Встановлено вплив температури охолоджуючої води на ККД, витрату пари і теплоти на турбоустановки.Эффективность работы блока Запорожской АЭС с реактором ВВЭР–1000 возможно повысить в результате уменьшения температуры воды на входе в конденсатор. Приведено описание работы АЭС и ядерного энергетического реактора ВВЭР–1000. Выполнен детальный нейтронно-физический расчет ядерного энергоблока с реактором ВВЭР–1000 турбоустановки К–1000–60⁄3000. Установлено влияние температуры охлаждающей воды на КПД, расход пара и теплоту турбоустановки

Fluorapophyllite-(Cs), CsCa₄(Si₈O₂₀)F(H₂O)₈, a new apophyllite-group mineral from the Darai-Pioz Massif, Tien-Shan, Northern Tajikistan

Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) (IMA 2018-108a), ideally CsCa4(Si8O20)F(H2O)(8), is an apophyllite-group mineral from the moraine of the Darai-Pioz glacier, Tien-Shan, Northern Tajikistan. Associated minerals are quartz, pectolite, baratovite, aegirine, leucosphenite, pyrochlore, neptunite, fluorapophyllite-(K), and reedmergnerite. Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) is a hydrothermal mineral. It is colorless and has a vitreous luster and a white streak. Cleavage is perfect; it is brittle and has a stepped fracture. Mohs hardness is 4.5-5. D-meas. = 2.54(2) g/cm(3), D-calc. = 2.513 g/cm(3). Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) is unixial (+) with refractive indices (lambda = 589 nm) omega = 1.540(2), epsilon = 1.544(2). It is non-pleochroic. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe gave SiO2 48.78, Al2O3 0.05, CaO 22.69, Cs2O 10.71, K2O 1.13, Na2O 0.04, F 1.86, H2Ocalc. 14.61, -O=F2 -0.78, sum 99.09 wt.%; H2O was calculated from crystal-structure analysis. The empirical formula based on 29 (O + F) apfu, H2O = 8 pfu, is (Cs0.75K0.24)Sigma(0.99)(Ca3.99Na0.01)Sigma(4)(Si8.01Al0.01)Sigma 8.02O20.03F0.97(H2O)8, Z = 2. The simplified formula is (Cs,K)(Ca,Na)(4)(Si,Al) 8 O20F(H2O)(8). Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) is tetragonal, space group P4/mnc, a 9.060(6), c 15.741(11) angstrom, V 1292.10(19) angstrom(3). The crystal structure has been refined to R-1 = 4.31% based on 498 unique (F-o > 4 sigma F) reflections. In the crystal structure of fluorapophyllite-(Cs), there is one [4] T site occupied solely by Si,,T-O. = 1.615 angstrom. SiO4 tetrahedra link to form a (Si8O20)(8-)sheet perpendicular to [001]. Between the Si-O sheets, there are two cation sites: A and B. The A site is coordinated by eight H2O groups [O(4) site], A-O(4) = 3.152(4) angstrom; the A site contains Cs(0.75)K(0.24)A(0.01 square 0.01), ideally Cs apfu. The Cs-O bond length of 3.152 angstrom is definitely larger than the K-O bond length of 2.966-2.971 angstrom in fluorapophyllite-(K), KCa4(Si8O20)F(H2O)8. The [7]B site contains Ca3.99Na0.01, ideally Ca-4 apfu; < B-phi > = 2.417 angstrom (phi = O, F, H2O). The Si-O sheets connect via A and B polyhedra and hydrogen bonding; two H atoms have been included in the refinement. Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) is isostructural with fluorapophyllite-(K). Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) is a Cs-analogue of fluorapophyllite-(K)

Seebeck’s effect in p-SiGe whisker samples

p-SiGe whisker samples with a diameter of ~40 μm, grown by chemical precipitation from the vapor phase, have been investigated. Temperature dependences of the thermal e.m.f. and conductivity within the temperature interval 20…400 K have been measured. It has been shown that the mobility of holes in p - SiGe whiskers upon the average is 1.5 times higher than that in bulk p - Si samples. p - SiGe whiskers possess smaller phonon scattering and larger phonon dragging in comparison with the bulk p - Si samples

Spin alignment of K∗(892)±K^*(892)^\pm mesons produced in neutron-carbon interactions

A new precise measurements of spin density matrix element $\rho_{00}$ of $K^*(892)^{\pm}$ mesons produced inclusively in neutron-carbon interactions at \~60 GeV have been carried out in the EXCHARM experiment at the Serpukhov accelerator. The values of $\rho_{00}$ obtained in the transversity frame are $0.424\pm0.011(stat)\pm0.018(sys)$ for $K^*(892)^+$ and $0.393\pm0.025(stat)\pm0.018(sys)$ for $K^*(892)^-$. Significant $P_T$ dependence of $\rho_{00}$ has been observed in $K^*(892)^+$ production.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, 3 eps figure

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Intensification of the process of decomposition of oil-water emulsions stabilized with hydrochloric acid

The major goal of oil and gas companies working in the oilfields on the late stages of development is to maintain a high level of hydrocarbon production. Analysis of well intervention techniques (WITs) in the oilfields of the Samara Region shows that most often the bottomhole area is treated with reagents containing hydrochloric acid, which significantly effects the efficiency of well fluid preparation processes. The paper summarizes the results of studies of the impact of hydrochloric acid on the rheological and near-surface properties of water-in-oil emulsions (WOEs). It is shown that the presence of acid and/or products of its reaction with the oil increases the stability of the water-in-oil emulsion. To enhance the process of decomposition of the water-in-oil emulsion stabilized with hydrochloric acid, a reagent was developed based on the non-ionic surfactants, alkaline agent and solvent, providing a significant reduction of the viscosity of water-in-oil emulsions and improving the efficiency of their decomposition