Gains From Training in Phonological Awareness in Kindergarten Predict Reading Comprehension in Grade 9

The effects of a kindergarten training program in phonological awareness with 209 Swedish-speaking children were followed up until the end of Grade 9. Initial levels of letter knowledge and phonological awareness were positively associated with the level of decoding skill in Grade 3 but not with its growth afterward. The intervention group performed significantly better in decoding in Grade 3, and the difference was maintained until Grade 6. The trained children also scored higher in Grade 9 reading comprehension. Although the results give empirical support for a connection between early phonological awareness training, later word decoding development, and still later reading comprehension, the theoretical explanation for the link between especially word decoding and reading comprehension is far from clear.</p

Carbon, biodiversity, and livelihoods in forest commons: synergies, trade-offs, and implications for REDD+

Understanding the relationships and tradeoffs among management outcomes in forest commons has assumed new weight in the context of parallels between the objectives of community forest management and those of reduced emissions for deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) programs to reduce carbon emissions while supporting local livelihoods. We examine the association between biophysical, demographic, institutional and socio-economic variables and three distinct forest management outcomes of interest to both community forestry and REDD+ advocates—carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and livelihood benefits—in 56 forest commons in Nepal. REDD+ programs aim foremost to increase forest carbon storage and sequestration, but also seek to improve forest biodiversity, and to contribute to local livelihood benefits. The success of REDD+ programs can therefore be defined by improvements in one or more of these dimensions, while satisfying the principle of ‘do no harm’ in the others. We find that each outcome is associated with a different set of independent variables. This suggests that there is a need for policy-makers to clearly define their desired outcomes and to target their interventions accordingly. Our research points to the complex ways in which different factors relate to forest outcomes and has implications for the large number of cases where REDD+ projects are being implemented in the context of community forestry

Penggunaan Metode Semiempirik AM1 Untuk Pemilihan Monomer Fungsional Efektif Pada Prasintesis Polimer Tercetak Diazinon

Pemilihan monomer fungsional yang efektif untuk sintesis Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP)untuk diazinon dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan kimia komputasi dengan menerapkan metode semiempirik AM1. Proses seleksi menggunakan parametermomen dipol, energi interaksi, dan ikatan hidrogen yang terbentuk. Energi interaksi yang optimum menunjukkan kompleks yang terbentuk stabildan mengindikasikan MIP akan dapat terbentuk baik.Semua perhitungan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Hyperchem 7.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan monomer fungsional efektif untuk prasintesis polimer tercetak diazinon yaitu akrilamida, asam akrilat, asam metakrilat, hidroksi etil metakrilat, asam urokanat, asam itakonat, dan asam urokanat etil ester. Hasil ini secara teoritik dapat memberikan informasi mengenai monomer fungsional efektif yang dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan sintesis MIP untuk diazinon dengan selektivitas relatif baik

Performance of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) hybrids for yield and quality in the Utkal plain region of Odisha state, India

Cocos nucifera L. is a perennial oil yielding crop with a long productive life span (&gt;60 years); thus, identifying a suitable high yielding hybrid to a particular agro-climatic region plays a prime role in achieving sustainable coconut yield. In this context, an evaluation trial with varietal cross combinations involving Tall × Dwarf (six crosses) and Dwarf × Tall (two crosses) was conducted at All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Palms, Bhubaneshwar Centre, Odisha, for 15 years. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications maintaining six palms per replication. Observations on yield and yield attributing characters during 2018 to 2020 revealed the superior performance of ECT × GBGD (99.1 nuts), which was followed by ECT × MYD (86.9 nuts) over the local check (ECT) by recording higher nut yield. Copra output per palm was significantly the highest under ECT × GBGD (20.6 kg palm-1), followed by LCT × COD (18.6 kg palm-1). Hybrids possessed a higher quantity of organoleptically ‘good’ tender nut water (270.3 to 354.1 mL) with TSS of 5.8 to 6.9 °Brix, 25.4 to 34.0 ppm of sodium and 2065.9 to 2885.0 ppm of potassium

First record of Trachicephalus uranoscopus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Chilika lagoon, Odisha coast of India

1335-1337The present study deals with the first record of Trachicephalus uranoscopus and its morphological descriptions from Chilika lagoon, Odisha coast of India. The species (T. uranoscopus) as well as the family (Synanceiidae) are new additions to the ichthyofaunal diversity of the lagoon

Irreducible second and third metatarsophalangeal dislocation: a rare case report

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) articulations are complex structures that are prone to sprains, subluxations, and dislocations. MTP dislocations are an uncommon but well documented and problematic orthopaedic injury. Once the diagnosis is certain, the dislocation should be reduced as soon as possible. Immediate reduction of the dislocation can limit numerous complications. A 24-year-old male patients came to emergency department of Sanglah Hospital with 2nd and 3rd MTP joint dislocation. Patient treated with open reduction and immobilization with pinning for 2nd and 3rd metatarsal. After several attempt of closed reduction, the dislocation can be reduce with open reduction and immobilization with k wire, after 4 weeks k wire was removed without any complication and patient can walk normally. Irreducible metatarsophalangeal dislocation of the lesser toes is unusual with third toe was the most commonly affected, followed by the second, fourth, and fifth toes. Radiographs are very useful for diagnose. Multiple procedures have been created to attempt to reduce and stabilize the MP joint. According to other studies, Kirschner wires were also only used in unstable dislocations. In this case, dorsal surgical approach is the most commonly chosen method to reduce the irreducible metatarsophalangeal joint dislocations of the lesser toes. When irreducible dislocation found and closed reduction is initially unsuccessful, we recommend a dorsal surgical approach to open reduction and using Kirschner wires for unstable dislocations

Ab initio linear scaling response theory: Electric polarizability by perturbed projection

A linear scaling method for calculation of the static {\em ab inito} response within self-consistent field theory is developed and applied to calculation of the static electric polarizability. The method is based on density matrix perturbation theory [Niklasson and Challacombe, cond-mat/0311591], obtaining response functions directly via a perturbative approach to spectral projection. The accuracy and efficiency of the linear scaling method is demonstrated for a series of three-dimensional water clusters at the RHF/6-31G** level of theory. Locality of the response under a global electric field perturbation is numerically demonstrated by approximate exponential decay of derivative density matrix elements.Comment: 4.25 pages in PRL format, 2 figure

Annihilation and Control of Chiral Domain Walls with Magnetic Fields

The control of domain walls is central to nearly all magnetic technologies, particularly for information storage and spintronics. Creative attempts to increase storage density need to overcome volatility due to thermal fluctuations of nanoscopic domains and heating limitations. Topological defects, such as solitons, skyrmions, and merons, may be much less susceptible to fluctuations, owing to topological constraints, while also being controllable with low current densities. Here, we present the first evidence for soliton/soliton and soliton/antisoliton domain walls in the hexagonal chiral magnet Mn1/3NbS2 that respond asymmetrically to magnetic fields and exhibit pair-annihilation. This is important because it suggests the possibility of controlling the occurrence of soliton pairs and the use of small fields or small currents to control nanoscopic magnetic domains. Specifically, our data suggest that either soliton/soliton or soliton/antisoliton pairs can be stabilized by tuning the balance between intrinsic exchange interactions and long-range magnetostatics in restricted geometriesComment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Breathomics—exhaled volatile organic compound analysis to detect hepatic encephalopathy : a pilot study

he current diagnostic challenge with diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is identifying those with minimal HE as opposed to the more clinically apparent covert/overt HE. Rifaximin, is an effective therapy but earlier identification and treatment of HE could prevent liver disease progression and hospitalization. Our pilot study aimed to analyse breath samples of patients with different HE grades, and controls, using a portable electronic (e) nose. 42 patients were enrolled; 22 with HE and 20 controls. Bedside breath samples were captured and analysed using an uvFAIMS machine (portable e-nose). West Haven criteria applied and MELD scores calculated. We classify HE patients from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 (0.73-0.95) and 0.68 (0.51-0.81) respectively, AUROC 0.84 (0.75-0.93). Minimal HE was distinguishable from covert/overt HE with sensitivity of 0.79 and specificity of 0.5, AUROC 0.71 (0.57-0.84). This pilot study has highlighted the potential of breathomics to identify VOCs signatures in HE patients for diagnostic purposes. Importantly this was performed utilizing a non-invasive, portable bedside device and holds potential for future early HE diagnosis