Mobility as a Service: Implications for future mainstream public transport

Bundled offerings that facilitate using multiple means for solving everyday travel needs are proposed to hold potential to facilitate a modal shift from private cars to servitized transport modes, including public transport (PT). However, this type of offering, often coined Mobility as a Service (MaaS), may require new forms of partnerships, in which private actors play a larger role in the creation of public value. Accordingly, based on input from 19 interviews with MaaS actors in West Sweden, this paper explores how MaaS could develop and how future mainstream PT might be affected. Three predictive scenarios are identified – market-driven, public-controlled and public-private – and the impact on PT, in terms of the scope, usage, access, business model, competence structure and brand value, are discussed in relation to these. The paper also illustrates that the development of MaaS in Sweden seems to take the public-private route. Lastly, the authors conclude that finding a regulatory ‘sweet spot’ that drives innovation and secures public benefits will be key for future development.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Functional and molecular profiling of hematopoietic stem cells during regeneration

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) enable hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) through their ability to replenish the entire blood system. Proliferation of HSCs is linked to decreased reconstitution potential, and a precise regulation of actively dividing HSCs is thus essential to ensure long-term functionality. This regulation becomes important in the transplantation setting where HSCs undergo proliferation followed by a gradual transition to quiescence and homeostasis. Although mouse HSCs have been well studied under homeostatic conditions, the mechanisms regulating HSC activation under stress remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the different phases of regeneration after transplantation. We isolated bone marrow from mice at 8 time points after transplantation and examined the reconstitution dynamics and transcriptional profiles of stem and progenitor populations. We found that regenerating HSCs initially produced rapidly expanding progenitors and displayed distinct changes in fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis. Moreover, we observed molecular changes in cell cycle, MYC and mTOR signaling in both HSCs, and progenitor subsets. We used a decay rate model to fit the temporal transcription profiles of regenerating HSCs and identified genes with progressively decreased or increased expression after transplantation. These genes overlapped to a large extent with published gene sets associated with key aspects of HSC function, demonstrating the potential of this data set as a resource for identification of novel HSC regulators. Taken together, our study provides a detailed functional and molecular characterization of HSCs at different phases of regeneration and identifies a gene set associated with the transition from proliferation to quiescence.</p