A Successful TOD Will Reinforce Both The Community & The Transit System?

The three cases of transit-oriented development (TOD) were selected either because they represent comparable rail station types (and/or physical settings) or because certain types of implementation tools were used to make transit-oriented development happen. In looking for comparable examples of TOD in Perth City, specific station area characteristics were evaluated: • whether the station is underground, at-grade or elevated • how many people use the station • surrounding urban form and land us, and, • other transportation connections that are provided This paper presents detailed case studies of representative TOD projects throughout Perth. The experiences of transit operators, and local authorities, with TOD will help Perth establish a planning framework and to take action toward station-area development. This paper provides background for the case studies by defining transit-oriented development, describing the methodology for choosing the specific case study areas and establishing the framework for analysing individual station areas. This analysis of TOD case studies looks at a variety of transit operators and suburban station types throughout Perth. Although the case studies make reference to many exemplary station-area projects within the transit corridors served the following stations are reviewed in the most detail: 1. Esplanade 2. Murdoch 3. Cockburn Central The selected stations are located in dense urban areas, with limited provision for parking and ride, consistent with the proposed characteristics of Perth’s transit system.Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies. Faculty of Economics and Business. The University of Sydne

Stacked thin layers of metaphase chromatin explain the geometry of chromosome rearrangements and banding

The three-dimensional organization of tightly condensed chromatin within metaphase chromosomes has been one of the most challenging problems in structural biology since the discovery of the nucleosome. This study shows that chromosome images obtained from typical banded karyotypes and from different multicolour cytogenetic analyses can be used to gain information about the internal structure of chromosomes. Chromatin bands and the connection surfaces in sister chromatid exchanges and in cancer translocations are planar and orthogonal to the chromosome axis. Chromosome stretching produces band splitting and even the thinnest bands are orthogonal and well defined, indicating that short stretches of DNA can occupy completely the chromosome cross-section. These observations impose strong physical constraints on models that attempt to explain chromatin folding in chromosomes. The thin-plate model, which consists of many stacked layers of planar chromatin perpendicular to the chromosome axis, is compatible with the observed orientation of bands, with the existence of thin bands, and with band splitting; it is also compatible with the orthogonal orientation and planar geometry of the connection surfaces in chromosome rearrangements. The results obtained provide a consistent interpretation of the chromosome structural properties that are used in clinical cytogenetics for the diagnosis of hereditary diseases and cancers

The Role of Teaching Lexical Collocations in Raising EFL Learners’ Speaking Fluency

Collocations and its relations to learning English language have attracted the attention of linguists and scholars so far. This paper investigates the importance of teaching lexical collocations to improve EFL learners’ oral fluency. The hypothesis is that knowing collocations specifically lexical collocations and collocational usage in the right order would eventually improve their oral fluency and helps them speak as natural as native speakers of English language. The paper sheds light on the origins of collocations, its types, and patterns. It also clarifies the difference and relations of collocations with other phraseological combinations such as free combinations, idioms, phrasal verbs, proverbs and lexical bundles. Moreover, it focuses on the effect of lexical collocations on speaking skills, fluency, and accuracy. Besides, another part of the thesis contains describing the ways of teaching collocations and raising students’ awareness of collocations. Furthermore, it highlights the sources of making mistakes and the importance of how to rectify the mistakes or mis-collocations

What-If Analysis: Decision-Making Model of Closed Loop Supply Chain under Uncertainty Conditions

Decision making is one of the key tasks in managerial outcomes whereby the effect of any decision matters a lot on the strategic dimensions of the organization. In recent years, due to increased environmental concerns, government regulations and natural resource constraints, and the impact of green laws, the supply chain has been attracting increasing attention. Given that the supplier plays an important role in the supply chain, if it is faced with the risk and disruption of the harmful and important impacts on the supply chain, it is necessary to study and study these conditions. Hence, in this paper, the problem of designing a closed loop supply chain network in terms of supply risk is discussed. In any decision, there are multiple perspectives or variables while are closely associated and these variables decide the overall impact on the scenario. For managerial decision making, there are assorted approaches which are used widely including sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis and many others. This research manuscript is focusing on the aspects of what-if analysis and associated decision making models under uncertainty. The manuscript covers the hidden patterns and perspectives which are mandatory to be associated and included in the process of decision making