'Projecting the future in German art historiography of the nineteenth century: Franz Kugler, Karl Schnaase, and Gottfried Semper'

In the mid-nineteenth century Franz Kugler and Karl Schnaase decisively shaped the conception of art history as a discipline. Both explored connections between art of former epochs and that of the present. They understood the art of their day to be the result of a tradition of modernity based on the Renaissance and pointing into the future. Schnaase took an evolutionistic view similar to that of the architect Gottfried Semper: both advised against planning a programmatic new style. For Semper, the potential of new developments lay in the continuation of design patterns inherited from the earliest humans

De la portada románica de la Transfiguración al Pórtico de la Gloria. Nuevas investigaciones sobre la fachada occidental de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela

Se presentan nuevos argumentos sobre la hipótesis de una primera fachada occidental románica dedicada a la Transfiguración en la catedral de Santiago de Compostela, ya construida a principios del siglo XII. Se confirma así la descripción dada por la Guía de Peregrinos del Códice Calixtino, hacia 1135. Con su sustitución por el Pórtico de la Gloria a partir de 1168, Fernando II de León imprimió un sello real al templo, en un intento de afirmar su hegemonía en el conjunto de los reinos hispánicos.The article presents new arguments for the assumption that a first Romanesque western façade, dedicated to the Transfiguration, of the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, had been built in the beginning of the twelfth century, which has been described by the Pilgrim 's Guide of the Codex Calixtinus, written around 1135. This portal was replaced by the Pórtico de la Gloria from 1168 onwards. With this lavish construction, Fernando II of León left a royal imprint on the cathedral in view of the pretended his hegemony within the Spanish realms

De Santiago de Compostela a León: modelos de innovación en la arquitectura medieval española. Un intento historiográfico más allá de los conceptos de estilo

De Santiago de Compostela a León: modelos de innovación en la arquitectura medieval española. Un intento historiográfico más allá de los conceptos de estil

Novel high-temperature, high-vacuum, all-metal sample cells for microcalorimetric measurements of solids

The design of a novel microcalorimetric sample cell which allows rapid transfer of heat from the sample to the cell wall is described. The solid sample is dispersed around the internal walls of the cell. Since the thermopiles of the microcalorimeter are in contact with the outer surface of the cell, the new design of the cell allows rapid recording of the heat generated by the sample. The robust all-metal cell allows in situ sample activation under conditions of high vacuum and at temperatures up to 500 °C. The dispersion of the sample avoids any “deep bed” effects where gas may not be able to diffuse freely to the surface of all of the sample, which may be the case when a thick layer or plug of the sample is used. The cell enables faster acquisition of heat data and minimizes effects of self-heating of the sample. A simple tool, which assists the introduction of the solid sample into the cell and a compact resistor-element, which fits inside the cell for calibration, are described

Zločin i mentalni poremećaj na suprotnim obalama Jadrana: moralno ludilo (moral insanity) u talijanskim i hrvatskim psihijatrijskim diskursima

In the 19th century, fervid debates arose in the young psychiatric science about how to deal with and to scientifically categorize human behaviour which was perceived as dangerous to society, and as criminal. There were two concepts that stood out in these transnationally held discussions; namely moral insanity and later on, psychopathy. Following recent approaches in the cultural and social history of psychiatry, we understand moral insanity and psychopathy as social constructs, which are determined by the evolution in psychiatric knowledge, and also by laws, codes and social norms of particular historical timeframes. Our task is to discuss the evolution and adoption of these concepts in two linguistically different, but still historically profoundly entangled regions, namely in Italian and Croatian psychiatric discourses at the turn from the 19th to the 20th century. Our analysis of two of the most important medical and psychiatric journals of the time shows that psychiatric debates on antisocial and criminal behaviour were in numerous ways entangled and shaped by the way the two societies scientifically, legally, and institutionally struggled over the question of how to detect and control the mentally incapacitated criminal offender.Unutar devetnaestostoljetne, novoosnovane psihijatrijske znanosti nastaju gorljive rasprave o tome kako se skrbiti i znanstveno kategorizirati ljudsko ponašanje koje se percipiralo kao opasno za društvo i/ili kao kriminalno. Dva su se koncepta isticala u tim međunacionalnim raspravama: moralna ludost i, u kasnijem razdoblju, psihopatija. U skladu sa suvremenim pristupima u kulturnoj i društvenoj povijesti psihijatrije, moralno ludilo i psihopatiju tumačimo kao društvene konstrukte onoga vremena određene razvojem psihijatrijskog znanja, ali i zakonima, propisima i društvenim normama toga povijesnog okvira. Osnovni je zadatak ovoga rada analiza evolucije i usvajanja navedenih pojmova u dva jezično različita, ali još uvijek povijesno duboko isprepletena prostora: talijanski i hrvatski psihijatrijski diskurs na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće. Naša analiza dvaju najvažnijih medicinskih i psihijatrijskih časopisa toga vremena pokazuje da su psihijatrijske rasprave o antisocijalnom i kriminalnom ponašanju na različite načine bile oblikovane prema tome kako su se dva društva znanstveno, pravno i institucionalno odnosila prema pitanju otkrivanja i kontroliranja mentalno onesposobljenih počinitelja