Anticuerpos séricos contra la enfermedad de Newcastle e Influenza Aviar en aves rapaces de Chile.

Objetivo. Detectar la presencia de anticuerpos séricos sanguíneos contra los virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC) e Influenza aviar (IA), para comprender la contribución de las aves silvestres en la transmisión de estos virus en Chile. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 63 aves pertenecientes a los órdenes Falconiformes y Strigiformes desde centros de rehabilitación de aves de las zonas central y sur de Chile. Se realizaron las pruebas de inhibición de la hemoaglutinación (IHA) para detectar anticuerpos contra el virus ENC e inmunodifusión en gel agar (IDGA) y ELISA para IA. Resultados. Se detectaron 14 aves positivas (22.2%) para anticuerpos séricos contra el virus de la ENC. En cambio, no se registraron anticuerpos séricos sanguíneos para el virus de la IA. Conclusiones. La presencia de aves rapaces positivas en los centros de rescate a los anticuerpos séricos contra el virus de la ENC puede ser explicada por el consumo de carne de pollos que han sido vacunados contra ENC o consumo de aves que han adquirido directamente el virus vacunal a través de los distintos procedimientos de administración (aerosoles, bebederos) de la vacuna o por el ingreso a los centros de rescate de aves rapaces migratorias, las que podrían facilitar la diseminación de la infección desde los países de origen, hecho que debe ser investigado

Aves asociadas al Aeropuerto Carriel Sur de Talcahuano, sur de Chile: evaluación de peligro aviario

Between the summer 2002 and 2005 was evaluated the richness and abundance of birds associated to the Carriel Sur Airport of Talcahuano and was estimated the collision risk representing each species for air navigation. Birds were counted in 10 count points distributed in different habitats around the landing runways. The collision risk was estimated by the Avian Hazard Index (AHI) which combines size, abundance and history of collisions of each species. During the study period 63 species were recorded, plus 10 aditional species were recorded after summer 2005. The most abundant species were the Grassland Yellow-Finch, Kelp Gull, Southern Lapwing Long-tailed Meadowlark (28%, 14%, 10%, 8% of all individual records). Excepting Kelp Gull, all remaining species exhibited seasonal cycles of abundance. The Kelp Gull showed multiyear outbreaks triggered. The species representing a higher collision risk for air navigation are the Kelp Gull (API = 36), Southern Lapwing (AHI = 24), South American Tern (AHI = 16), Black Vulture (AHI = 12), Neotropic Cormorant (AHI = 9) and Chimango Caracara (AHI = 8). However, the each species’ AHI varied temporally from very high to very low values according to changes in abundance. This study reflects the need for long-term assessments of changes in population size of bird species to better approximate the risk of bird-aircraft collisions.Entre el verano de 2002 y 2005 se evaluó la riqueza y abundancia de aves asociadas al Aeropuerto Carriel Sur de Talcahuano y se estimó el riesgo de colisión que representaría cada especie para la aeronavegación. Las aves fueron contabilizadas en 10 puntos de conteos distribuidos en distintos hábitats alrededor del las pistas de aterrizaje. El riesgo de colisión fue estimado mediante el índice de peligro aviario (IPA) el cual combina tamaño, abundancia e historial de colisiones de cada especie. Durante el periodo de estudio se registraron 63 especies, mas 10 especies que fueron registradas después del verano de 2005. Las especies más abundantes fueron el chirigüe, la gaviota dominicana, el queltehue y la loica (28%, 14%, 10%, 8% del total de registros individuales). Con excepción de la gaviota dominicana, todas las especies exhibieron ciclos estacionales de abundancia. La gaviota dominicana mostró irrupciones multianuales aparentemente por factores ambientales no bien determinados. Las especies que representarían un mayor riesgo de colisión para la aeronavegación son la gaviota dominicana (IPA = 36), el queltehue (IPA = 24), el gaviotín sudamericano (IPA = 16), el jote de cabeza negra (IPA = 12), el yeco (IPA = 9) y el tiuque (IPA = 8). Sin embargo, el IPA de cada especie varió temporalmente desde valores muy altos a valores muy bajos según los cambios de abundancia. Este estudio refleja la necesidad de evaluaciones de largo plazo de los cambios en el tamaño poblacional de especies de aves para una mejor aproximación del riesgo de colisiones aves-aeronaves

Visceral Adipose Tissue: At the Intersection of Lipoprotein Associated CV Risk

Objectives: Internet can accelerate information exchange. Social networks are the most accessed especially Facebook. This kind of networks might create dependency with several negative consequences in people’s life. The aim of this study was to assess potential association between Facebook dependence and poor sleep quality. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross sectional study was performed enrolling undergraduate students of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. The Internet Addiction Questionnaire, adapted to the Facebook case, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, were used. A global score of 6 or greater was defined as the cutoff to determine poor sleep quality. Generalized linear model were used to determine prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A total of 418 students were analyzed; of them, 322 (77.0%) were women, with a mean age of 20.1 (SD: 2.5) years. Facebook dependence was found in 8.6% (95% CI: 5.9%–11.3%), whereas poor sleep quality was present in 55.0% (95% CI: 50.2%–59.8%). A significant association between Facebook dependence and poor sleep quality mainly explained by daytime dysfunction was found (PR = 1.31; IC95%: 1.04–1.67) after adjusting for age, sex and years in the faculty. Conclusions: There is a relationship between Facebook dependence and poor quality of sleep. More than half of students reported poor sleep quality. Strategies to moderate the use of this social network and to improve sleep quality in this population are needed.Revisión por pare

Creencias culturales que dificultan una adecuada atención del embarazo y parto de las pacientes gestantes del Hospital de Espinar-Cusco 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado Creencias Culturales que dificultan una adecuada atención del Embarazo y Parto de las pacientes Gestantes del Hospital de Espinar-Cusco 2018, es un estudio realizado en base a las atenciones realizadas, durante el embarazo parto y post parto a pacientes del hospital de Espinar-Cusco, se ha determinado su importancia debido a que la mortalidad materno infantil es un problema de salud pública y de suma importancia en nuestro país, particularmente en las comunidades afectadas por la pobreza, exclusión social, además del escaso acceso a los servicios de salud, ya sea por la distancia de la vivienda al Centro de Salud o por la no confianza hacia los profesionales de la salud, entre otros problemas. Así mismo el fuerte arraigo a sus costumbres y creencias que ellas tienen en cuanto a su atención en el proceso de su embarazo, es por lo cual se trabaja con una metodología descriptiva, analítica y descriptiva con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, utilizando la técnica de la encuesta a un muestra de 131 gestantes que acuden al hospital de Espinar, llegando a la conclusión. Las creencias culturales dificultan la adecuada atención de la gestante ya que un tercio de las encuestadas tienen arraigadas sus creencias lo que en algunos casos ocasionan complicaciones como retención de restos, hemorragias entre otros y que al final pueden ocasionar muertes maternas o perinatales.Tesi

Energy balance of pregnant vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) in the Chilean High Andes

Energy unbalance may be the cause of low fertility rates found in vicunas. The objective of this study was to estimate the temporal variation of the nutritional status in pregnant vicunas from a herd kept under captivity in the Chilean High Andes. The hypothesis under study is that animals are able to maintain the energy balance during the dry season. Six pregnant vicunas were examined in August, October and January (year 2015-2016). Reproductive status was estimated by ultrasonography and plasma progesterone concentration. Live weight (LW) and body condition score (BCS: 1-5 scale) were measured for each animal. A blood sample was taken to estimate the plasma concentrations of total protein (Biuret method), cholesterol (CHODPAP method), triglycerides (GPO-PAP method), beta-hydroxybutyrate (enzymatic method) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; enzymatic colorimetric method). Vicuna groups had similar LW, BCS, plus similar plasma concentrations of metabolites, total protein and progesterone. Females did not increase their LW during gestation and their BCS in January (2.9) was below the recommendations for late pregnancy in camelids (BCS 3.5). NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate values were higher than those expected under nutritional energy balance signalling a lipolytic and ketogenic metabolic response, respectively. The absence of weight gain and the values of NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate show that pregnant vicunas suffer a negative energy balance during the dry season in the Chilean High Andes. This can cause abortion and contribute to low fertility rates of the herds. It is suggested to provide pregnant vicunas with food supplements up to birthing, in years of severe drought

Developmental biology of Argas neghmei Kohls & Hoogstraal (Acari: Argasidae) under laboratory conditions

In order to describe the developmental biology of the tick Argas neghmei Kohls & Hoogstraal under laboratory conditions, 40 females and 40 males were collected from chicken coops located in Calama (II Region, Chile). They were fed on chickens and maintained under two laboratory conditions: one group at 30 ± 5 oC and 35 ± 5% RH and another at 27 ± 5 oC and 80 ± 5% RH, both at 12: 12 h L:D photoperiod. The ticks were observed daily to determine larval feeding periods, preoviposition, oviposition, egg incubation as well as the frequency of egg laying, number of eggs laid, and percentage of larval hatching. Females did not lay eggs at 80 ± 5% RH, and data on the biology of this tick was obtained only at 35 ± 5% RH. The life cycle of A. neghmei lasted an average of 269 days. Feeding period of each nymphal stage as well as of adult females between oviposition events lasted less than a day. Females laid on average 1.8 egg batches and egg-laying period lasted on average 14 days, during which about 96 eggs were laid per female.Fil: González Acuña, Daniel. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Vargas, Pamela. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Ardiles, Karen. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Parra, Luis. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) From species of the families Furnariidae, Tyrannidae, Turdidae and icteridae (Aves: Passeriformes) from Chile Piojos (Insecta: Phthiraptera) de especies de las familias Furnariidae, Tyrannidae, Turdidae E Icteridae (Aves: Passeriformes) de Chile

A total of 185 birds (nine captured alive and 176 preserved in a museum), belonging to the families Furnariidae (n=14), Tyrannidae (n=4), Turdidae (n=24) and Icteridae (n=143) (Aves: Passeriformes) were searched for lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae, Menoponidae). The species collected and identified were: Furnaricola titicacae Carriker 1949 from Phleocryptes melanops (Vieillot 1817), and Picicola cuniculariae Cicchino 1981 from Geositta rufipennis fasciata (Burmeister 1860) (Furnariidae); Picicola foedus (Kellogg & Chapman 1899) from Xolmis pyrope (Kittlitz 1830) (Tyrannidae); Brueelia magellanica Cicchino 1986, B. persimilis Cicchino 1987 and Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister 1838) from Turdus falcklandii Quoy & Gaimard 1824 (Turdidae); Brueelia bonariensis Cicchino and Castro 1996 from Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin 1789), Brueelia marcoi Cicchino & Castro 1996 from Curaeus curaeus (Molina 1782), Myrsidea psittaci Carriker 1955 from Agelaius thilus thilus (Molina 1782), Brueelia boae Cicchino & Castro, 1996 and Menacanthus leistidis Cicchino 1984 from Sturnella loyca (Molina 1782) (Icteridae). The species B. persimilis Cicchino 1987, M. eurysternus (Burmeister 1838), M. leistidis Cicchino 1984, Myrsidea psittaci Carriker 1955, Furnaricola titicacae Carriker 1949, Picicola foedus (Kellogg & Chapman 1899), P. cuniculariae Cicchino 1981 are new records for Chile. New host-louse records are G. r. fasciata (Burmeister 1860) for P. cuniculariae Cicchino 1981, A. thilus thilus (Molina 1782), for M. psittaci and S. loyca for M. leistidis Carriker 1955 and S. loyca (Molina 1782) for M. leistidis Cicchino 1984. Within Chile, the distribution of Brueelia boae Cicchino & Castro 1996 was extended from the 4th to the 10th Regions, and for B. marcoi Cicchino & Castro 1996 from the 4th to the 12th Regions.<br>Se analizaron un total de 185 aves (nueve capturadas vivas y 176 preservadas en un museo) correspondientes a las familias Furnariidae (n= 14), Tyrannidae (n= 4), Turdidae (n=24) e Icteridae (n=143). Las especies de piojos aislados e identificados fueron: Furnaricola titicacae Carriker 1949 en Phleocryptes melanops (Vieillot 1817) y Picicola cuniculariae Cicchino 1981 en Geositta rufipennis fasciata (Burmeister 1860) (Furnariidae); Picicola foedus (Kellogg & Chapman 1899) en Xolmis pyrope (Kittlitz 1830) (Tyrannidae); Brueelia magellanica Cicchino 1986, B. persimilis Cicchino 1987 y Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister 1838), en Turdus falcklandii Quoy & Gaimard 1824 (Turdidae); Brueelia bonariensis Cicchino & Castro 1996 en Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin 1789), Brueelia marcoi Cicchino & Castro 1996 en Curaeus curaeus (Molina 1782), Myrsidea psittaci Carriker 1955 en Agelaius thilus thilus (Molina 1782), Brueelia boae Cicchino & Castro 1996 y Menacanthus leistidis Cicchino 1984 en Sturnella loyca (Molina 1782) (Icteridae). Las especies Brueelia persimilis Cicchino 1987, Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister 1838), M. leistidis Cicchino 1984, Myrsidea psittaci Carriker 1955, Furnaricola titicacae Carriker, 1949, Picicola foedus (Kellogg & Chapman 1899), P. cuniculariae Cicchino 1981 corresponden a nuevas citas para Chile. Nuevos registros de hospedadores son G. r. fasciata (Burmeister 1860) para P. cuniculariae Cicchino, 1981, A. thilus thilus (Molina 1782), para M. psittaci Carriker 1955 y S. loyca (Molina 1782) para M. leistidis Cicchino 1984. Se amplia la distribución de Brueelia boae Cicchino & Castro 1996 desde la IV hasta la X Región de Chile y la de B. marcoi Cicchino & Castro 1996 desde la IV a la XII Región de Chile

Biological cycle of Argas (Persicargas) keiransi fed on hen´s blood under laboratory conditions

A. keiransi Estrada-Peria, Venzal & Gonzalez-Acufia (Acari: Argasidae) be-long to the subgenus Persicargas, which includes soft bodied ticks distributed worldwide and commonly found parasitizing birds (Klompen, 1992). Argas (Persicargas) keiransi was described from engorged larvae of the Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango chimango Vieillot (Ayes: Falconiformes: Falconi-dae: Caracarinae)) from Chillan (Bio Bio Region), Chile (Estrada-Pena et al. 2003). Females of A. keiransi were later described by Estrada-Pefla et al. (2006), also based on specimens from Chillan. The objective of this study was to describe the biological cycle of A. keiransi under laboratory conditions and compare it with related species.Fil: Ardiles, Karen. Universidad de Concepcion del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: González Acuña, D.. Universidad de Concepcion del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Sepulveda, Maria Soledad. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Vargas, Pamela. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe; Argentin