Determination of relationship between land surface temperature and different land use by chaid analysis

The increasing average air temperatures and the change of climate elements pose negative threats to human and its life. Human beings develop different methods and plans to eliminate and minimize the threats that occur. Satellite imagery is the tool of these methods and plans. Through existing satellite imagery, land surface temperatures and land uses are determined by remote sensing methods to provide sustainable planning. Surface temperatures of the land are such a parameter that concerns the climate, fauna, flora and interaction of human beings with the environment. This study aimed to establish the bond between the surface temperature of the land and the different land uses. The data was collected from Erzurum province, which is located in Turkey, with a surface area of 25066 km2. Thermal Band data obtained from four different dates which represents the four seasons and Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) Land Cover (CLC) maps were digitized and interpreted statistically in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) package program. The results showed that forest areas 12.2°C, water surfaces 13.8°C, agricultural areas 17.9°C, open areas 15.7°C and residential areas 18.7°C has average surface temperature values. Statistically, the bonds between land uses and other variables were evaluated using Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) analysis. As a result, this study will contribute planners and decision makers develop climate-sensitive strategies and policies regarding basin planning and urban planning. © 2019, ALÖKI Kft., Budapest, Hungary

Identification of the relationship between some characteristics of native walnut genotypes peculiar to Darende district of Malatya province: Use of factor analysis scores in multiple linear regression

Two main aims of this investigation were to predict kernel ratio (KR) and kernel weight (KW) from some walnut characteristics, respectively. For these aims, a total of 112 Walnut genotypes growing in nature were collected at Darende District of Malatya province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkiye. The walnut characteristics evaluated were nut length (NL), nut width (NW), nut height (NH), nut weight (NWe), shell thickness (ST), kernel ratio (KR) and kernel weight (KW), respectively. Independent variables were subjected to factor analysis based on principal component extraction method and VARIMAX rotation. On the basis of jointly using factor scores in multiple regression, KR (81.3 % R2 and 80.6 % adjusted R2) and KW (94.7% R2 and 94.5% adjusted R2) characteristics were predicted by using four factor scores with a big accuracy without multicollinearity problem. Consequently, the present results revealed that, walnuts of heavier KW and NWe in the prediction of KR would be expected to produce those of higher KR, and walnuts of higher values in NH, NW, NWe, ST, NL, and KR in the prediction of KW would be expected to produce those of heavier KW. The knowledge may help walnut breeders to improve new selection strategies

Caracterização fenogenotípica da resistência antimicrobiana em Staphylococcus spp. isolados de mastite bovina

A utilização de antibióticos no controle das infecções intramamárias e na eliminação de prováveis fontes de infecção nas fazendas leiteiras se constitui em importante medida de controle. No entanto, o uso inadequado de antibióticos no tratamento da doença pode selecionar cepas resistentes e comprometer a eficiência do tratamento. Bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus spp. estão entre os principais agentes etiológicos da mastite bovina e são freqüentemente resistentes aos antimicrobianos, em especial aos beta-lactâmicos, principalmente por dois mecanismos distintos: a produção da enzima extracelular beta-lactamase, codificada pelo gene blaZ, e a produção de PBP2a ou PBP2´, uma proteína ligante de penicilina de baixa afinidade, codificada pelo gene mecA. A expressão do gene mecA é constitutiva ou induzida por antibióticos betalactâmicos, como a oxacilina e cefoxitina. O gene mecA está inserido no cromossomo através de um elemento genético móvel, denominado cassete estafilocócico cromossômico mec (SCCmec). O presente estudo avaliou o perfil fenogenotípico de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos em 250 isolados de Staphylococcus spp., utilizando os marcadores oxacilina e cefoxitina, de modo a produzir dados que possam contribuir para o conhecimento da resistência antimicrobiana em algumas propriedades leiteiras das regiões Sul-Fluminense e Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com o objetivo de subsidiar a implementação de medidas de controle dessa enfermidade. A avaliação da resistência foi feita a partir de 8 diferentes testes fenotípicos, sendo obtidos 54 perfis. Os testes de difusão em disco simples e ágar screen com oxacilina foram utilizados como "padrão ouro" para os cálculos dos valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e predição por serem preconizados pelo CLSI veterinário. O teste de difusão em disco simples com cefoxitina foi o de melhor desempenho na predição da resistência a oxacilina. Na avaliação genotípica, não foi detectado qualquer isolado positivo para o gene mecA, já os genes mecI e mecRI foram detectados igualmente em 11,6% (29/250) dos Staphylococcus spp. avaliados. Foram detectados os quatro tipos de cassete mec analisados (I, II, III e IV), sendo o tipo I o que teve mais ampla distribuição entre as regiões estudadas. Gene blaZ foi detectado em 5,2% (13/250) dos isolados, sendo que nestes, todo o sistema blaZ-blaI- blaR1 foi detectado em 23,1% (3/13) dos isolados

Mortality from esophagectomy for esophageal cancer across low, middle, and high-income countries: An international cohort study.

BACKGROUND No evidence currently exists characterising global outcomes following major cancer surgery, including esophageal cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to characterise impact of high income countries (HIC) versus low and middle income countries (LMIC) on the outcomes following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. METHOD This international multi-center prospective study across 137 hospitals in 41 countries included patients who underwent an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, with 90-day follow-up. The main explanatory variable was country income, defined according to the World Bank Data classification. The primary outcome was 90-day postoperative mortality, and secondary outcomes were composite leaks (anastomotic leak or conduit necrosis) and major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade III - V). Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to produce adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Between April 2018 to December 2018, 2247 patients were included. Patients from HIC were more significantly older, with higher ASA grade, and more advanced tumors. Patients from LMIC had almost three-fold increase in 90-day mortality, compared to HIC (9.4% vs 3.7%, p < 0.001). On adjusted analysis, LMIC were independently associated with higher 90-day mortality (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.17-4.55, p = 0.015). However, LMIC were not independently associated with higher rates of anastomotic leaks (OR: 1.06, CI: 0.57-1.99, p = 0.9) or major complications (OR: 0.85, CI: 0.54-1.32, p = 0.5), compared to HIC. CONCLUSION Resections in LMIC were independently associated with higher 90-day postoperative mortality, likely reflecting a failure to rescue of these patients following esophagectomy, despite similar composite anastomotic leaks and major complication rates to HIC. These findings warrant further research, to identify potential issues and solutions to improve global outcomes following esophagectomy for cancer