KÜLTÜR ENDÜSTRİSİ KAVRAMI ÇERÇEVESİNDE MEDYA ÜRÜNLERİ: ELEŞTİREL YAKLAŞIM

Considerations of media products sometimes assume that media share similar economic and business characteristics and that media are no different from other products and services. They express the view that no more differences need to be recognized for media then the kinds of differences observed between manufacturing automobiles and forniture products. This view is problematic, however, because media products differ significantly among themselves and because they operate in economic environments with business dynamics that most other products and services do not encounter. This article aims to discussion how media products differ among themselves and how those differences affect the economic forces they encounter and business dynamics of their industries in the context of Adorna and Horkheimer’s “Culture Industry”concept. It also examined supply side and demand side differences between media and other products and how these affect media industry business dynamics

Human resource management in local media companies - a case study in Bursa

İşletmelerin en büyük korkusu hızlı gelişme ve değişme içerisinde kendisini yenileyemeyip, üretimini artıramamak, bunun sonucu olarak da rekabet ortamı içinde varlığını sürdürememektir. Bir işletmenin varlığını sürdürmesi, mal ve hizmetlerin kalitesine, verimliliğe, yeniliklerin takip edilmesine, çalışanların yaratma gücüne bağlıdır. Haber ve düşünce üreten medya işletmeleri, insan işgücüne ve beyin gücüne en fazla bağımlı olan işletmelerdir. Yüksek üretim giderleri ve düşük reklam gelirleri ile varlıklarını sürdürmeye çalışan medya işletmelerinde üretim adına en önemli kaynak insandır. İnsan kaynakları yönetim sistemlerinin uygulandığı işletmelerde şirket hedefleri daha kolay gerçekleşecektir. Başarılı bir insan kaynakları yönetimi, çalışanları işletmenin amaçları ve hedefleri doğrultusunda, verimli bir şekilde çalışmaya itecek, zaman ve işgücü kaybını en aza indirecektir. Medya işletmeleri, amaç, vizyon ve ilkelerine uygun yetenekli ve nitelikli çalışanları bünyelerine çekmek, geliştirmek, elde tutmak ve çalışan performansını en üst düzeye çıkarabilmek amacıyla insan kaynakları yönetim sistemlerini uygulamalıdır. Bursa, ekonomik ve siyasi gücüyle yerel medya konusunda ülkemizin gözde kentidir. Bu çalışma ile Bursa’da faaliyet gösteren yerel medya işletmelerinde uygulanan insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarına yönelik kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmış, öneriler sunulmuş ve uygulamanın nasıl olabileceği üzerinde durulmuştur

The green location-routing problem

This paper introduces the Green Location-Routing Problem (GLRP), a combination of the classical Location-Routing Problem (LRP) and the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP). The GLRP consists of (i) locating depots on a subset of a discrete set of points, from where vehicles of limited capacity will be dispatched to serve a number of customers with service requirements, (ii) routing the vehicles by determining the order of customers served by each vehicle and (iii) setting the speed on each leg of the journey such that customers are served within their respective time windows. The objective of the GLRP is to minimize a cost function comprising the fixed cost of operating depots, as well as the costs of the fuel and CO2 emissions. The amount of fuel consumption and emissions is measured by a widely used comprehensive modal emission model. The paper presents a mixed integer programming formulation and a set of preprocessing rules and valid inequalities to strengthen the formulation. Two solution approaches; an integer programming based algorithm and an iterated local search algorithm are also presented. Computational analyses are carried out using adaptations of literature instances to the GLRP in order to analyze the effects of a number parameters on location and routing decisions in terms of cost, fuel consumption and emission. The performance of the heuristic algorithms are also evaluated

Evaluation of vertebral bone mineral density in scoliosis by using quantitative computed tomography

Purpose: Scoliosis is described as a lateral curvature of the spine. We aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with scoliosis by using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and compare the BMD of idiopathic and congenital scoliosis patients. Material and methods: Forty-three patients aged 1 to 40 years with idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular scoliosis and 41 matched controls of the same sex and approximate age were included in the study. Measurements of BMD were performed by QCT analysis for each vertebral body from T12 to L5, and mean BMD was calculated for each case. Results: Twenty-two of the patients with scoliosis were idiopathic, 15 were congenital, four were neuromuscular, and two were neurofibromatosis. The mean BMD values of patients with scoliosis were significantly lower compared with the control group (106.8 ± 33.4 mg/cm3 vs. 124.9 ± 29.1 mg/cm3, p = 0.009). No significant difference in BMD values was found between idiopathic and congenital scoliosis patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study illustrated that the vertebral body BMD values of the patients with scoliosis were significantly lower than those seen in the control group

DETERMINATION OF THE AIR POLLUTION FROM ROAD TRANSPORT IN THE CITY CENTER OF IZMIR

Son yıllarda araç sayısındaki artışa bağlı olarak, İzmir kent merkezinde trafikten kaynaklanan hava kirletici emisyonları, kentin hava kalitesini etkilemeye başlamıştır. Bu nedenle, kentteki trafik kaynaklı emisyonların dağılımlarının ve miktarlarının belirlenmesi gerekli bir hal almıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, İzmir kent merkezindeki önemli caddelerdeki araç sayılarını tespit etmek ve emisyon faktörlerini kullanarak caddelerde hareket halindeki motorlu taşıtlardan kaynaklanan kirletici emisyon miktarlarını belirlemektir. Çalışmada, 2007 yılı İzmir kent merkezindeki trafikten atmosfere verilen emisyon miktarları CO için 5607 ton, NOX için 2502 ton, NMVOC için 772 ton, SO2 için 340 ton ve PM10 için 104 ton olarak hesaplanmıştır. CO, NOX ve NMVOC emisyonlarının yarısından fazlası otomobillerden kaynaklanırken, otobüs+ kamyon kategorisi tek başına SO2 emisyonlarının %80'nine neden olmaktadır. Minibüs+kamyonet kategorisi ve Motorsikletler PM10 emisyonlarının önemli bir kaynağıdır. Bunun yanı sıra, hesaplanan emisyonlar CALPUFF dağılım modeli yardımıyla kent merkezindeki hava kalitesi seviyelerini belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Modelleme sonuçlarına göre, en kötü meteorolojik şartlar için maksimum saatlik konsantrasyonlar CO için 400 µg/m3, NOX için 222 µg/m3, NMVOC için 60 µg/m3, SO2 için 40 µg/m3 ve PM10 için 12 µg/m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır.In recent years, emissions from mobile sources have become more important for urban air quality in Izmir due to the increase of vehicle numbers in the city. So, it has become important to estimate the emissions and their geographical distribution. The main purpose of this paper is to present the traffic emissions calculated by using emission factors from literature and vehicle activity data from vehicle counting campaigns in the main streets of the city. The results showed that the total emissions of CO, NOX, NMVOC, SO2 and PM10 from vehicles in Izmir city center for the year 2007 were 5607 t, 2502 t, 772 t, 340 t and 104 t, respectively. When the passenger cars contributed over half of CO, NOX and NMVOC, the heavy duty vehicles such as trucks and buses were responsible for 80% of SO2 emissions. Light-duty vehicles and motorcycles are the main source of PM10 emissions. Besides, the emissions estimated were used to simulate the air quality level in city center by CALPUFF model. Accordingly, the maximum hourly concentrations estimated in city were 400 µg/m3 for CO, 222 µg/m3 for NOX, 60 µg/m3 for NMVOC, 40 µg/m3 for SO2 and 12 µg/m3 for PM10 during the worst meteorological conditions

Cushing reflex: A sign of vessel perforation during mechanical thrombectomy performed under general anesthesia

We aimed to present the assessment of the Cushing reflex caused by intracranial haemorrhagia developing during mechanical thrombectomy in a case presenting with acute ischemic stroke. A 59-year old male patient was scanned by CT angio due to speaking disorder and right lateral weakness developing 5 hours earlier. Acute infarction was observed in the left MCA irrigation area with M1 segment occlusion observed in the left MCA. The decision was made to treat the patient with mechanical thrombectomy and he was transferred to the interventional neuroradiology unit. Under general anesthesia during navigation of the thromboaspiration catheter to the clot localization as the procedure was technically advancing routinely, with sudden development of bradycardia and hypertension the anesthesiology team was warned and 1 mg IV atropine was administered for bradycardia. Acute infarction has to be removed because it is understood as mechanical thrombectomy has been performed to a patient with an infarction. Simultaneously contrast material injection through the guide catheter showed the MCA M1 segment had ruptured and extravasation had developed. As conclusion, anesthesia and operation team must be alert for vessel perforation when Cushing triad develops during navigation of the thromboaspiration catheter

The roles of pre–P-wave versus peri–P-wave fractionated electrograms for atrial substrate beyond entrainment response

Atrial tachycardia (AT) with alternating cycle lengths is sparsely reported, and, hence, the ideal mapping strategy has not been firmly established. Beyond the entrainment during tachycardia, some fragmentation characteristics might also give important clues for its possible participation in the macro–re-entrant circuit. We discuss a patient with prior atrial septal defect surgical closures who presented with dual macro–re-entrant ATs related to a fragmented area on the right atrial free wall (240 ms) and the cavotricuspid isthmus (260 ms), respectively. After ablation of the fastest AT on the lateral right atrial free wall, the cycle of the first AT changed to the second AT that was interrupted on cavotricuspid isthmus, proving the dual tachycardia mechanism. This case report addresses the utilization of electroanatomic mapping information as well as fractionated electrogram timing with respect to the surface P-wave as guides for ablation location

Paradoxical para-hisian pacing response

Para-Hisian pacing (PHP) is among the most useful maneuvers in cardiac electrophysiology during sinus rhythm and identifies whether retrograde conduction is dependent on the atrioventricular (AV) node. In this maneuver, the retrograde activation time and pattern are compared during capture and loss of capture of the His bundle while pacing from a paraHisian position. A common misconception about PHP is that it is useful only for septal accessory pathways (APs). However, even with left or right lateral pathways, as long as pacing from the para-Hisian region conducts to the atrium with the activation sequence being analyzed, it can be used to determine whether that activation is AV node–dependent or AP-dependent

Primary subcutaneous cyst hydatic disease in proximal thigh: an unusual localisation: a case report

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal hydatidosis is very rare and represents 1% – 5.4% of all cases of echinococcosis. On clinical basis, infection mimics a soft-tissue tumor, and the preoperative radiological diagnosis is very important to avoid biopsy. CASE PRESENTATION: We report an unusual case of primary subcutaneous hydatidosis in proximity to vastus lateralis muscle. It was diagnosed according to the computed tomography appearance, clinical and pathological findings. A 43 year old female patient was admitted with a history of pain at proximal thigh for the last 30 days. On physical examination, a mass which was 4 × 5 cm in diameter, painful and erythamatous, was palpated over greater trochanter. Sedimentation rate was 40 mm in the first hour. CT (Computed Tomography) scan demonstrated, a soft tissue mass with central cystic component in the subcutaneous tissue near vastus lateralis muscle. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed a pericystic structure, which consisted of connective tissue and scattered hyaline cells showing a necrotic basophilic structure that resembled a cuticular membrane. Treatment with high dose albendazole was conducted for 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that echinococcal disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of every cystic mass in every anatomic location, especially when they occur in areas where the disease is endemic