Classification of Acute Leukemia using Fuzzy Neural Networks

Accurate classification of cancers based on microarray gene expressions is very important for doctors to choose a proper treatment. In this paper, we compared ten filter based gene selection methods in order to differentiate acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in leukemia dataset. Dimensionality reduction methods, such as Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Statistics are used for gene selection. The experimental results showed that the proposed gene selection methods are efficient, effective, and robust in identifying differentially expressed genes. Adopting the existing SVM-based and KNN-based classifiers, the selected genes by filter based methods in general give more accurate classification results, typically when the sample class sizes in the training dataset are unbalanced

Potentiometric study of Complex Formation between Thiovanol & Th(IV), Zr(IV) & UO2(VI)

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Implementation of a Modem for Narrow Bandwidth Channel Using 6713 DSK

As communication plays an important role in day to day life, the effective and efficient voice transmission is to be maintained. This paper mainly deals with voice transmission over a channel and implemented using 6713 DSK. For this purpose, some modulation schemes and voice coders are implemented. So two points of view are developed. First, a static point of view, using a prototype on MATLAB, estimates the different combinations\u27 performances, using a stored speech sample. Then, a more dynamic point of view tests the system in real time, using C code adapted from MATLAB and embedded on DSPs, with the actual transmission channel being emulated by another DSP. In MATLAB the voice signal using different techniques are simulated and the outputs for modulation and demodulation signal are obtained which are shown in this paper for random bits operation of signals. An optimal transmission/reception scheme intended for voice transmission on DSP Processor TMS320C6713 is done using hardware and the results are compared in MATLAB by maintaining proper accuracy

Implementation of Leaky Bucket with deep learning Algorithm to Avoid Congestion in DEC Protocol in medical applications

A wireless sensor network is a critical component in many disciplines. There are a large number of sensor nodes in it. These sensor nodes perform various tasks, including identifying, dispensing, communicating, and providing power. Data is sent from source to destination and plays an important role. Congestion will occur during data transfer =0>0from one node to another and in the cluster head. Congestion will emerge as a result of either traffic division or resource allocation. Energy will be wasted due to traffic division congestion, which results in packet loss and retransmission of deleted packets. As a result, it must condense. Congestion management will be handled by a few wireless sensor networks using various protocols. Deterministic Energy Efficient Clustering (DEC) protocol is considered to reduce energy consumption based on residual energy in which the leaky bucket algorithm is cast-off. In the event of congestion, our plan outlines a strategy for dealing with and resolving it using this manner. According to simulation testing, the suggested approach may significantly improve longevity, energy, throughput, and packet loss

Trends in Compulsory Licensing of Pharmaceuticals Since the Doha Declaration: A Database Analysis

Reed Beall and Randall Kuhn describe their findings from an analysis of use of compulsory licenses for pharmaceutical products by World Trade Organization members since 1995

Control of intestinal stem cell function and proliferation by mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism.

Most differentiated cells convert glucose to pyruvate in the cytosol through glycolysis, followed by pyruvate oxidation in the mitochondria. These processes are linked by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which is required for efficient mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. In contrast, proliferative cells, including many cancer and stem cells, perform glycolysis robustly but limit fractional mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation. We sought to understand the role this transition from glycolysis to pyruvate oxidation plays in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Loss of the MPC in Lgr5-EGFP-positive stem cells, or treatment of intestinal organoids with an MPC inhibitor, increases proliferation and expands the stem cell compartment. Similarly, genetic deletion of the MPC in Drosophila intestinal stem cells also increases proliferation, whereas MPC overexpression suppresses stem cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that limiting mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is necessary and sufficient to maintain the proliferation of intestinal stem cells

Current trends in leather science

Abstract In preparing the second edition of ‘Tanning Chemistry. The Science of Leather.’, the literature was updated and the content was revised and reviewed. Here, the new findings are presented and discussed. Notable developments include the necessary rethinking of the mechanism of sulfide unhairing because of new understanding of the aqueous chemistry of sulfide species. Revision upwards of the value of the second pKa for sulfide species ionisation means that S2− cannot exist in an aqueous medium, so the unhairing species in hair burn reactions is HS−. Although the technology remains the same, this means the mechanisms of associated reactions such as immunisation must be revised. Rawstock preservation has benefitted from studies of the potential role of materials from plants which accumulate salt, but which also contribute terpene compounds. There is also further discussion on the continuing issue of chromium (VI) in the leather industry. The application to processing of new solvents, ionic liquids and deep eutectics, is the coming technology, which offers transforming options for new chemistries and products. Renewed interest in vegetable tanning and methods of wet white processing are current trends. Also, within the topic of reagent delivery is processing in a solid medium of plastic beads. Graphical abstrac

Human Protein Reference Database—2009 update

Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD—http://www.hprd.org/), initially described in 2003, is a database of curated proteomic information pertaining to human proteins. We have recently added a number of new features in HPRD. These include PhosphoMotif Finder, which allows users to find the presence of over 320 experimentally verified phosphorylation motifs in proteins of interest. Another new feature is a protein distributed annotation system—Human Proteinpedia (http://www.humanproteinpedia.org/)—through which laboratories can submit their data, which is mapped onto protein entries in HPRD. Over 75 laboratories involved in proteomics research have already participated in this effort by submitting data for over 15 000 human proteins. The submitted data includes mass spectrometry and protein microarray-derived data, among other data types. Finally, HPRD is also linked to a compendium of human signaling pathways developed by our group, NetPath (http://www.netpath.org/), which currently contains annotations for several cancer and immune signaling pathways. Since the last update, more than 5500 new protein sequences have been added, making HPRD a comprehensive resource for studying the human proteome

Efficient CO2-Reducing Activity of NAD-Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase from Thiobacillus sp KNK65MA for Formate Production from CO2 Gas

NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Candida boidinii (CbFDH) has been widely used in various CO2 reduction systems but its practical applications are often impeded due to low CO2-reducing activity. In this study, we demonstrated superior CO2-reducing properties of FDH from Thiobacillus sp. KNK65MA (TsFDH) for production of formate from CO2 gas. To discover more efficient CO2-reducing FDHs than a reference enzyme e. CbFDH, five FDHs were selected with biochemical properties and then, their CO2-reducing activities were evaluated. All FDHs including CbFDH showed better CO2-reducing activities at acidic pHs than at neutral pHs and four FDHs were more active than CbFDH in the CO2 reduction reaction. In particular, the FDH from Thiobacillus sp. KNK65IVIA (TsFDH) exhibited the highest CO2-reducing activity and had a dramatic preference for the reduction reaction, i.e., a 84.2-fold higher ratio of CO2 reduction to formate oxidation in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K-B) compared to CbFDH. Formate was produced from CO2 gas using TsFDH and CbFDH, and TsFDH showed a 5.8-fold higher formate production rate than CbFDH. A sequence and structural comparison showed that FDHs with relatively high CO2-reducing activities had elongated N- and C-terminal loops. The experimental results demonstrate that TsFDH can be an alternative to CbFDH as a biocatalyst in CO2 reduction systemsope