Robust Focusing using Orientation Code Matching

This paper proposes a novel scheme for image focusing by introducing a new focus measure based on self-matching methods. A unique pencil-shaped profile is identified by comparing the similarity between all patterns extracted around the same position in each scene. Based on this profile, a new criterion function called Complementary Pencil Volume (hereafter CPV) is defined to evaluate focused or defocused scenes based on similarity rate of self-matching, which visually represents the volume of a pencil-shaped profile. Among matching methods, Orientation Code Matching (hereafter OCM) is recommended due to its invariance with regards to illumination and contrasts. Several experiments using a telecentric lens are implemented to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed measures. Outstandingly, comparing Orientation Code Matching-based (hereafter OCM-based) focus measure with conventional focus measures shows that OCM-based focus measure is robust against changes of illuminations and contrast. Using this method, depth is measured by comparing the focused and defocused region in the scenes both under high and low illumination conditions

Vision-Based Displacement Sensor for Monitoring Dynamic Response Using Robust Object Search Algorithm

This paper develops a vision-based displacement measurement system for remote monitoring of vibration of large-size structures such as bridges and buildings. The system consists of one or multiple video cameras and a notebook computer. With a telescopic lens, the camera placed at a stationary point away from a structure captures images of an object on the structure. The structural displacement is computed in real time through processing the captured images. A robust object search algorithm developed in this paper enables accurate measurement of the displacement by tracking existing features on the structure without requiring a conventional target panel to be installed on the structure. A sub-pixel technique is also proposed to further reduce measurement errors cost-effectively. The efficacy of the vision system in remote measurement of dynamic displacements was demonstrated through a shaking table test and a field experiment on a long-span bridge

Robust Surface Reconstruction in SEM Using Two BSE Detectors

This paper describes a robust three-dimensional (3D) surface reconstruction method that can automatically eliminate shadowing errors. For modeling shadowing effect, a new shadowing compensation model based on the angle distribution of backscattered electrons is introduced. Further, it is modified with respect to some practical factors. Moreover, the proposed iterative shadowing compensation method, which performs commutatively between the compensation of image intensities and the modification of the corresponding 3D surface, can effectively provide both an accurate 3D surface and compensated shadowless images after convergence

Robust Object Detection in Severe Imaging Conditions using Co-Occurrence Background Model

In this study, a spatial-dependent background model for detecting objects is used in severe imaging conditions. It is robust in the cases of sudden illumination fluctuation and burst motion background. More importantly, it is quite sensitive under the cases of underexposure, low-illumination, and narrow dynamic range, all of which are very common phenomenon using a surveillance camera. The background model maintains statistical models in the form of multiple pixel pairs with few parameters. Experiments using several challenging datasets (Heavy Fog, PETS-2001, AIST-INDOOR, and a real surveillance application) confirm the robust performance in various imaging conditions

Novel Fuse Scheme with a Short Repair Time to Maximize Good Chips per Wafer in Advanced SoCs

Repairing embedded memories (e-memories) on an advanced system-on-chip (SoC) product is a key technique used to improve product yield. However, increasing the die area of SoC products equipped with various types of e-memories on the die is an issue. A fuse scheme can be used to resolve this issue. However, several fuse schemes that have been proposed to decrease the die area result in an increased repair time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel fuse scheme that decreases both die area and repair time. Moreover, our approach is applied to a 65 nm SoC product. The results indicate that the proposed fuse scheme effectively decreases the die area and repair time of advanced SoC products

Robust Focusing using Orientation Code Matching

This paper proposes a novel scheme for image focusing by introducing a new focus measure based on self-matching methods. A unique pencil-shaped profile is identified by comparing the similarity between all patterns extracted around the same position in each scene. Based on this profile, a new criterion function called Complementary Pencil Volume (hereafter CPV) is defined to evaluate focused or defocused scenes based on similarity rate of self-matching, which visually represents the volume of a pencil-shaped profile. Among matching methods, Orientation Code Matching (hereafter OCM) is recommended due to its invariance with regards to illumination and contrasts. Several experiments using a telecentric lens are implemented to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed measures. Outstandingly, comparing Orientation Code Matching-based (hereafter OCM-based) focus measure with conventional focus measures shows that OCM-based focus measure is robust against changes of illuminations and contrast. Using this method, depth is measured by comparing the focused and defocused region in the scenes both under high and low illumination conditions