207 research outputs found
Phase Separation of a Fast Rotating Boson-Fermion Mixture in the Lowest-Landau-Level Regime
By minimizing the coupled mean-field energy functionals, we investigate the
ground-state properties of a rotating atomic boson-fermion mixture in a
two-dimensional parabolic trap. At high angular frequencies in the
mean-field-lowest-Landau-level regime, quantized vortices enter the bosonic
condensate, and a finite number of degenerate fermions form the
maximum-density-droplet state. As the boson-fermion coupling constant
increases, the maximum density droplet develops into a lower-density state
associated with the phase separation, revealing characteristics of a
Landau-level structure
Attractive ultracold bosons in a necklace optical potential
We study the ground state properties of the Bose-Hubbard model with
attractive interactions on a M-site one-dimensional periodic -- necklace-like
-- lattice, whose experimental realization in terms of ultracold atoms is
promised by a recently proposed optical trapping scheme, as well as by the
control over the atomic interactions and tunneling amplitudes granted by
well-established optical techniques. We compare the properties of the quantum
model to a semiclassical picture based on a number-conserving su(M) coherent
state, which results into a set of modified discrete nonlinear Schroedinger
equations. We show that, owing to the presence of a correction factor ensuing
from number conservation, the ground-state solution to these equations provides
a remarkably satisfactory description of its quantum counterpart not only -- as
expected -- in the weak-interaction, superfluid regime, but even in the deeply
quantum regime of large interactions and possibly small populations. In
particular, we show that in this regime, the delocalized, Schroedinger-cat-like
quantum ground state can be seen as a coherent quantum superposition of the
localized, symmetry-breaking ground-state of the variational approach. We also
show that, depending on the hopping to interaction ratio, three regimes can be
recognized both in the semiclassical and quantum picture of the system.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures; typos corrected and references added; to appear
in Phys. Rev.
Metastable Quantum Phase Transitions in a Periodic One-dimensional Bose Gas: Mean-Field and Bogoliubov Analyses
We generalize the concept of quantum phase transitions, which is
conventionally defined for a ground state and usually applied in the
thermodynamic limit, to one for \emph{metastable states} in \emph{finite size
systems}. In particular, we treat the one-dimensional Bose gas on a ring in the
presence of both interactions and rotation. To support our study, we bring to
bear mean-field theory, i.e., the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, and linear
perturbation or Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. Both methods give a consistent
result in the weakly interacting regime: there exist \emph{two topologically
distinct quantum phases}. The first is the typical picture of superfluidity in
a Bose-Einstein condensate on a ring: average angular momentum is quantized and
the superflow is uniform. The second is new: one or more dark solitons appear
as stationary states, breaking the symmetry, the average angular momentum
becomes a continuous quantity, and the phase of the condensate can be
continuously wound and unwound
Quantization with Action-Angle Coherent States
For a single degree of freedom confined mechanical system with given energy,
we know that the motion is always periodic and action-angle variables are
convenient choice as conjugate phase-space variables. We construct action-angle
coherent states in view to provide a quantization scheme that yields precisely
a given observed energy spectrum for such a system. This construction
is based on a Bayesian approach: each family corresponds to a choice of
probability distributions such that the classical energy averaged with respect
to this probability distribution is precisely up to a constant shift. The
formalism is viewed as a natural extension of the Bohr-Sommerfeld rule and an
alternative to the canonical quantization. In particular, it also yields a
satisfactory angle operator as a bounded self-adjoint operator
Quantum corrections to the dynamics of interacting bosons: beyond the truncated Wigner approximation
We develop a consistent perturbation theory in quantum fluctuations around
the classical evolution of a system of interacting bosons. The zero order
approximation gives the classical Gross-Pitaevskii equations. In the next order
we recover the truncated Wigner approximation, where the evolution is still
classical but the initial conditions are distributed according to the Wigner
transform of the initial density matrix. Further corrections can be
characterized as quantum scattering events, which appear in the form of a
nonlinear response of the observable to an infinitesimal displacement of the
field along its classical evolution. At the end of the paper we give a few
numerical examples to test the formalism.Comment: published versio
Localization of solitons: linear response of the mean-field ground state to weak external potentials
Two aspects of bright matter-wave solitons in weak external potentials are
discussed. First, we briefly review recent results on the Anderson localization
of an entire soliton in disordered potentials [Sacha et al. PRL 103, 210402
(2009)], as a paradigmatic showcase of genuine quantum dynamics beyond simple
perturbation theory. Second, we calculate the linear response of the mean-field
soliton shape to a weak, but otherwise arbitrary external potential, with a
detailed application to lattice potentials.Comment: Selected paper presented at the 2010 Spring Meeting of the Quantum
Optics and Photonics Section of the German Physical Society. V2: minor
changes, published versio
Topical latanoprost causes posterior movement of lens in a patient with exfoliation syndrome and subluxated lens: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>To report the effect of topical latanoprost on the position of a subluxated lens.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>After 0.005% latanoprost was administered topically to a patient with ocular hypertension due to a pseudoexfoliation syndrome and a subluxated lens, the position of the lens was examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and the ciliary body thickness by ultrasound biomicroscopy. The lens had moved posteriorly, and the thickness of the ciliary body had decreased after the latanoprost.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We suggest that the decrease in the thickness of the ciliary body resulted in an increase in the tension of the zonule of Zinn fibers, thus pulling the subluxated lens posteriorly.</p
Coupling ultracold atoms to mechanical oscillators
In this article we discuss and compare different ways to engineer an
interface between ultracold atoms and micro- and nanomechanical oscillators. We
start by analyzing a direct mechanical coupling of a single atom or ion to a
mechanical oscillator and show that the very different masses of the two
systems place a limit on the achievable coupling constant in this scheme. We
then discuss several promising strategies for enhancing the coupling:
collective enhancement by using a large number of atoms in an optical lattice
in free space, coupling schemes based on high-finesse optical cavities, and
coupling to atomic internal states. Throughout the manuscript we discuss both
theoretical proposals and first experimental implementations.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure
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