Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan kerja dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah Daerah Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman

Stress refers to the formation of behavioral and emotional impact on an individual. The main objective of this study is to see the relationship between the factors that cause stress and its effects. Quantitative methods were used to determine the connections between all independent variable (cause of stress) and dependent variables (effect of stress). This survey was carried out using a sample of 240 respondents from four schools in the district of Hulu Terengganu. A total of 270 sets of questionnaire forms were distributed by the researcher himself to the respondents. However, only 240 responded. The questionnaire consists of 59 items using Likert Seven Scale. Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0 software was used to test each hypothesis in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis of correlation and regression analysis. 24 The main hypothesis was formed after factor analysis done and inferential analysis used to determine the relationship between the independent variables on the dependent variable. The result indicates that the management of tasks, time management self, work-related stress, difficulties in career development, motivation and discipline and authority in the profession has significant influence on the mental and emotional stress of teachers. Effects of teacher performance decline were influenced by the self-management, motivation and discipline, and authority in the profession. For the dependent variable, intention to quit work is influenced by the management of the task, the self-management, and work-related stress. Next, the effect of discomfort in the workplace is influenced by time management tasks, difficulties in career as well as motivation and disciplin

A study on the level of awareness of Islamic Unit Trust in Terengganu / Azian Abd Ghani … [et al.]

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of awareness on Islamic Unit Trust funds in Terengganu. The respondents selected were academicians in the state of Terengganu higher learning institutions. The state of Terengganu that has 95% Malay (Muslims) population still registered the lowest number of unit trust investors. This was proven that out of 315 respondents surveyed from seven (7) higher learning institutes, only 71 (22.5%) of them invested in the Islamic Unit Trust funds. The balance has not yet invested, although 184 (75.4%) of the non-investors were aware of the existence of this product. Interesting to note that out of those who invested only 36 respondents knew on the mechanism of how the Islamic Unit Trust were operated, 35 respondents did not know. Despite lack of understanding on the Islamic Unit Trust funds mechanism, 61% were satisfied with their investment and has the intention to increase their investment in the future. Those aged 25 to 40 years, married with a higher disposable income were the representation of investor's demographic profile. The major factors that influenced their investment decision were the syariah based operation, followed by the investment security and low risk involvement. Internet and investment seminars were two major sources of information that educated those who invested and understood the scheme. It is important that the investment managers disseminated their information via integrated marketing communication campaigns on products and promotional efforts. This can be done by educating their investors and potential investors using internet, investment seminars, Islamic unit trust week, well-trained unit trust financial advisors beside advertising and promoting their products through printed and electronic media. The researchers recommended three strategies targeted to three major groups of investors. First strategy was to continue their marketing relationship program to the current investors. Second strategy was to familiarize the Islamic Unit Trust potential investors with product features, and how it can benefit them functionally, symbolically and experientially. Finally, the third strategy was to target unaware potential investors by using the 2 in 1 strategy i.e. aware and attract them to invest

Direct utilization of kitchen waste for bioethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using locally isolated yeast

Kitchen wastes containing high amounts of carbohydrates have potential as low-cost substrates for fermentable sugar production. In this study, enzymatic saccharification of kitchen waste was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the enzymatic saccharification conditions of kitchen waste. This paper presents analysis of RSM in a predictive model of the combined effects of independent variables (pH, temperature, glucoamylase activity, kitchen waste loading, and hydrolysis time) as the most significant parameters for fermentable sugar production and degree of saccharification. A 100 mL of kitchen waste was hydrolyzed in 250 mL of shake flasks. Quadratic RSM predicted maximum fermentable sugar production of 62.79 g/L and degree of saccharification (59.90%) at the following optimal conditions: pH 5, temperature 60°C, glucoamylase activity of 85 U/mL, and utilized 60 g/L of kitchen waste as a substrate at 10 h hydrolysis time. The verification experiments successfully produced 62.71 ± 0.7 g/L of fermentable sugar with 54.93 ± 0.4% degree of saccharification within 10 h of incubation, indicating that the developed model was successfully used to predict fermentable sugar production at more than 90% accuracy. The sugars produced after hydrolysis of kitchen waste were mainly attributed to monosaccharide: glucose (80%) and fructose (20%). The fermentable sugars obtained were subsequently used as carbon source for bioethanol production by locally isolated yeasts: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parasilosis, and Lanchancea fermentati. The yeasts were successfully consumed as sugars hydrolysate, and produced the highest ethanol yield ranging from 0.45 to 0.5 g/g and productivity between 0.44 g L–1 h–1 and 0.47 g L–1 h–1 after 24-h incubation, which was equivalent to 82.06–98.19% of conversion based on theoretical yield

Halal certification for tourism marketing: the attributes and attitudes of food operators in Indonesia

Purpose – Halal tourism is a subset of tourism activities geared towards Muslim which are aligned with the Islamic principles. As a response to this, many food operators have realised the importance of having a halal certification to establish a better market position. In the context of Indonesia, it is yet to be known what attitudes the food operators have towards halal certification and what attributes characterised those who have obtained the certification. Therefore, this study aims to examine the attributes of food operators and their attitudes towards halal certification in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A survey and structured interview were conducted on 298 food operators in Bandung, a city in Indonesia, between August and December 2018. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested to evaluate the association between halal certification and food operators’ attributes and their attitudes towards it. Findings – The results of the study suggested that food operators who had halal certification can be characterised by the number of branches the businesses have, the knowledge of halal tourism and knowledge on the market segment. However, the age of their business was found not related to halal certification. In terms of attitudes, the study found that performance beliefs, intention to apply and target market segment had associated with halal certification.Practical implications – The outcomes of the study could provide information to entities and agencies involved in the tourism industry that consider targeting Muslim travellers as their market segment. Halal certification could be an approach to facilitate tourism marketing and consequently increase the performance of food-related business sectors.Originality/value – This study provides evidence that could lead to a better understanding of the attributes of food operators and their attitudes towards halal certification in the context of Indonesia’s tourism industry

Kesan dasar makroekonomi kepada pelancongan di Malaysia

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kewujudan hubungan antara pelancongan, pertumbuhan dan dasar makroekonomi di Malaysia. Untuk tujuan tersebut ujian kointegrasi berasaskan struktur autoregrasi lat bertabur (ARDL) digunakan. Pemboleubah yang digunakan ialah pertumbuhan (KDNK), kadar pertukaran benar efektif (REER) perbelanjaan kerajaan (EXPM) dan krisis ekonomi (CR). Data tahun 1980 hingga 2009 bagi 10 buah negara terpilih iaitu Brunei, Thailand, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Amerika Syarikat (USA), Singapura, Jepun, India, Australia dan China digunakan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa ujian punca unit Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) bagi semua pemboleh ubah adalah pegun pada tahap paras I(0) atau pembezaan pertama I(1). Ujian kointegrasi menunjukkan wujud hubungan jangka panjang antara semua negara. Kadar pertukaran benar REER merupakan pemboleh ubah yang sangat penting mempengaruhi ketibaan pelancong berbanding pemboleh ubah lain seperti EXPM. EXPM umpamanya hanya signifikan mempengaruhi ketibaan pelancong bagi beberapa buah negara iaitu Australia, Brunei, Singapura, Thailand dan United Kingdom. Jika dibandingkan antara negara pula didapati setiap negara memperoleh keputusan yang berbeza. Australia umpamanya didapati tiga pemboleh ubah penting yang mempengaruhi ketibaan pelancong ialah KDNK, EXPM dan REER, manakala bagi negara Brunei dan United Kingdom hanya satu pemboleh ubah yang penting mempengaruhi ketibaan pelancong iaitu EXPM. Negara China dan Amerika Syarikat pula menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan bagi pemboleh ubah KDNK, REER dan CR

An empirical analysis of Malaysian palm oil export to world main palm oil importing countries : evidence from a panel cointegration model

The paper explores the long-term causal relationships of Malaysian palm oil exports with the real effective exchange rate of the respective importing countries, palm oil consumption, vegetable oil production, and GDP growth. The study applied panel cointegration and causality approaches based on data from 10 main palm oil importing countries between 2004 and 2018. The impacts of economic growth, the effective real exchange rate, and the production of other vegetable oils by the main palm oil importing countries on Malaysian palm oil exports were found to be negative. However, palm oil consumption by the main palm oil importers was found to be a statistically significant positive determinant of Malaysian palm oil exports. This finding indicates that consumption has a direct positive effect on the demand for exports. A panel Granger causality analysis revealed a unidirectional causality between importing countries’ production of other vegetable oils and Malaysian exports of palm oil

Demand for palm oil in the Balkans using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)

Demand for edible oils and fats in the Balkan countries shows an increasing trend, including the demand for palm oil. Imports of palm oil for this region are mainly sourced directly from major producing countries, namely Indonesia and Malaysia. The Balkan countries also import palm oil from non-palm oil producing countries like the Netherlands, Germany and Italy. This study differs from existing studies on palm oil demand as it focuses on palm oil demand specifically in the 4 countries of the Balkan Region. Therefore, the quarterly data from from 2008 to 2016 are used to examine the factors affecting demand for palm oil in the Balkans using, this study used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The result of the bound test from 4 Balkan countries only in 3 countries shows that the studied variables and palm oil demand there is a long-run relationship. The countries are Bulgaria, Croatia and Greece. This study also shows that GDP, population and palm oil price have significant influence on the demand for palm oil in the Balkan countries