Morphological, Pathogenic and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Oxysporum F.sp. Ciceri Isolates From Maharashtra, India

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (FOC) is considered as one of the major factors of low productivity in chickpea. The present study was conducted to determine the morphological, pathogenic and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variability of twenty isolates of FOC collected from the Maharashtra State of India, along with four reference isolates corresponding to four known FOC races. Pathogenicity of each isolate was confirmed using the wilt susceptible chick-pea genotype JG-62. The mycelia of all the isolates were septate, hyaline and profusely branched. All the FOC isolates produced micro- and macro-conidia in pure culture within seven days after inoculation. Based on the abilities of the isolates to cause dis-ease on an International set of chickpea differentials and genetic variability estimated by the RAPD technique, these 24 isolates were grouped into two pathotypes, i.e. pathotype I and pathotype II

Pelatihan Manajemen Usaha Kelompok Pengrajin Tenun Ikat Khas NTT

Abstract - This community partnership program aims to empower groups of weaving craftsmen in Sabu Tenun Village so that they can develop their business. The development carried out is from the aspects of business management and marketing. Partners in this Community Partnership program are the Kampung Sabu Weaving Group. The implementation team provides training to partners on business management and online product marketing. It is hoped that through this activity partners can have an entrepreneurial spirit and can carry out the marketing process online. This is so that the woven products produced can have a wider market, not only on display in galleries. The targeted output is that partners know better-organized marketing and management processes so that productivity increases.   Abstrak – Program kemitraan masyarakat ini bertujuan melakukan pemberdayaan kepada kelompok pengrajin tenun di Kampung Tenun Sabu agar dapat mengembangkan usahanya. Pengembangan yang dilakukan adalah dari aspek manajemen usaha dan pemasaran. Mitra dalam program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini adalah Kelompok Tenun Kampung Sabu. Tim Pelaksana memberikan pelatihan kepada mitra tentang manajemen usaha dan pemasaran produk secara online. Diharapkan lewat kegiatan ini mitradapat memiliki jiwa kewirausahaan dan dapat melakukan proses pemasaran secara onlne. Hal ini bertujuan agar produk tenunan yang dihasilkan dapat memliki pasar yang lebih luas, tidak hanya dipajang di galeri. Luaran yang ditargetkan adalah mitra memiliki pengetahuan tentang proses manajemen serta pemasaran yang lebih terorganisir sehinggga terjadi peningkatan produktivita

School Mapping System Using GIS for Aurangabad City

ABSTRACT: Quality and degradation of education affects more on upcoming youth consequently society as well on nation. Overall these consequences are come in to existing from childhood, thus new generation become inactive and unworthy. All this happen due to education system and inappropriate selection of school for their child. Parents are also not aware about that where and in which school they have to be admitting their child. In India, more than 50% parents admitted their child in nearest school, according to their availability of school. Every year hundreds of people shift their geographical location for their child education and by other service issue too. In India, thousands of parents are worrying about their child education. It is very crucial to have an application to guide and to determine that where to take admission for their child. School mapping may help to such users to determine suitable school and their requirements and priority. Schools in India are located and spread in inappropriate manner by breaking the rules of education board. So, to avoid future conflicts in new establishments of schools and proper management school mapping is an important issue for analysis to Govt. body of education. Mapping of schools according to geographical location GIS plays an important role. This paper gives peoples to an idea to choose best school around the area within the range, which is helpful for society to increase the education standard as well as to make appropriate choices accordingly

Ocean atmospheric processes over Bay of Bengal during two contrasting northeast monsoon onsets

1611-1618Conditions leading at the beginning of North-East Monsoon season on the Bay of Bengal studied using various ocean/ atmosphere parameters such as wind speed, shortwave radiation, sea surface temperature, latent heat flux, net surface heat flux and outgoing longwave radiation for two contrasting North-East monsoon onset years such as 1984 (Delayed) and 1999 (Early). During 1984 sea surface temperature is high over the northern portion of the Bay of Bengal but in 1999 which is the early North-East Monsoon year it is high over the south-eastern portion. In the delayed year i.e. in 1984, sea surface temperature over northern portion of Bay of Bengal warms more than an earlier year i.e. 1999, but contrast behaviour is observed in the south-eastern portion, it warms more in 1999 than 1984. From the analysis, it also observed that in delayed year more heat evaporates than an early year

Seed protein content and its relationships with agronomic traits in pigeonpea is controlled by both main and epistatic effects QTLs

The genetic architecture of seed protein content (SPC) and its relationships to agronomic traits in pigeonpea is poorly understood. Accordingly, five F2 populations segregating for SPC and four agronomic traits (seed weight (SW), seed yield (SY), growth habit (GH) and days to first flowering (DFF)) were phenotyped and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing approach. Five high-density population-specific genetic maps were constructed with an average inter-marker distance of 1.6 to 3.5 cM, and subsequently, integrated into a consensus map with average marker spacing of 1.6 cM. Based on analysis of phenotyping data and genotyping data, 192 main effect QTLs (M-QTLs) with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 0.7 to 91.3% were detected for the five traits across the five populations. Major effect (PVE ≥ 10%) M-QTLs included 14 M-QTLs for SPC, 16 M-QTLs for SW, 17 M-QTLs for SY, 19 M-QTLs for GH and 24 M-QTLs for DFF. Also, 573 epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) were detected with PVE ranging from 6.3 to 99.4% across traits and populations. Colocalization of M-QTLs and E-QTLs explained the genetic basis of the significant (P < 0.05) correlations of SPC with SW, SY, DFF and GH. The nature of genetic architecture of SPC and its relationship with agronomic traits suggest that genomics-assisted breeding targeting genome-wide variations would be effective for the simultaneous improvement of SPC and other important traits

A study of diffuse radio sources and X-ray emission in six massive clusters

The goal of this study is to extend our current knowledge of the diffuse radio source (halo and relic) populations to z > 0.3. Here, we report GMRT and EVLA radio observations of six galaxy clusters taken from the MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS) catalogue to detect diffuse radio emission. We used archival GMRT (150, 235, and 610 MHz) and EVLA (L band) data and made images at multiple radio frequencies of the following six clusters – MACSJ0417.5−1154, MACSJ1131.8−1955, MACSJ0308.9+2645, MACSJ2243.3−0935, MACSJ2228.5+2036, and MACSJ0358.8−2955. We detect diffuse radio emission (halo or relic, or both) in the first four clusters. In the last two clusters, we do not detect any diffuse radio emission but we put stringent upper limits on their radio powers. We also use archival Chandra X-ray data to carry out morphology and substructure analysis of these clusters. We find that based on X-ray data, these MACS clusters are non-relaxed and show substructures in their temperature distribution. The radio powers of the first four MACS clusters are consistent with their expected values in the LX–P1.4 GHz plot. However, we found ultrasteep spectrum radio halo in the MACSJ0417.5−1154 cluster whose rest-frame cut-off frequency is at ∼900 MHz. The remaining two clusters whose radio powers are ∼11 times below the expected values are most likely to be in the ‘off-state’ as has been postulated in some of the models of radio halo formation

Independence in CLP Languages

Studying independence of goals has proven very useful in the context of logic programming. In particular, it has provided a formal basis for powerful automatic parallelization tools, since independence ensures that two goals may be evaluated in parallel while preserving correctness and eciency. We extend the concept of independence to constraint logic programs (CLP) and prove that it also ensures the correctness and eciency of the parallel evaluation of independent goals. Independence for CLP languages is more complex than for logic programming as search space preservation is necessary but no longer sucient for ensuring correctness and eciency. Two additional issues arise. The rst is that the cost of constraint solving may depend upon the order constraints are encountered. The second is the need to handle dynamic scheduling. We clarify these issues by proposing various types of search independence and constraint solver independence, and show how they can be combined to allow dierent optimizations, from parallelism to intelligent backtracking. Sucient conditions for independence which can be evaluated \a priori" at run-time are also proposed. Our study also yields new insights into independence in logic programming languages. In particular, we show that search space preservation is not only a sucient but also a necessary condition for ensuring correctness and eciency of parallel execution

Energy harvesting from Microbial Fuel Cells – Wastewater to Electricity

MFCs have the potential to revolutionise wastewater treatment and catalyse a change in attitude towards wastewater as a commodity. It has been observed that domestic wastewater contains approximately 7.6 kJ/L of energy (Heidrich et al., 2011). In large-scale settings, wastewater could be used as an energy resource, offering huge savings in terms of cost and environmental burden. The major challenges facing the implementation of MFCs into wastewater treatment are scale up and energy harvesting/storage. In this study, a modular 20L air-breathing microbial fuel cell was developed alongside a smart energy harvesting (EH) system incorporating AI. The 20L air breathing MFC consists of modular cathode cassettes that enables easy maintenance and scale up to suit adaptive or changing end user requirements. PVDF/Stainless steel mesh cathodes are fabricated using phase inversion and oxygen reduction reaction catalysts incorporated in the polymeric matrix. Custom made carbon fibre brush electrodes are utilised as anodes. The system was inoculated with Shewanella Oneidensis MR-1 and ran under recirculating batch conditions. The MFC is monitored and controlled by a purpose-built circuit that tracks the performance of the individual cathode cassettes and configures the system via a custom Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for the best efficiency available for the given conditions. In addition, the circuit stores the extracted energy in a suitable energy storage element such as a capacitor bank or a rechargeable battery pack, with optimum charging levels. Moreover, the system is capable of learning multiple parameters associated with the MFC to optimise its parameters to maintain its high efficiency. The harvested energy can be used to power various types of electronic devices through the circuit's variable/adjustable power output. Heidrich, E., Curtis, T. and Dolfing, J. (2011). Determination of the Internal Chemical Energy of Wastewater. Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (2), 827-832. Available from 10.1021/es103058w

Plant vigour QTLs co-map with an earlier reported QTL hotspot for drought tolerance while water saving QTLs map in other regions of the chickpea genome

Background Terminal drought stress leads to substantial annual yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Adaptation to water limitation is a matter of matching water supply to water demand by the crop. Therefore, harnessing the genetics of traits contributing to plant water use, i.e. transpiration rate and canopy development dynamics, is important to design crop ideotypes suited to a varying range of water limited environments. With an aim of identifying genomic regions for plant vigour (growth and canopy size) and canopy conductance traits, 232 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between ICC 4958 and ICC 1882, were phenotyped at vegetative stage under well-watered conditions using a high throughput phenotyping platform (LeasyScan). Results Twenty one major quantitative trait loci (M-QTLs) were identified for plant vigour and canopy conductance traits using an ultra-high density bin map. Plant vigour traits had 13 M-QTLs on CaLG04, with favourable alleles from high vigour parent ICC 4958. Most of them co-mapped with a previously fine mapped major drought tolerance “QTL-hotspot” region on CaLG04. One M-QTL was found for canopy conductance on CaLG03 with the ultra-high density bin map. Comparative analysis of the QTLs found across different density genetic maps revealed that QTL size reduced considerably and % of phenotypic variation increased as marker density increased. Conclusion Earlier reported drought tolerance hotspot is a vigour locus. The fact that canopy conductance traits, i.e. the other important determinant of plant water use, mapped on CaLG03 provides an opportunity to manipulate these loci to tailor recombinants having low/high transpiration rate and plant vigour, fitted to specific drought stress scenarios in chickpea