1,714 research outputs found
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The Campbell Paradigm as a Behavior-Predictive Reinterpretation of the Classical Tripartite Model of Attitudes.
In this article, we introduce the Campbell Paradigm as a novel variant of Rosenberg and Hovlands (1960) tripartite model of attitudes. The Campbell Paradigm is based on a highly restricted measurement model that speaks of a compensatory relation between a persons latent attitude and the costs that come with any specific behavior. It overcomes the overarching weakness of the original tripartite model (i.e., its relative irrelevance for actual behavior) and offers a parsimonious explanation for behavior. Even though this seems attractive, we also discuss why the paradigm has not gained momentum in the 50Â years since it was originally proposed by Donald T. Campbell. To demonstrate the paradigms suitability even when implemented with an unrefined instrument in a domain where it has not been used previously, we apply the paradigm to a classic data example from attitude research from the 1984 US presidential election to account for the electorates voting intentions and actual voting behaviors
Erroneous environs or aberrant activities? Reconciling unexpected collection localities for three New Guinea Worm-eating Snakes (Toxicocalamus, Serpentes, Elapidae) using historical account
Permission granted from editor to include publisher's pdf file.In contrast to birds and large mammals, which can usually be
observed and recognized using binoculars and field guides, many
reptile and amphibian species are secretive, rarely seen, and
difficult to identify from a distance. The characters that separate
closely related snakes or lizards often revolve around some finite
details of the head or body scalation rather than highly visible
color patterns, and these are essentially impossible to discern
without close inspection; sometimes these characteristics are
difficult to determine even up close, without magnification.
Therefore, while many bird and mammal distribution maps may
be compiled from non-invasive observations, often by armies
of experienced amateurs, the ranges of many reptile species
often depend on the locality data that should accompany
museum specimens whose identity has been established. If
such data are inaccurate or erroneous, it may then easily lead to
misconceptions regarding the range and conservation status of a
particular species â to use a computing term, garbage in, garbage
out
A complete sample of radio sources in the North Ecliptic Cap, selected at 38 MHz -- III. further imaging observations and the photometric properties of the sample
Further imaging observations of a sample of radio sources in the North
Ecliptic Cap are presented and a number of new identifications are made. Using
redshifts from spectroscopic data presented in a companion paper (Lacy et al.\
1999b), the photometric properties of the galaxies in the sample are discussed.
It is shown that: (1) out to at least z~0.6 radio galaxies are good standard
candles irrespective of radio luminosity; (2) for 0.6~<z~<1 a large fraction of
the sample have magnitudes and colours consistent with a non-evolving giant
elliptical, and (3) at higher redshifts, where the R-band samples the
rest-frame UV flux, most objects have less UV luminosity than expected if they
form their stellar populations at a constant rate from a high redshift to
in unobscured star-forming regions (assuming an Einstein -- de Sitter
cosmology). The consequences of these observations are briefly discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRA
A portable, low-cost approach for photographing fluid preserved snake specimens- Recommendations with comments on optimizing specimen photography in Natural History collections
Access to preserved specimens in museum collections is one
of the key needs of those engaged in systematics research (e.g., Bi
et al. 2013; Rocha et al. 2014; McLean et al. 2016). Yet, sometimes
the constraints of research budgets and time prevent the optimal
use of this critical resource, resulting in project delays, incomplete information, or flawed scientific conclusions. With many
natural history museums now digitizing information related to
specimens in their collections, imaging of specimens is a logical
next step, and one of critical importance to make holdings available electronically to a broader audience (Baird 2010; Lister et al.
2011; Knight-Davis et al. 2015; Page et al. 2015).
A complete 2D image library of all specimens in a collection
may appear utopian at the moment, given the millions of specimens and lack of financial support for collections (e.g., Paknia
et al. 2015). However, outside of visiting each collection to study
individual specimens, or requesting loans of unique and valuable specimens, the lack of suitable specimen images means that
some data may simply remain unavailable to researchers who
cannot afford to obtain them. We wish to emphasize that the approach we advocate herein in no way negates the need to maintain and make accessible physical specimens in a collection. Although in rare cases where the lack of specimens is unavoidable
(e.g., Marshall and Evenhuis 2015; Pape et al. 2016), there is no replacement for examining a well-preserved specimen. Our method should be regarded as an ancillary technique, useful when it is
necessary to obtain preliminary data or when it is not possible to
examine the specimen in person, and for archival purposes
Mortgage, Treasury, CD and Fed Funds Rates Spreads and Risk Premiums: How do They Impact Net Interest Margins?
This paper utilized FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data) data from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis to examine historical risk premiums between 30-year mortgages and 30-year T-Bonds and spreads between yields on these two assets and funding costs represented by 6-month CD rates and fed funds rates. Risk premiums were greatest and spreads were smallest (some-times negative) during the high interest rate environment during the late 1970âs and early 1980âs. Risk premiums got smaller after the two financial crises of the 2000âs (the September 11, 2001 attack and the 2008 mortgage crisis) and the spreads became larger after both when the Federal Reserve cut rates tremendously. Despite these variations in income/cost spreads, net interest margins (to both total assets and earning assets) remained relatively stable. Regression analysis shows the best predictor of historical net interest margins was the 30-year treasury yield in lagged and non-lagged models. These results suggest the ability of banks to choose fund sources and fund uses allows them to reduce variation in net interest margins even while interest rates are volatile
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Freedwomen and the Freedmen\u27s Bureau: Race, Gender, and Public Policy in the Age of Emancipation
The effect of product variety on purchase probability
Regarding the effect of product variety on purchase probability, there exist findings which demonstrate a positive effect of variety for small assortments and a negative effect of variety for large assortments. Despite these results, little evidence exists about the causal mechanism of this effect. We conduct a field study among German consumer electronics customers to investigate the previously proposed constructs of anticipated product utility, anticipated regret and evaluation costs. The results suggest that anticipated regret and evaluation costs play a powerful role in explaining the negative link between variety and purchase probability for high variety assortments. Anticipated product utility on the other hand serves to explain part of the positive causality for low variety assortments. The results obtained give rise to recommendations for the planning of assortment
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