Implant Surgery in the Posterior Region of the Jaws

Kirurška implantacija u stražnje dijelove gornje i donje čeljusti može se u slučajevima kada postoji zadovoljavajući volumen kosti alveolarnoga nastavka izvesti bez poteškoća. No u slučajevima alveolarne atrofije i anatomskih ograničenja s obzirom na šupljinu maksilarnoga sinusa i kanal alveolarnoga živca, situacija postaje problematičnija i treba je riješiti različitim tehnikama presađivanja tkiva. Katkada može biti indicirana transpozicija alveolarnog živca. No tehnikama koje nam danas stoje na raspolaganju, većina se slučajeva može riješiti s dobrim rezultatima. U izlaganju će se prikazati neka od rješenja kojima se rehabilitacija postiže postavljanjem usatka u stražnje dijelove gornje i donje čeljusti.Implant surgery in the posterior regions of the upper and lower jaws is in cases with a satisfactory bone volume of the alveolar process not difficult. However, in cases of alveolar atrophy the anatomical limitations with the maxillary sinus cavity and the alveolar nerve canal the situation becomes more problematic and has to be solved by different kinds of graft techniques. Sometimes alveolar nerve transportation can be indicated. However with the techniques which are available today most cases can be solved with good results. The presentation will illustrate some of the solutions for implant rehabilitation in the posterior regions of the upper and lower jaw

Case series of maxillary sinus augmentation with biphasic calcium phosphate: a clinical and radiographic study

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate 3.5 years-cumulative survival rate of implants placed on augmented sinus using Osteon, a bone graft material, and to assess the height of the grafted material through radiographic evaluation. METHODS: Twenty patients were treated with maxillary sinus augmentation and 45 implant fixtures were installed simultaneously or after 6 months healing period. The height of the augmented sinus and the loss of marginal bone were measured by panoramic and intraoral radiographs immediately after augmentation and up to 42 months (mean, 19.4 months) subsequently. Changes in the height of the sinus graft material were calculated radiographically. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate was 95.56% in all 45 implants. Additionally, normal healing process without any complication was observed in all patients. The original sinus height was mean 4.3 mm and the augmented sinus height was mean 13.4 mm after the surgery. The mean marginal bone loss till 42 months was 0.52±0.56 mm. The reduced height of Osteon was 0.83±0.38 mm and it did not show significant correlation with the follow up periods (P=0.102). There were no statistically significant differences in reduced height of Osteon according to the simultaneous/delayed implantation (P=0.299) and particle size of Osteon (P=0.644). CONCLUSIONS: It can be suggested that Osteon may have predictable result when it was used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentationope

Sinus lifting before Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy: a suitable method for oral rehabilitation of edentulous patients with skelettal class-III conditions: review of the literature and report of a case

BACKGROUND: Functional rehabilitation of patients afflicted with severe mandibular and maxillary alveolar atrophy might be challenging especially in malformed patients. METHODS: Treatment planning using sinus lifting and implant placement before Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in a patient with severe mandibular and posterior maxillary alveolar atrophy and skelettal class-III conditions due to cleft palate are described. RESULTS: A full functional and esthetic rehabilitation of the patient was achieved by a stepwise surgical approach performed through sinus lifting as the primary approach followed by implant placement and subsequent Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy to correct the maxillo-mandibular relation. CONCLUSION: Stabilisation of the maxillary complex by a sinus lifting procedure in combination with computer aided implant placement as preorthodontic planning procedure before Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy seems to be suitable in order to allow ideal oral rehabilitation especially in malformed patients

Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of P. falciparum Malaria Parasites Exposed to Three Different Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are being intensively pursued as potential new drugs for a range of diseases, including malaria. HDAC inhibitors are also important tools for the study of epigenetic mechanisms, transcriptional control, and other important cellular processes. In this study the effects of three structurally related antimalarial HDAC inhibitors on P. falciparum malaria parasite gene expression were compared. The three hydroxamate-based compounds, trichostatin A (TSA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; Vorinostat®) and a 2-aminosuberic acid derivative (2-ASA-9), all caused profound transcriptional effects, with ∼2–21% of genes having >2-fold altered expression following 2 h exposure to the compounds. Only two genes, alpha tubulin II and a hydrolase, were up-regulated by all three compounds after 2 h exposure in all biological replicates examined. The transcriptional changes observed after 2 h exposure to HDAC inhibitors were found to be largely transitory, with only 1–5% of genes being regulated after removing the compounds and culturing for a further 2 h. Despite some structural similarity, the three inhibitors caused quite diverse transcriptional effects, possibly reflecting subtle differences in mode of action or cellular distribution. This dataset represents an important contribution to our understanding of how HDAC inhibitors act on malaria parasites and identifies alpha tubulin II as a potential transcriptional marker of HDAC inhibition in malaria parasites that may be able to be exploited for future development of HDAC inhibitors as new antimalarial agents

Management of Crown-related Fractures in Children: An Update Review

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a serious public health problem. Epidemiology of dental trauma indicates that these injuries are more prevalent in child population of the world. Children are the sufferers in two-thirds of all TDIs observed. Although being a major fraction, crown-related fractures are a less severe form of TDIs with respect to their complications and sequelae. However, as with other types of traumatic injuries, the delay in seeking for immediate care following a traumatic injury and the lack of appropriate treatment may compromise long-term outcomes. This article reviews the occurrence, management, and prognosis of crown-related fractures in primary and permanent teeth in light of the recent literature

Epigenetics of human cutaneous melanoma: setting the stage for new therapeutic strategies

Cutaneous melanoma is a very aggressive neoplasia of melanocytic origin with constantly growing incidence and mortality rates world-wide. Epigenetic modifications (i.e., alterations of genomic DNA methylation patterns, of post-translational modifications of histones, and of microRNA profiles) have been recently identified as playing an important role in melanoma development and progression by affecting key cellular pathways such as cell cycle regulation, cell signalling, differentiation, DNA repair, apoptosis, invasion and immune recognition. In this scenario, pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methyltransferases and/or of histone deacetylases were demonstrated to efficiently restore the expression of aberrantly-silenced genes, thus re-establishing pathway functions. In light of the pleiotropic activities of epigenetic drugs, their use alone or in combination therapies is being strongly suggested, and a particular clinical benefit might be expected from their synergistic activities with chemo-, radio-, and immuno-therapeutic approaches in melanoma patients. On this path, an important improvement would possibly derive from the development of new generation epigenetic drugs characterized by much reduced systemic toxicities, higher bioavailability, and more specific epigenetic effects