66 research outputs found
What Do Human Rights Mean for Citizenship Education?
The article argues that citizenship education and human rights education can be understood as educational responses to specific social and political challenges in different national, regional and global contexts. It outlines four cases: (1) Nbsp; the early German response of civic education; (2) The late British response of citizenship education; (3) The response of EDC within the European framework of the Council of Europe; (4) The response of HRE within the global framework of the UN and the UNESCO. The main aim is to contribute to the necessary clarification of what is shared and what is different of EDC and HRE in this ongoing process of cooperation and integration between the two approaches in Europe
Angular distribution studies on the two-photon ionization of hydrogen-like ions: Relativistic description
The angular distribution of the emitted electrons, following the two-photon
ionization of the hydrogen-like ions, is studied within the framework of second
order perturbation theory and the Dirac equation. Using a density matrix
approach, we have investigated the effects which arise from the polarization of
the incoming light as well as from the higher multipoles in the expansion of
the electron--photon interaction. For medium- and high-Z ions, in particular,
the non-dipole contributions give rise to a significant change in the angular
distribution of the emitted electrons, if compared with the electric-dipole
approximation. This includes a strong forward emission while, in dipole
approxmation, the electron emission always occurs symmetric with respect to the
plane which is perpendicular to the photon beam. Detailed computations for the
dependence of the photoelectron angular distributions on the polarization of
the incident light are carried out for the ionization of H, Xe, and
U (hydrogen-like) ions.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, published in J Phys
Radiological and pathological findings of a metastatic composite paraganglioma with neuroblastoma in a man: a case report
INTRODUCTION: Composite tumors of the adrenal medulla or paraganglia are extremely rare and present a diagnostic dilemma. These tumors consist of a neuroendocrine component mixed with a neural component.We describe the imaging characteristics together with the corresponding pathological findings of a composite tumor. Apart from any component-specific imaging findings, the hallmark of this entity is the presence of histologically distinguishable components.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our hospital due to a suspect lesion found on chest computed tomography carried out for unclear thoracic pain. An abdominal computed tomography scan and ultrasound examination detected a retroperitoneal tumor comprising two different tumor components. Twenty-four-hour urine revealed high levels of normetanephrine, characteristic of a neuroendocrine tumor. An octreoscan prior to surgical procedures revealed multiple osseous and intra-hepatic metastases. The final histopathological workup revealed a composite paraganglioma with neuroblastoma. Our patient died ten months after the initial diagnosis from tumor-associated complications.
CONCLUSIONS: Composite paragangliomas with neuroblastoma are rare tumors of the retroperitoneum. Such tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses
Angular momentumâinduced delays in solid-state photoemission enhanced by intra-atomic interactions
Attosecond time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals that photoemission from solids is not yet fully understood. The relative emission delays between four photoemission channels measured for the van der Waals crystal tungsten diselenide (WSe) can only be explained by accounting for both propagation and intra-atomic delays. The intra-atomic delay depends on the angular momentum of the initial localized state and is determined by intra-atomic interactions. For the studied case of WSe, the photoemission events are time ordered with rising initial-state angular momentum. Including intra-atomic electron-electron interaction and angular momentum of the initial localized state yields excellent agreement between theory and experiment. This has required a revision of existing models for solid-state photoemission, and thus, attosecond time-resolved photoemission from solids provides important benchmarks for improved future photoemission models.This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 613 (F.S., P.B., W.P., and U.H.), the Priority Programs SPP 1931 (C.S., M.H., and W.P.), and SPP 1840 (St.F., S.N., and W.P.); the Basque Government (grant IT-756-13 UPV/EHU) (V.M.S., E.E.K., R.D.M., P.M.E., and A.K.K.); and the Spanish Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad (grants FIS2016-76617-P and FIS2016-76471-P) (V.M.S., E.E.K., R.D.M., P.M.E., and A.K.K.) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (CTQ2016-
80375-P) (M.T.-S.). N.M.K. acknowledges hospitality and financial support from the theory group in cooperation with the small quantum systems (SQS) research group of European XFEL.Peer Reviewe
Periostin is up-regulated in high grade and high stage prostate cancer
BACKGROUND: Expression of periostin is an indicator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer but a detailed analysis of periostin expression in prostate cancer has not been conducted so far. METHODS: Here, we evaluated periostin expression in prostate cancer cells and peritumoural stroma immunohistochemically in two independent prostate cancer cohorts, including a training cohort (n = 93) and a test cohort (n = 325). Metastatic prostate cancers (n = 20), hormone refractory prostate cancers (n = 19) and benign prostatic tissues (n = 38) were also analyzed. RESULTS: In total, strong epithelial periostin expression was detectable in 142 of 418 (34.0%) of prostate carcinomas and in 11 of 38 benign prostate glands (28.9%). Increased periostin expression in carcinoma cells was significantly associated with high Gleason score (p < 0.01) and advanced tumour stage (p < 0.05) in the test cohort. Whereas periostin expression was weak or absent in the stroma around normal prostate glands, strong periostin expression in tumour stroma was found in most primary and metastatic prostate cancers. High stromal periostin expression was associated with higher Gleason scores (p < 0.001). There was a relationship between stromal periostin expression and shortened PSA relapse free survival times in the training cohort (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that periostin up-regulation is related to increased tumour aggressiveness in prostate cancer and might be a promising target for therapeutical interventions in primary and metastatic prostate cancer
Insegnare lâEuropa. Concetti e rappresentazioni nei libri di testo europei
Il volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca comparata che ha analizzato i manuali scolastici utilizzati oggi nei diversi paesi europei per verificare quale spazio abbia in essi la trattazione dellâEuropa, quali valori e concetti vengano presentati come caratterizzanti la civiltĂ europea, e in quali modi lâattenzione alle appartenenze nazionali venga coniugata con la nuova centralitĂ dellâEuropa.- Indice #5- Introduzione Nazioni ed Europa nellâeducazione scolastica: come vediamo noi stessi e gli âaltriâ?, Falk Pingel #13- Insegnare la singolaritĂ dellâEuropa, Charles Olivier Carbonell #75- Tradizione religiosa e identitĂ nazionale nellâEuropa sudorientale, RÄzvan Theodorescu #103- Cittadino, europeo e cosmopolita: scopi e compiti dellâeducazione civica, Alistair Ross #119- Diversi modi di vedere lâintegrazione europea, Juan DĂez Medrano #153- Tendenze attuali nei manuali spagnoli di storia e di geografia dellâeducazione secondaria obbligatoria, Rafael Valls #173- LâEuropa nei programmi e nei manuali scolastici francesi: verso una nuova comunitĂ immaginaria europea?, HĂ©lĂšne Baeyens #189- LâEuropa del Novecento: unâanalisi dei manuali di storia della scuola media italiana degli anni Novanta, Luigi Cajani #141- âUna nuova cultura capace di superare nazionalismi e separatismiâ. Esempi da libri di educazione civica italiani, Olga Bombardelli #239- LâEuropa nei libri di testo di storia del Regno Unito: insegnamento e apprendimento, Keith Crawford #265- LâEuropa nei testi di geografia inglesi, John Hopkin #295- âUn lento avvicinamento allâEuropaâ: la dimensione europea nei testi britannici di storia contemporanea, Mark Engel #319- LâEuropa si sta aprendo al resto del mondo? I cambiamenti avvenuti nella rappresentazione dellâEuropa nei testi scolastici della Germania dopo la riunificazione (Wende) del 1989/90, Rolf Westheider #329- Visioni del mondo legate alla geografia: lâEuropa vista dagli studenti della Germania, Armin HĂŒttermann #353- Cittadini della Germania e dellâUe. La rappresentazione dellâEuropa nei manuali scolastici tedeschi di educazione politica, K. Peter Fritzsche #375- LâEuropa nei manuali greci di educazione civica, Despina Karakatsani #395- Dalla rivoluzione mondiale al dominio degli ambienti culturali? La rappresentazione dellâEuropa nei testi scolastici russi di âstoria mondialeâ, Michail A. Bojcov #417- Alla ricerca di un cammino verso lâEuropa: la dimensione europea nei testi di storia del XX secolo della Russia, Vera Kaplan #441- Lâimmagine dellâEuropa nei libri di testo della Romania, Mirela LuminiĆŁa Murgescu #473- Lââaltraâ entitĂ politica esterna e le immagini dellâEuropa nei manuali di storia moderna della Bulgaria successivi al 1917, Snezhana Dimitrova #501- La storia europea allâuniversitĂ di Belgrado: momenti concettuali della sua rappresentazione, Milan RistoviÄ #521- Ricerca storica e redazione dei libri di testo nelle entitĂ statali nate dalla Jugoslavia socialista, Neven Budak #535- Tra euforia, moderazione e isolamento: lâEuropa nei testi scolastici di storia delle repubbliche della ex Jugoslavia, Heike Karge #551- Prospettive sullâeducazione ai diritti dellâuomo nella Repubblica serba, Aleksandra PetroviÄ #59
On-shell neutral Higgs bosons in the NMSSM with complex parameters
The Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard model (NMSSM) appears as an
interesting candidate for the interpretation of the Higgs-measurement at the
LHC and as a rich framework embedding physics beyond the Standard Model. We
consider the renormalization of the Higgs sector of this model in its
-violating version, and propose a renormalization scheme for the
calculation of on-shell Higgs masses. Moreover, the connection between the
physical states and the tree-level ones is no longer trivial at the radiative
level: a proper description of the corresponding transition thus proves
necessary in order to calculate Higgs production and decays at a consistent
loop order. After discussing these formal aspects, we compare the results of
our mass calculation to the output of existing tools. We also study the
relevance of the on-shell transition-matrix in the example of the width. We find deviations between our full prescription and
popular approximations that can exceed .Comment: 28 pages, 11 figure
The Effect of Complex Interventions on Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background
Depression and anxiety are very common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Patients prefer non-drug treatments and clinical guidelines promote non-pharmacological interventions as first line therapy for depression and anxiety in people with long term conditions. However the comparative effectiveness of psychological and lifestyle interventions among COPD patients is not known. We assessed whether complex psychological and/or lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with COPD. We then determined what types of psychological and lifestyle interventions are most effective.
Methods and Findings
Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychological and/or lifestyle interventions for adults with COPD that measured symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched up to April 2012. Meta-analyses using random effects models were undertaken to estimate the average effect of interventions on depression and anxiety. Thirty independent comparisons from 29 randomised controlled trials (nâ=â2063) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, psychological and/or lifestyle interventions were associated with small reductions in symptoms of depression (standardised mean difference â0.28, 95% confidence interval â0.41 to â0.14) and anxiety (standardised mean difference â0.23, 95% confidence interval â0.38 to â0.09). Multi-component exercise training was the only intervention subgroup associated with significant treatment effects for depression (standardised mean difference â0.47, 95% confidence interval â0.66 to â0.28), and for anxiety (standardised mean difference â0.45, 95% confidence interval â0.71 to â0.18).
Conclusions
Complex psychological and/or lifestyle interventions that include an exercise component significantly improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with COPD. Furthermore, multi-component exercise training effectively reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression in all people with COPD regardless of severity of depression or anxiety, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity in this population
Tunable Porous Organic Crystals: Structural Scope and Adsorption Properties of Nanoporous Steroidal Ureas
Previous work has shown that certain steroidal bis-(N-phenyl)ureas, derived from cholic acid, form crystals in the P61 space group with unusually wide unidimensional pores. A key feature of the nanoporous steroidal urea (NPSU) structure is that groups at either end of the steroid are directed into the channels and may in principle be altered without disturbing the crystal packing. Herein we report an expanded study of this system, which increases the structural variety of NPSUs and also examines their inclusion properties. Nineteen new NPSU crystal structures are described, to add to the six which were previously reported. The materials show wide variations in channel size, shape, and chemical nature. Minimum pore diameters vary from âŒ0 up to 13.1 Ă
, while some of the interior surfaces are markedly corrugated. Several variants possess functional groups positioned in the channels with potential to interact with guest molecules. Inclusion studies were performed using a relatively accessible tris-(N-phenyl)urea. Solvent removal was possible without crystal degradation, and gas adsorption could be demonstrated. Organic molecules ranging from simple aromatics (e.g., aniline and chlorobenzene) to the much larger squalene (Mw = 411) could be adsorbed from the liquid state, while several dyes were taken up from solutions in ether. Some dyes gave dichroic complexes, implying alignment of the chromophores in the NPSU channels. Notably, these complexes were formed by direct adsorption rather than cocrystallization, emphasizing the unusually robust nature of these organic molecular hosts
Menschenrechtsbildung: Warum wir sie brauchen und was sie ausmacht. Ein Profil in 15 Thesen
Im Dezember 2000 bestÀtigte und bekrÀftigte die Kultusministerkonferenz ihre "Empfehlung zur Förderung der Menschenrechtserziehung in der Schule" aus dem Jahr 1980. Menschenrechtserziehung gehört danach zum Kernbereich des Bildungs- und Erziehungsauftrags. In diesem Beitrag skizziert Fritzsche in 15 Thesen die notwendigen Merkmale einer Menschenrechtsbildung
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