Peculiarities of the menstrual function of adolescent girls, internal migrants from the highland regions of Kyrgyzstan

Objective: To study the nature of changes and peculiarities of the menstrual function in adolescent girls, internal migrants from the highland regions of the republic, depending on the length of stay in lowland areas. Methods: Overall 387 migrants from high-altitude girls were examined. The obtained data were compared with those of 280 girls, permanent residents of Bishkek. We examined the residence duration in both highlands and lowlands, the age of the menarche, the length of the menstrual cycle, the number of menstruation days, the frequency and the amount of blood loss before and after moving to lowland conditions. Results:- Lengthening of the menstrual cycle and an increase in menstruation days, as well as, a slight increase for blood loss during menstruation were revealed. The change in place of residence also affects the regularity of the menstrual cycle, which may be due to some hypocoagulation state of the hemostasis system in them during de-adaptation to low-mountain conditions. These changes are particularly pronounced when the term of residence in the lowlands is up to 1 year. Conclusion: Thus, the study of peculiarities of menstrual function and tendencies of its changes in response to the move from highland region to the lowland region for adolescent girls showed that there is a slight increase of a menstrual cycle and an increase in the menstruation itself. In addition, there was an increase in the amount of blood loss during menstruation. The change of place of residence influenced the regularity of the menstrual cycle as well, which may be due to some hypocoagulation state of the hemostasis system in them during de-adaptation to low-mountain conditions. These changes are especially expressed for girls who just move in to the lowland region and being there for up to a year

Producing valid statistics when legislation, culture, and medical practices differ for births at or before the threshold of survival: Report of a European workshop

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Hereditary microspherocytosis in children

The article deals data on hemolytic anemia – Minkowski-Shoffar disease: causes, pathogenesis, clinical signs, severity, features of diagnosis and treatmentВ статье рассмотрены данные о гемолитической анемии – болезни Минковского-Шоффара: причины, патогенез, клинические признаки, степени тяжести, особенности диагностики и лечени

Spacial and temporal dynamics of the volume fraction of the colloidal particles inside a drying sessile drop

Using lubrication theory, drying processes of sessile colloidal droplets on a solid substrate are studied. A simple model is proposed to describe temporal dynamics both the shape of the drop and the volume fraction of the colloidal particles inside the drop. The concentration dependence of the viscosity is taken into account. It is shown that the final shapes of the drops depend on both the initial volume fraction of the colloidal particles and the capillary number. The results of our simulations are in a reasonable agreement with the published experimental data. The computations for the drops of aqueous solution of human serum albumin (HSA) are presented.Comment: Submitted to EPJE, 7 pages, 8 figure

Influence of the high-power ion-beam irradiation of a hydroxyapatite target on the properties of formed calcium phosphate coatings

The physical-mechanical of properties of biocompatible calcium phosphate coatings deposited onto titanium and silicon substrates from erosion materials, which are generated by irradiating hydroxyapatite (synthetic and natural) targets by means of the high-power pulsed ion beam of a Temp-4 accelerator, are investigated. A calculation technique for predicting the rate and energy efficiency of deposition using pulsed ion beams is proposed. Their characteristics are analyzed as applied to the formation of calcium phosphate coatings

SWOT analysis of the Yandex distance learning system. Textbook

В статье на основе SWOT-анализа проанализированы факторы, определяющие внутреннюю и внешнюю среду функционирования образовательного сервиса.The article analyzes the factors that determine the internal and external environment of the educational service functioning on the basis of SWOT analysis

Биологические микрочипы в экспресс-идентификации штаммов M. tuberculosis с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью у больных туберкулезом в Республике Кыргызстан

The aim of the study was to estimate spread of primary and secondary multiple drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and to characterize rpoB, katG, inhA, and ahpC gene mutations of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistant MBT strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Kyrgyz. We obtained 493 specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis which were diagnosed based on clinical, X-ray, and bacteriological examination. Among them, newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis was in 445 patients (90.2 %), and 48 of the patients (9.8 %) have already been treated for tuberculosis. Mutations of rpoB, KatG, inhA, and ahpC genes associated with RIF and INH resistance were detected by biological chip test. Sensitive MBT strains were detected in 47 % and resistant strains were in 53 % of the newly diagnosed patients. Single-drug resistance to RIF only was detected in 3 % of cases; resistance to INH was found in 20 %, resistance to both the drugs was detected in 30 % of the patients. In pre-treated patients single-drug resistance to RIF was defined in 4 % of cases, resistance to INH was in 8 %, resistance to both the drugs was estimated in 75 % of the patients. Therefore, we suppose that there is a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant MBT in Kyrgyz Republic: 30 % among newly diagnosed patients and 75 % among pre-treated patients. The main cause of RIF-resistance of MBT is Ser531→Leu mutation of rpoB gene, and the main cause of INHresistance is Ser315→Thr mutation of katG gene.Целью работы было изучить частоту встречаемости штаммов Mycobacterium tuberculosis (МБТ) с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью среди впервые выявленных и ранее пролеченных больных туберкулезом. Обследовано 493 больных (275 мужчин и 218 женщин) с клинически подтвержденным диагнозом легочного туберкулеза; 445 (90,2 %) пациентов относились к впервые выявленным больным и 48 (9,8 %) человек ранее получали лечение. Мутации в генах rpoB, katG, inhA и ahpC, обусловливающих устойчивость MБТ к рифампицину и изониазиду, определяли методом биологических микрочипов. Обнаружено, что 47 % впервые выявленных больных были инфицированы лекарственно чувствительными и 53 % – лекарственно устойчивыми штаммами МБТ. При этом монорезистентность только к рифампицину определена у 3 % больных, монорезистентность к изониазиду – у 20 %. Мультирезистентные штаммы у впервые выявленных больных выявлены в 30 % случаев. Среди ранее пролеченных больных лекарственно чувствительные штаммы выявлены у 13 %, лекарственно устойчивые штаммы – у 87 % больных. Монорезистентность к рифампицину определена у 4 %, монорезистентность к изониазиду – у 8 % больных. МБТ с мультирезистентностью выявлены у 75 % обследованных. Таким образом, в Республике Кыргызстан отмечается высокий удельный вес туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью как среди впервые выявленных (30 %), так и среди пациентов, ранее получавших лечение (75 %). Устойчивость МБТ к рифампицину чаще всего обусловлена мутацией Ser531→Leu 531 кодона гена rpoB. Устойчивость МБТ к изониазиду в основном обусловлена мутацией Ser315→Thr 315 кодона гена katG

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Quaternary Ammonium 4-Deoxypyridoxine Derivatives

© 2016 Nikita V. Shtyrlin et al.A series of novel quaternary ammonium 4-deoxypyridoxine derivatives was synthesized. Two compounds demonstrated excellent activity against a panel of Gram-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains with MICs in the range of 0.5-2 μg/mL, exceeding the activity of miramistin. At the same time, both compounds were inactive against the Gram-negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains. Cytotoxicity studies on human skin fibroblasts and embryonic kidney cells demonstrated that the active compounds possessed similar toxicity with benzalkonium chloride but were slightly more toxic than miramistin. SOS-chromotest in S. typhimurium showed the lack of DNA-damage activity of both compounds; meanwhile, one compound showed some mutagenic potential in the Ames test. The obtained results make the described chemotype a promising starting point for the development of new antibacterial therapies

A genogeographic study of the Kyrgyz mountain merino via microsatellite markers

The aim was to ascertain the genetic and geographical structure of the Kyrgyz mountain merino (KMM). We analyzed DNA samples of 109 Kyrgyz mountain merino specimens, bred in three state breeding factories (STB), including“Orgochor” in the Issykul Province,“Katta-Taldyk” in the Osh Province and STb named after Luschikhin in the Talas Province. We identified 126 alleles in 12 microsatellite markers (McM042, INRA006, McM527, ETH152, CSRD247, OarFCB20, INRA172, INRA063, MAF065, MAF214, INRA005, INRA023). There were 6 to 16 alleles in each locus (mean 10.500 ± 0.957 alleles per locus). We identified 67 rare alleles (prevalence less than 5.0 %), which made up 53.2 % of all alleles found. The greatest number of rare alleles was found in STR-markers of CSRD247, INRA023, INRA005, INRA006, MAF214 and OarFCB20. For each group, there were individual differences in the distribution of allele frequencies across all the STR loci studied. The most significant of them were as follows: with regard to the McM042 locus, allele 87 was major in the TALAS and OSH groups (35.6 and 45.7 %, respectively), whereas allele 95 was major in the ISSYK-KUL group (36.2 %); allele 154 was major in all groups with regard to the INRA172 locus, but it was 1.25 times less prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and 1.66 times less prevalent in the OSH groups compared to TALAS (55.2 and 41.4 %, respectively), whereas alleles 156 and 158 were found only in the ISSYK-KUL group. Considering the ETH152 locus, 186 allele prevalence in the TALAS group was 51.1 %, but allele 190 was also markedly prevalent in the ISSYK-KUL and OSH groups, 34.5 and 34.3 %, respectively. The genetic division of the studied groups of KMM (with K from 3 to 10) was homogeneous – the contribution of each subcluster was equivalent. The AMOVA analysis revealed that the groups are located equidistantly. To conclude, the genetic diversity of the Kyrgyz mountain merino in three state breeding factories of the Kyrgyz Republic was high and comparable with each other