1,328 research outputs found

    Collective motion of self-propelled particles interacting without cohesion

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    We present a comprehensive study of Vicsek-style self-propelled particle models in two and three space dimensions. The onset of collective motion in such stochastic models with only local alignment interactions is studied in detail and shown to be discontinuous (first-order like). The properties of the ordered, collectively moving phase are investigated. In a large domain of parameter space including the transition region, well-defined high-density and high-order propagating solitary structures are shown to dominate the dynamics. Far enough from the transition region, on the other hand, these objects are not present. A statistically-homogeneous ordered phase is then observed, which is characterized by anomalously-strong density fluctuations, superdiffusion, and strong intermittency.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review

    Permafrost - physical aspects and carbon cycling, databases and uncertainties

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    Permafrost is defined as ground that remains below 0°C for at least 2 consecutive years. About 24% of the northern hemisphere land area is underlain by permafrost. The thawing of permafrost has the potential to influence the climate system through the release of carbon (C) from northern high latitude terrestrial ecosystems, but there is substantial uncertainty about the sensitivity of the C cycle to thawing permafrost. Soil C can be mobilized from permafrost in response to changes in air temperature, directional changes in water balance, fire, thermokarst, and flooding. Observation networks need to be implemented to understand responses of permafrost and C at a range of temporal and spatial scales. The understanding gained from these observation networks needs to be integrated into modeling frameworks capable of representing how the responses of permafrost C will influence the trajectory of climate in the future

    Development of an antibody fragment that stabilizes GPCR/G-protein complexes.

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    Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently enabled high-resolution structure determination of numerous biological macromolecular complexes. Despite this progress, the application of high-resolution cryo-EM to G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in complex with heterotrimeric G proteins remains challenging, owning to both the relative small size and the limited stability of these assemblies. Here we describe the development of antibody fragments that bind and stabilize GPCR-G protein complexes for the application of high-resolution cryo-EM. One antibody in particular, mAb16, stabilizes GPCR/G-protein complexes by recognizing an interface between Gα and GÎČÎł subunits in the heterotrimer, and confers resistance to GTPÎłS-triggered dissociation. The unique recognition mode of this antibody makes it possible to transfer its binding and stabilizing effect to other G-protein subtypes through minimal protein engineering. This antibody fragment is thus a broadly applicable tool for structural studies of GPCR/G-protein complexes

    Electric control of collective atomic coherence in an Erbium doped solid

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    We demonstrate fast and accurate control of the evolution of collective atomic coherences in an Erbium doped solid using external electric fields. This is achieved by controlling the inhomogeneous broadening of Erbium ions emitting at 1536 nm using an electric field gradient and the linear Stark effect. The manipulation of atomic coherence is characterized with the collective spontaneous emission (optical free induction decay) emitted by the sample after an optical excitation, which does not require any previous preparation of the atoms. We show that controlled dephasing and rephasing of the atoms by the electric field result in collapses and revivals of the optical free induction decay. Our results show that the use of external electric fields does not introduce any substantial additional decoherence and enables the manipulation of collective atomic coherence with a very high degree of precision on the time scale of tens of ns. This provides an interesting resource for photonic quantum state storage and quantum state manipulation.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

    General framework of the non-perturbative renormalization group for non-equilibrium steady states

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    This paper is devoted to presenting in detail the non-perturbative renormalization group (NPRG) formalism to investigate out-of-equilibrium systems and critical dynamics in statistical physics. The general NPRG framework for studying non-equilibrium steady states in stochastic models is expounded and fundamental technicalities are stressed, mainly regarding the role of causality and of Ito's discretization. We analyze the consequences of Ito's prescription in the NPRG framework and eventually provide an adequate regularization to encode them automatically. Besides, we show how to build a supersymmetric NPRG formalism with emphasis on time-reversal symmetric problems, whose supersymmetric structure allows for a particularly simple implementation of NPRG in which causality issues are transparent. We illustrate the two approaches on the example of Model A within the derivative expansion approximation at order two, and check that they yield identical results.Comment: 28 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections prior to publicatio

    Diversite et Abondance Relative des Oiseaux d’Eau du Parc National de la Comoe, Cote d’Ivoire

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    Les oiseaux d’eau constituent une des composantes remarquables de la faune aquatique. Cependant, elle est mal connue dans le nord du pays tout comme, au PNC qui hĂ©berge pourtant de nombreuses espĂšces d’oiseaux. Ce prĂ©sent travail a pour but d’apporter pour la premiĂšre fois des donnĂ©es aussi bien qualitatives que quantitatives sur les oiseaux d’eau du PNC en vue d’amĂ©liorer les connaissances sur cette catĂ©gorie de l’avifaune pour une meilleure gestion de ces oiseaux. Un inventaire ornithologique Ă©tĂ© menĂ© de septembre 2017 Ă  aoĂ»t 2019 au parc national de la ComoĂ© sur les oiseaux d’eau dans trois diffĂ©rents types d’habitats (les mares, le fleuve ComoĂ© et les savanes). Pour sa rĂ©alisation, la mĂ©thode des points d’écoute et des marches lentes marquĂ©es d’arrĂȘts le long de la ComoĂ© et de ces principaux affluents ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©es. À l’issu de nos inventaires 47 espĂšces d’oiseaux d’eau appartenant Ă  18 familles ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©es. Les non-passĂ©riformes avec 42 espĂšces reprĂ©sentent 89,36% de la richesse spĂ©cifique. Au niveau des familles, celle des Ardeidae reprĂ©sente 23,81% de la richesse spĂ©cifique totale avec 10 espĂšces. Au titre des abondances 2660 individus ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s sur l’ensemble de nos sites. Le HĂ©ron garde-bƓuf Bubulcus ibis (570 individus, 21,43%) et l’Ombrette africaine Scopus umbretta (193individus, 07,26%) sont les espĂšces comptant les plus grands effectifs des oiseaux d’eau. Les espĂšces d'oiseaux d'eau ont plus frĂ©quentĂ©s le parc entre octobre et avril et les abondances les plus importantes se situent entre dĂ©cembre et mars. Seule la Cigogne Ă©piscopale Ciconia episcopus est considĂ©rĂ©e comme vulnĂ©rable selon l’UICN (2022).   Waterbirds are a remarkable component of the aquatic fauna. However, it is poorly known in the north of Ivory Coast, as well as in the ComoĂ© National Park, which is home to many bird species. The aim of this study is to provide for the first time qualitative and quantitative data on waterbirds in the ComoĂ© National Park in order to improve knowledge of this category of avifauna for a better management of these birds. An ornithological inventory was conducted from September 2017 to August 2019 in the ComoĂ© National Park on waterbirds in three different types of habitats (ponds, the ComoĂ© River and savannahs). The method of count points and slow walks with stops along the ComoĂ© River and its main tributaries were preferred. At the end of our surveys 47 species of waterbirds belonging to 18 families were inventoried. The non-passeriformes with 42 species represent 89.36% of the species richness. In terms of families, the Ardeidae family represents 23.81% of the total species richness with 10 species. In terms of abundance, 2660 individuals were observed on all our sites. The Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (570 individuals, 21.43%) and the Hamerkop Scopus umbretta (193 individuals, 07.26%) are the species with the highest numbers of waterbirds. Waterbird species visited the park most between October and April, with the highest abundances between December and March. Only the Woolly-Necked stork Ciconia episcopus is considered near threatened according to the IUCN (2022)

    DiversitĂ© et Abondance Relative des Oiseaux d’Eau du Parc National de la ComoĂ©, CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Les oiseaux d’eau constituent une des composantes remarquables de la faune aquatique. Cependant, les oiseaux d’eau du nord de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire et en particulier ceux du Parc National de la ComoĂ© sont mĂ©connus. L’objectif de ce travail est d’amĂ©liorer les connaissances de cette avifaune pour une meilleure gestion de ces espĂšces. Ces amĂ©liorations reposent sur des donnĂ©es qualitatives et quantitatives. Un inventaire ornithologique a Ă©tĂ© menĂ© de septembre 2017 Ă  aoĂ»t 2019 au Parc national de la ComoĂ© sur les oiseaux d’eau dans trois diffĂ©rents types d’habitats (les mares, les forĂȘts galeries et les savanes). Pour sa rĂ©alisation, la mĂ©thode des points d’écoute et des marches lentes marquĂ©es d’arrĂȘts le long de la ComoĂ© et de ces principaux affluents ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©es. À l’issu de ces inventaires, 47 espĂšces d’oiseaux d’eau appartenant Ă  18 familles ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©es. Les non-PassĂ©riformes avec 42 espĂšces reprĂ©sentent 89,36% de la richesse spĂ©cifique. Au niveau des familles, celle des Ardeidae reprĂ©sente 23,81% de la richesse spĂ©cifique totale avec 10 espĂšces. Ce sont 2685 individus qui ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s sur l’ensemble de des sites. Le HĂ©ron garde-bƓuf Bubulcus ibis (570 individus, 21,23%) et l’Ombrette africaine Scopus umbretta (193 individus, 07,19%) sont les espĂšces comptant les plus grands effectifs des oiseaux d’eau. Les espĂšces d'oiseaux d'eau ont plus frĂ©quentĂ© le parc en saison sĂšche (octobre et avril) et les abondances les plus importantes se situent entre dĂ©cembre et mars. Au titre de l’utilisation des habitats par les oiseaux d’eau, il s’observe une prĂ©fĂ©rence de ces derniers pour les forĂȘts galeries. Seule la Cigogne Ă©piscopale Ciconia episcopus est considĂ©rĂ©e comme proche de la menace selon l’UICN (2022).   Waterbirds are a remarkable component of aquatic fauna. However, little is known about the waterbirds of northern CĂŽte d'Ivoire, and in particular those of the ComoĂ© National Park. The aim of this work is to improve knowledge of this avifauna in order to improve the management of these species. These improvements are based on qualitative and quantitative data. An ornithological survey was carried out from September 2017 to August 2019 in the ComoĂ© National Park on waterbirds in three different types of habitats (ponds, gallery forests, and savannahs). The method used was count points and slow walks with stops along the ComoĂ© and its main tributaries. As a result of these surveys, 47 species of waterbirds belonging to 18 families were inventoried. The non-Passeriformes, with 42 species, accounted for 89.36% of the species richness. In terms of families, the Ardeidae family represented 23.81% of the total species richness, with 10 species. A total of 2,685 individuals were observed at all the sites. The Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (570 individuals, 21.23%) and the Hamerkop Scopus umbretta (193 individuals, 07.19%) were the species with the highest numbers of waterbirds. Waterbird species visited the park most during the dry season (October and April), with the greatest abundance between December and March. In terms of habitat use by waterbirds, there is a preference for gallery forests. Only the Woolly-Necked stork Ciconia episcopus is considered to be close to threatened according to the IUCN (2022)

    Diversite et Abondance Relative des Oiseaux d’Eau du Parc National de la Comoe, Cote d’Ivoire

    Get PDF
    Les oiseaux d’eau constituent une des composantes remarquables de la faune aquatique. Cependant, elle est mal connue dans le nord du pays tout comme, au PNC qui hĂ©berge pourtant de nombreuses espĂšces d’oiseaux. Ce prĂ©sent travail a pour but d’apporter pour la premiĂšre fois des donnĂ©es aussi bien qualitatives que quantitatives sur les oiseaux d’eau du PNC en vue d’amĂ©liorer les connaissances sur cette catĂ©gorie de l’avifaune pour une meilleure gestion de ces oiseaux. Un inventaire ornithologique Ă©tĂ© menĂ© de septembre 2017 Ă  aoĂ»t 2019 au parc national de la ComoĂ© sur les oiseaux d’eau dans trois diffĂ©rents types d’habitats (les mares, le fleuve ComoĂ© et les savanes). Pour sa rĂ©alisation, la mĂ©thode des points d’écoute et des marches lentes marquĂ©es d’arrĂȘts le long de la ComoĂ© et de ces principaux affluents ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©es. À l’issu de nos inventaires 47 espĂšces d’oiseaux d’eau appartenant Ă  18 familles ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©es. Les non-passĂ©riformes avec 42 espĂšces reprĂ©sentent 89,36% de la richesse spĂ©cifique. Au niveau des familles, celle des Ardeidae reprĂ©sente 23,81% de la richesse spĂ©cifique totale avec 10 espĂšces. Au titre des abondances 2660 individus ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s sur l’ensemble de nos sites. Le HĂ©ron garde-bƓuf Bubulcus ibis (570 individus, 21,43%) et l’Ombrette africaine Scopus umbretta (193individus, 07,26%) sont les espĂšces comptant les plus grands effectifs des oiseaux d’eau. Les espĂšces d'oiseaux d'eau ont plus frĂ©quentĂ©s le parc entre octobre et avril et les abondances les plus importantes se situent entre dĂ©cembre et mars. Seule la Cigogne Ă©piscopale Ciconia episcopus est considĂ©rĂ©e comme vulnĂ©rable selon l’UICN (2022).   Waterbirds are a remarkable component of the aquatic fauna. However, it is poorly known in the north of Ivory Coast, as well as in the ComoĂ© National Park, which is home to many bird species. The aim of this study is to provide for the first time qualitative and quantitative data on waterbirds in the ComoĂ© National Park in order to improve knowledge of this category of avifauna for a better management of these birds. An ornithological inventory was conducted from September 2017 to August 2019 in the ComoĂ© National Park on waterbirds in three different types of habitats (ponds, the ComoĂ© River and savannahs). The method of count points and slow walks with stops along the ComoĂ© River and its main tributaries were preferred. At the end of our surveys 47 species of waterbirds belonging to 18 families were inventoried. The non-passeriformes with 42 species represent 89.36% of the species richness. In terms of families, the Ardeidae family represents 23.81% of the total species richness with 10 species. In terms of abundance, 2660 individuals were observed on all our sites. The Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis (570 individuals, 21.43%) and the Hamerkop Scopus umbretta (193 individuals, 07.26%) are the species with the highest numbers of waterbirds. Waterbird species visited the park most between October and April, with the highest abundances between December and March. Only the Woolly-Necked stork Ciconia episcopus is considered near threatened according to the IUCN (2022)
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