286 research outputs found
Comparison of different strategies of utilizing fuzzy clustering in structure identification
Fuzzy systems approximate highly nonlinear systems by means of fuzzy "if-then"
rules. In the literature, various algorithms are proposed for mining. These algorithms commonly utilize fuzzy clustering in structure identification. Basically, there are three different approaches in which one can utilize fuzzy clustering; the �first one is based on input space clustering, the second one considers clustering realized in the output space, while the third one is concerned with clustering realized in the combined input-output space. In this study, we analyze these three approaches. We discuss each of the algorithms in great detail and o¤er a thorough comparative analysis. Finally, we compare the performances of these algorithms in a medical diagnosis classi�cation problem, namely Aachen Aphasia Test. The experiment and the results provide a valuable insight about the merits and the shortcomings of these three clustering approaches
Effect of textured soy protein and tomato pulp on chemical, physical and sensory properties of ground chicken döner kebab
The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of textured soy protein, tomato pulp and their combination on inhibition of lipid oxidation which affects the shelf life of meat products. In addition, microbiological, chemical, textural and sensory properties of döner kebab were determined in this study. According to the results of the study, cooking loss significantly decreased in döner kebab by using combination of textured soy protein and tomato pulp (P < 0.05). It was determined that using tomato pulp was effective for controlling lipid oxidation in döner kebab during 10 days of storage at 4°C compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). The results show that using textured soy protein with or without tomato pulp have effect on oxidation, pH, color values, texture, color intensity, firmness, juiciness and flavor properties of döner kebab compared to the control group. Although, all of döner kebab groups received high scores for the overall acceptability, döner kebabs manufactured with textured soy protein were the most preferred döner kebab group in terms of taste (P < 0.05).Key words: Döner kebab, soy protein, tomato pulp
Tuning macroscopic sliding friction at soft contact interfaces: Interaction of bulk and surface heterogeneities
Macroscopic frictional response of soft interfaces is strongly governed by the interaction of surface heterogeneities such as micro-texture features with bulk heterogeneities such as voids or inclusions beneath the highly deformable surface. This microscopic interaction manifests itself on the macroscale as an interface response that is reminiscent of stick-slip. Consequently, the accompanying macroscopic friction signal exhibits strong oscillations around a mean value, which itself significantly differs from its microscopic value due to finite deformations. In this work, a mechanism is proposed which enables the tuning of the macroscopic friction signal of soft interfaces. Specifically, it is demonstrated that optimally positioning subsurface particles in the vicinity of micro-texture features can significantly reduce observed oscillations, thereby allowing control of macroscopic sliding friction. © 2016 Elsevier Lt
Sedoanalgesia Administration with Propofol and Ketamine for Minor Urologic Interventions
Aim: In this study we aimed to administer sedoanalgesia with propofol and ketamine combination in patients undergoing planned minor urologic interventions with limited anesthesia. By combining these two medications, lower doses may be used, and we aimed to provide sufficient sedation, analgesia and amnesia without disrupting hemodynamic and respiratory stability and to increase patient and surgeon satisfaction. Material-Method: The study included 53 patients with planned minor urologic interventions aged from 19 to 85 years and physical situation ASA I-III. After six hours starvation, patients were taken to the surgery. Patients were monitored for electrocardiography (ECG), oxygen saturation (SPO2 ) and non-invasive blood pressure. For use if necessary a nasal O2 cannula was inserted. A vein in the back of the left hand was opened and 5 ml/min isotonic sodium chloride infusion was begun. Patient heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) values were measured and a 5 point sedation scale (Table 1) was used to measure sedation scores. Basal values were recorded (0 min). Later patients were randomly divided into two groups with Group I administered intraurethral lidocaine gel for local anesthesia by the surgeon, while Group II were administered intravenous 0.015 mg/kg midazolam, 0.5 mg/kg 1% ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg 1% propofol by the authors for sedoanalgesia. At five minute intervals the HR, SAP, DAP, MAP, SpO2 values and sedation scores were measured and recorded. Results: Statistical evaluation found a statistically significant increase in SAP, DAP and MAP values measured at the 5th minute in Group I patients compared to preoperative values. In Group I patients, when the heart rate measured in the 1st and 5th minutes are compared with preoperative values there was a statistically significant increase identified. In Group II patients, there was a statistically significant fall in SpO2 values in the 1st and 5th minutes compared with preoperative values. When patient and surgeon satisfaction are compared with Group I, Group II was found to be statistically significantly higher. Though the blood pressure and heart rate increases in Group I patients were statistically significant, they were not at levels that required clinical intervention and/or treatment. Similarly the SpO2 decrease observed in Group II patients did not fall below 90% in any patient in spite of being statistically significant and rose again without clinical intervention and/or treatment. Conclusion: In this study we showed that sedoanalgesia administration with propofol and ketamine may be an alternative method for patients undergoing minor urology interventions that does not disrupt hemodynamic and respiratory stability, does not delay patient discharge, has low side effect incidence and has high patient and surgeon satisfaction
Quantum point contact on graphite surface
The conductance through a quantum point contact created by a sharp and hard
metal tip on the graphite surface has features which to our knowledge have not
been encountered so far in metal contacts or in nanowires. In this paper we
first investigate these features which emerge from the strongly directional
bonding and electronic structure of graphite, and provide a theoretical
understanding for the electronic conduction through quantum point contacts. Our
study involves the molecular-dynamics simulations to reveal the variation of
interlayer distances and atomic structure at the proximity of the contact that
evolves by the tip pressing toward the surface. The effects of the elastic
deformation on the electronic structure, state density at the Fermi level, and
crystal potential are analyzed by performing self-consistent-field
pseudopotential calculations within the local-density approximation. It is
found that the metallicity of graphite increases under the uniaxial compressive
strain perpendicular to the basal plane. The quantum point contact is modeled
by a constriction with a realistic potential. The conductance is calculated by
representing the current transporting states in Laue representation, and the
variation of conductance with the evolution of contact is explained by taking
the characteristic features of graphite into account. It is shown that the
sequential puncturing of the layers characterizes the conductance.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages, 9 figures (included), to be published in Phys. Rev.
B, tentatively scheduled for 15 September 1998 (Volume 58, Number 12
Gas-phase composition and secondary organic aerosol formation from standard and particle filter-retrofitted gasoline direct injection vehicles investigated in a batch and flow reactor
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles have recently been identified as a
significant source of carbonaceous aerosol, of both primary and secondary
origin. Here we investigated primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol
(SOA) from four GDI vehicles, two of which were also retrofitted with a
prototype gasoline particulate filter (GPF). We studied two driving test
cycles under cold- and hot-engine conditions. Emissions were characterized by
proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gaseous
non-methane organic compounds, NMOCs), aerosol mass spectrometry (sub-micron
non-refractory particles) and light attenuation measurements (equivalent
black carbon (eBC) determination using Aethalometers) together with
supporting instrumentation. Atmospheric processing was simulated using the
PSI mobile smog chamber (SC) and the potential aerosol mass oxidation flow
reactor (OFR). Overall, primary and secondary particulate matter (PM) and
NMOC emissions were dominated by the engine cold start, i.e., before thermal
activation of the catalytic after-treatment system. Trends in the
SOA oxygen to carbon ratio (O : C) for OFR and SC were
related to different OH exposures, but divergences in the H : C remained
unexplained. SOA yields agreed within experimental variability between the
two systems, with a tendency for higher values in the OFR than in the SC (or,
vice versa, lower values in the SC). A few aromatic compounds dominated the
NMOC emissions, primarily benzene, toluene, xylene isomers/ethylbenzene and
C3-benzene. A significant fraction of the SOA was explained by those
compounds, based on comparison of effective SOA yield curves with those of
toluene, o-xylene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene determined in our OFR, as well
as others from literature. Remaining discrepancies, which were smaller in the
SC and larger in the OFR, were up to a factor of 2 and may have resulted from
diverse reasons including unaccounted precursors and matrix effects. GPF
retrofitting significantly reduced primary PM through removal of refractory
eBC and partially removed the minor POA fraction. At cold-started conditions
it did not affect hydrocarbon emission factors, relative chemical composition
of NMOCs or SOA formation, and likewise SOA yields and bulk composition
remained unaffected. GPF-induced effects at hot-engine conditions
deserve attention in further studies.</p
The grant is dead, long live the data - migration as a pragmatic exit strategy for research data preservation [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe - the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction
The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm(-2) yr(-1). Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm(-2) yr(-1) with each 10% increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm(-2) yr(-1). Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.Peer reviewe
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