Partitioning the triangles of the cross polytope into surfaces

We present a constructive proof that there exists a decomposition of the 2-skeleton of the k-dimensional cross polytope $\beta^k$ into closed surfaces of genus $g \leq 1$, each with a transitive automorphism group given by the vertex transitive $\mathbb{Z}_{2k}$-action on $\beta^k$. Furthermore we show that for each $k \equiv 1,5(6)$ the 2-skeleton of the (k-1)-simplex is a union of highly symmetric tori and M\"obius strips.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Minor update. Journal-ref: Beitr. Algebra Geom. / Contributions to Algebra and Geometry, 53(2):473-486, 201

Das politische Denken von Christian Thomasius

Der Aufklärer Christian Thomasius (1655-1728) gilt bislang kaum als politischer Denker von ideengeschichtlicher Bedeutung, und die in der Literatur zwischen "absolutistisch" oder "liberal" schwankenden Urteile sind aufgrund ihrer Materiallage selten verallgemeinerungsfähig. Dem Kernproblem eines fehlenden politiktheoretischen Hauptwerks stellt sich der Autor der vorliegenden Untersuchung mit einem systematischen Rekonstruktionsversuch seiner Staats- und Gesellschaftstheorie aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Die abschließenden Charakterisierungen eines "rechtsstaatlichen Absolutismus" und eines "strukturkonservativen Sozialmodells mit emanzipatorischen, bürgerlich-individualistischen Potentialen" stehen für die paradigmatische Ambivalenz seines politischen Denkens im Umbruch zum 18. Jahrhundert. Zugleich deuten sie die von Thomasius' Gesamtwerk ausgehenden wesentlichen Impulse für die Entwicklung der modernen bürgerlichen Gesellschaft an, die nachdrücklich Beachtung verdienen

Perturbative behaviour of a vortex in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

We derive a set of equations that describe the shape and behaviour of a single perturbed vortex line in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Through the use of a matched asymptotic expansion and a unique coordinate transform a relation for a vortex's velocity, anywhere along the line, is found in terms of the trapping, rotation, and distortion of the line at that location. This relation is then used to find a set of differential equations that give the line's specific shape and motion. This work corrects a previous similar derivation by Anatoly A. Svidzinsky and Alexander L. Fetter [Phys. Rev. A \textbf{62}, 063617 (2000)], and enables a comparison with recent numerical results.Comment: 12 pages with 3 figure

Validation of two short versions of the Zarit Burden Interview in the palliative care setting: a questionnaire to assess the burden of informal caregivers

Purpose!#!Several validated outcome measures, among them the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), are valid for measuring caregiver burden in advanced cancer and dementia. However, they have not been validated for a wider palliative care (PC) setting with non-cancer disease. The purpose was to validate ZBI-1 (ultra-short version and proxy rating) and ZBI-7 short versions for PC.!##!Methods!#!In a prospective, cross-sectional study with informal caregivers of patients in inpatient (PC unit, hospital palliative support team) and outpatient (home care team) PC settings of a large university hospital, content validity and acceptability of the ZBI and its structural validity (via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis) were tested. Reliability assessment used internal consistency and inter-rater reliability and construct validity used known-group comparisons and a priori hypotheses on correlations with Brief Symptom Inventory, Short Form-12, and Distress Thermometer.!##!Results!#!Eighty-four participants (63.1% women; mean age 59.8, SD 14.4) were included. Structural validity assessment confirmed the unidimensional structure of ZBI-7 both in CFA and Rasch analysis. The item on overall burden was the best item for the ultra-short version ZBI-1. Higher burden was recorded for women and those with poorer physical health. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α = 0.83). Inter-rater reliability was moderate as proxy ratings estimated caregivers' burden higher than self-ratings (average measures ICC = 0.51; CI = 0.23-.69; p = 0.001).!##!Conclusion!#!The ZBI-7 is a valid instrument for measuring caregiver burden in PC. The ultra-short ZBI-1 can be used as a quick and proxy assessment, with the caveat of overestimating burden

The accretion environment in Vela X-1 during a flaring period using XMM-Newton

We present analysis of 100 ks contiguous XMM-Newton data of the prototypical wind accretor Vela X-1. The observation covered eclipse egress between orbital phases 0.134 and 0.265, during which a giant flare took place, enabling us to study the spectral properties both outside and during the flare. This giant flare with a peak luminosity of $3.92^{+0.42}_{-0.09} \times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$ allows estimates of the physical parameters of the accreted structure with a mass of $\sim$ $10^{21}$ g. We have been able to model several contributions to the observed spectrum with a phenomenological model formed by three absorbed power laws plus three emission lines. After analysing the variations with orbital phase of the column density of each component, as well as those in the Fe and Ni fluorescence lines, we provide a physical interpretation for each spectral component. Meanwhile, the first two components are two aspects of the principal accretion component from the surface of the neutron star, and the third component seems to be the \textit{X-ray light echo} formed in the stellar wind of the companion.Comment: Accepted. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 201

PET/CT of the Spleen with Gallium-Oxine-Labeled, Heat-Damaged Red Blood Cells: Clinical Experience and Technical Aspects

Several scintigraphic techniques have been supplemented or replaced by PET/CT methods because of their superior sensitivity, high resolution, and absolute activity quantification capability. The purpose of this project was the development of a PET tracer for splenic imaging, its radiopharmaceutical validation, and its application in selected patients in whom unclear constellations of findings could not be resolved with established imaging methods. Heat-damaged red blood cells (RBCs) were labeled with [ 68 Ga]gallium-oxine, which was produced from [ 68 Ga]gallium and 8-Hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on an automated synthesizer. Ten patients underwent [ 68 Ga]gallium-oxine-RBC-PET/CT for the classification of eleven unclear lesions (3 intra-, 8 extrapancreatic). [ 68 Ga]gallium-oxine and [68Ga]gallium-oxine-labeled RBCs could be synthesized reproducibly and reliably. The products met GMP quality standards. The tracer showed high accumulation in splenic tissue. Of the 11 lesions evaluated by PET/CT, 3 were correctly classified as non-splenic, 6 as splenic, 1 as equivocal, and 1 lesion as a splenic hypoplasia. All lesions classified as non-splenic were malignant, and all lesions classified as splenic did not show malignant features during follow-up. PET/CT imaging of the spleen with [ 68 Ga]gallium-oxine-labeled, heat-damaged RBCs is feasible and allowed differentiation of splenic from non-splenic tissues, and the diagnosis of splenic anomalies

HIV-1 induces telomerase activity in monocyte-derived macrophages, possibly safeguarding one of its reservoirs

Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) are widely distributed in all tissues and organs, including the central nervous system, where they represent the main part of HIV-infected cells. In contrast to activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, MDMare resistant to cytopathic effects and survive HIV infection for a long period of time. The molecular mechanisms of how HIV is able to persist in macrophages are not fully elucidated yet. In this context, we have studied the effect of in vitro HIV-1 infection on telomerase activity (TA), telomere length, and DNA damage. Infection resulted in a significant induction of TA. This increase was directly proportional to the efficacy of HIV infection and was found in both nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, while neither UV lightinactivated HIV nor exogenous addition of the viral protein Tat or gp120 affected TA. Furthermore, TA was not modified during monocyte-macrophage differentiation, MDMactivation, or infection with vaccinia virus. HIV infection did not affect telomere length. However, HIV-infectedMDMshowed less DNA damage after oxidative stress than noninfected MDM, and this resistance was also increased by overexpressing telomerase alone. Taken together, our results suggest that HIV induces TA inMDMand that this induction might contribute to cellular protection against oxidative stress, which could be considered a viral strategy to make macrophages better suited as longer-lived, more resistant viral reservoirs. In the light of the clinical development of telomerase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics, inhibition of TA in HIV-infected macrophages might also represent a novel therapeutic target against viral reservoirs.Fil: Reynoso, Rita Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentina. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Wieser, Matthias. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Ojeda, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Bönisch, Maximilian. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Kühnel, Harald. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Bolcic, Federico Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Quendler, Heribert. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Grillari, Johannes. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Grillari Voglauer, Regina. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; AustriaFil: Quarleri, Jorge Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; Argentin

One evaluation of model-based testing and its automation

Model-based testing relies on behavior models for the generation of model traces: input and expected output - test cases - for an implementation. We use the case study of an automotive network controller to assess different test suites in terms of error detection, model coverage, and implementation coverage. Some of these suites were generated automatically with and without models, purely at random, and with dedicated functional test selection criteria. Other suites were derived manually, with and without the model at hand. Both automatically and manually derived model-based test suites detected significantly more requirements errors than hand-crafted test suites that were directly derived from the requirements. The number of detected programming errors did not depend on the use of models. Automatically generated model-based test suites detected as many errors as hand-crafted model-based suites with the same number of tests. A sixfold increase in the number of model-based tests led to an 11% increase in detected errors

In-Place Modulation of Rectification in Tunneling Junctions Comprising Self-Assembled Monolayers

This paper describes tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers that can be converted between resistor and diode functionality in-place. The rectification ratio is affected by the hydration of densely packed carboxylic acid groups at the interface between the top-contact and the monolayer. We studied this process by treatment with water and a water scavenger using three different top-contacts, eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn), conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), demonstrating that the phenomena is molecular in nature and is not platform-speciffc. We propose a mechanism in which the tunneling junctions convert to diode behavior through the lowering of the LUMO, which is suffcient to bring it close to resonance at positive bias, potentially assisted by a Stark shift. This shift in energy is supported by calculations and a change in polarization observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe measurements. We demonstrate light-driven modulation using spiropyran as a photoacid, suggesting that any chemical process that is coupled to the release of small molecules that can tightly bind carboxylic acid groups can be used as an external stimulus to modulate rectification. The ability to convert a tunneling junction reversibly between a diode and a resistor via an effect that is intrinsic to the molecules in the junction extends the possible applications of Molecular Electronics to reconfigurable circuits and other new functionalities that do not have direct analogs in conventional semiconductor devices

Climate protection in aviation and maritime transport: Roadmaps for achieving the climate goal

The climate neutrality of air and sea transport can hardly be achieved without the accelerated use of al-most GHG-neutral fuels. Such fuels are generated from renewable electricity and are thus called electro fuels or (synthetic) e-fuels. To illustrate how these e-fuels can be made available and how to ensure that in both sectors only such fuels are used, several policy roadmaps have been sketched. In terms of e-fuel supply, there are significant differences between aviation and maritime transport: While e-kerosene is widely identified and accepted as future fuel for aviation, a single prospective fuel has not yet emerged for maritime transport. Currently, there is a challenging dilemma for policy makers. On the one hand, the transition towards defossilizing international transport should be accomplished by 2050, requiring that the right decisions are made sooner rather than later. Particularly for shipping, the main goal for the years ahead is, on the other hand, to limit the number of e-fuels pursued. Unless a dominant fuel or fuels are supported by a critical mass of countries, it will hardly be possible to trigger the economies-of-scale dynamics required to accomplish the transition. Our assessment also shows that the first regulatory steps must be taken immediately on all levels. National governments need to ensure that the policies which provide incentives and guidance to investors and operators are adopted as soon as possible and are actively supported by policy initiatives at European and international level. The years up to 2025 are decisive for achieving defossilization of aviation and maritime transport. If appropriate policies are not set in place by then, at least at national and European level, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of defossilization by 205