The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Logical Thinking Ability to The Result of Learning Mathematics of Grade Eight Students

This study was aimed at finding out the effect of cooperative learning models and logical thinking ability to the result of learning mathematics. This study used a quasi-experimental research design. The populations consisted of 144 grade eight students in Trisakti 1 Junior High School Medan. The sample consisted of 72 students that were divided into two groups. The instruments used were mathematic test and logical thinking ability questionnaire. The data which analyzed in this research was the value of mathematics learning outcomes from cognitive domain. The data was analyzed using Two-Way technique:  analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the research are as follow: (1) The difference in the results of learning mathematics between student who are taught by Jigsaw cooperative learning model and the results of learning mathematics students who are taught by STAD cooperative learning model, (2) The difference in the results of learning mathematics between students who have high logical ability (HL) and low logical thinking ability (LL), (3) the interaction between cooperative learning models and the  logical thinking ability on mathematics learning outcomes. Keywords: learning model, ability of logical thinking, mathematics learning

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI OLEH GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN TERHADAP KREATIVITAS BELAJAR

vAbstract: This Research aim to know the influence Model The Study Inquiry By Teacher of Christian Educationto Creativity Learn The Student, with the hypothesis there are influence which are positive and signifikanbetween Model of Study Inquiry By Teacher of Christian Education to Creativity Learn The Student. Thisresearch use the descriptive quantitative approach inferensial, with the population all student of class VIII SMPCountry 1 Siantar Narumonda amounting to 102 people by sampel amount to 46 people. Data collected with theenquette closed as much 40 item compiled by writer pursuant to variable indicator according to expert theory.Test-Drive the enquette conducted to 30 student which is non research responder, and have been tested thevalidity and reliability. Result of data analysis indicate that there are influence which are positive and signifikanbetween Model of Study Inquiry By Teacher of Christian Education to Creativity Learn The Student with thecoefficient determination ( r2) = 37,69% and test the signifikan influence obtained FcountFtable equal to26,154,040, its meaning Ho refused and Ha acceptedKeyword: Model The Study Inquiry, Creativity Lear

Eficácia da toxina botulínica na disfunção temporomandibular : revisão sistemática

As desordens temporomandibulares (DTM) ou desordens craniomandibulares são termos coletivos que abrangem alguns problemas clínicos envolvendo as estruturas que compõem o Sistema Estomatognático (SE). A articulação temporomandibular (ATM) é uma delas, composta por estruturas frágeis e envolta por liquido sinovial, sendo responsável por sua função principal: os movimentos complexos e perfeitos da mandíbula, realizados pelos músculos da mastigação como os músculos masseteres e temporais, os quais são os que exercem a maior função nestes movimentos, e por tanto são os músculos que sofrem em maior grau os sintomas da DTM miogênica como a dor crônica. Diversos tratamentos foram propostos e são aplicados para tratar as DTM miogênicas com dor crônica, como os tratamentos conservadores, onde o aparelho interoclusal plano ocupa um lugar de destaque dentro deste tipo de terapias. Porém, existem também tratamentos alternativos como a acupuntura e fisioterapia, os quais atuam diminuindo a sintomatologia dolorosa dessa síndrome. Além dessas terapias, as aplicações de toxina botulínica tipo A estão emergindo como um tratamento inovador para o controle da dor nas DTMs miogênica com resultados promissórios. Portanto essa revisão de sistemática baseada em evidências cientificas pesquisadas no banco de dados das bases científicas PubMed, BVS e ELSEVIER entre os anos de 2000 e 2013 tem como objetivo mostrar os estudos clínicos mais recentes sobre a eficácia da toxina botulínica tipo A em pacientes portadores de DTM com dor miofascial crônica, onde tratamentos conservadores realizados anteriormente não foram o suficientemente efetivos como para diminuir a sintomatologia dolorosa.Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and craniomandibular disorders are collective terms covering some clinical problems involving the structures that make up the stomatognathic system (SE). The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one consisting of weak structures surrounded by synovial fluid, accounting for its primary function: the complex and perfect movements of the jawbone, made by chewing muscles as masseter and temporal muscles, which are the muscles that exercise greater role in these movements, therefore this muscles suffer a greater degree of myogenic TMD symptoms such as chronic pain. Several treatments have been proposed and are used to treat chronic pain with myogenic TMD, like conservative treatments, where the plane interocclusal appliance possesses an important place within this type of therapy. However, there are also alternative treatments such as acupuncture and physiotherapy, which act to reduce the painful symptoms of this syndrome. In addition to these therapies, the applications of botulinum toxin type A are emerging as an innovative treatment for the control of myogenic TMD pain with promising results. Therefore this systematic review based on scientific evidence surveyed in the data base of the scientific bases PubMed, and VHL ELSEVIER between the years 2000 and 2013 aims to showcase the latest clinical studies on the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in patients with DTM with chronic myofascial pain, where conservative treatments performed previously were not sufficiently effective as to lessen the painful symptoms