Slitless spectrophotometry with forward modelling: principles and application to atmospheric transmission measurement

In the next decade, many optical surveys will aim to tackle the question of dark energy nature, measuring its equation of state parameter at the permil level. This requires trusting the photometric calibration of the survey with a precision never reached so far, controlling many sources of systematic uncertainties. The measurement of the on-site atmospheric transmission for each exposure, or on average for each season or for the full survey, can help reach the permil precision for magnitudes. This work aims at proving the ability to use slitless spectroscopy for standard star spectrophotometry and its use to monitor on-site atmospheric transmission as needed, for example, by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time supernova cosmology program. We fully deal with the case of a disperser in the filter wheel, which is the configuration chosen in the Rubin Auxiliary Telescope. The theoretical basis of slitless spectrophotometry is at the heart of our forward model approach to extract spectroscopic information from slitless data. We developed a publicly available software called Spectractor (https://github.com/LSSTDESC/Spectractor) that implements each ingredient of the model and finally performs a fit of a spectrogram model directly on image data to get the spectrum. We show on simulations that our model allows us to understand the structure of spectrophotometric exposures. We also demonstrate its use on real data, solving specific issues and illustrating how our procedure allows the improvement of the model describing the data. Finally, we discuss how this approach can be used to directly extract atmospheric transmission parameters from data and thus provide the base for on-site atmosphere monitoring. We show the efficiency of the procedure on simulations and test it on the limited data set available.Comment: 30 pages, 36 figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysic

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

Métrologie des supernovae de type Ia pour la cosmologie : instrumentation et analyse calorimétrique

Type Ia supernovae used as cosmic distance indicators are one of the pillars of the current cosmological concordance model. The instrumenting work in the first part of this thesis was done in the framework of a project using these objects, the SNAP satellite, for which it is necessary to build a space-worthy large focal plane including CCD detectors for the visible range and APS for the infra-red. To test the readout of these detectors at very low noise levels, we have built two cryogenic test benches and studied an analogic ASIC. The second part shows the analysis of existing data within the framework of our "calorimeter" model to improve the use of SN Ia as standard candles. GRATIS is a programm designed to calculate the decay energy deposition within the supernova. Comparison with the measured luminosities is satisfactory. Other possible improvements come from the evolution of spectra at late times and from the color jump we call "green ray".L'utilisation des supernovae de type Ia comme indicateurs de distance est un pilier du modèle de concordance actuel en cosmologie. Le travail d'instrumentation présenté dans la première partie a été réalisé dans le cadre d'un projet utilisant ces objets, le satellite SNAP, qui nécessite la spatialisation d'un grand plan focal comportant des détecteurs CCD pour le visible et APS pour l'infra-rouge. Pour tester la lecture de ces détecteurs à très bas bruit, nous avons construit deux bancs de test cryogéniques et étudié en détail un ASIC analogique. La deuxième partie est l'analyse de données existantes dans le cadre de notre modèle "calorimétrique", pour améliorer l'utilisation des SN Ia comme étalons. Le programme GRATIS calcule le dépot d'énergie radioactive dans la supernova. La comparaison avec les puissances lumineuses mesurées est satisfaisante. D'autres pistes incluent l'évolution des spectres en phase tardive et l'observation d'un saut de couleur baptisé "rayon vert"

Métrologie des supernovæ de type Ia pour la cosmologie (instrumentation et analyse calorimétrique)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Tearing and related field distortions in deep-depletion charge-coupled devices

International audienceTearing patterns affecting flat-field frames in charge-coupled devices are a visually striking obstacle to performing pixel response nonuniformity (PRNU) corrections. These patterns can be explained by lateral field distortions, caused by the nonuniform distribution of holes in the channel stops between sensor columns. Over the course of Large Synoptic Survey Telescope camera development, a number of practical fixes have been suggested to get rid of tearing. However, applying these fixes to our 16-channel Teledyne-e2v sensors leaves at best a distortion pattern at the vertical edges of every segment. Our working hypothesis is that the origin of the tearing is the parallel clocking itself, which moves the holes that are present in the channel stops regions. The efficiency of these transfers depends strongly on the details of the clocking operations, resulting in the observed variety of distortion patterns. Removal of most of the distortion patterns can, therefore, be achieved by executing a purge operation, which flattens back the hole distribution in the channel stops, immediately before acquiring a frame. A more effective solution is to switch all clocking operations to use a bipolar voltage set

L'Univers en cinémascope

International audienc

L'Univers en cinémascope

International audienc

L'Univers en cinémascope

International audienc

L'Univers en cinémascope

International audienc