Variation of bone mineral density induced by exercise in postmenopausal women

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la variación de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en columna lumbar (CL) y cuello femoral (CF).MÉTODO: 77 mujeres con osteopenia y menopausia, formaron cuatro grupos. Dos con ejercicio físico: uno tratamiento de estrógeno/Calcitonina (n=16), y otro ingesta de Calcio/Vitamina D (n=7). Dos sin ejercicio físico, uno tratamiento estrógeno/Calcitonina (n=27) y otro ingesta Calcio/Vitamina D (n=27). El ejercicio consistió en Fuerza Muscular (65% a 75% de 1RM) y multisaltos de baja a moderada intensidad. La DMO se midió mediante absorciometría. RESULTADOS: En ANOVA 2x2 se encontró homogeneidad (p<0,05) en la DMO tanto en CL y CF entre los tratamientos farmacológicos y nutricionales, heterogeneidad entre los grupos activos y sedentarios (CL p<0,05, CF p<0,01) y heterogeneidad en la interacción (p<0,01) de ambos tratamientos con el ejercicio físico. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio físico programado junto con los tratamientos habituales conduce a un mayor incremento de la DMO de en mujeres postmenopáusicasOBJECTIVE: Assess the variation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Lumbar Spine (LS) and Femoral Neck (FN). METHOD: 77 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Four groups, two groups with exercise: one Estrogen/Calcitonin treatment (n=16), another supplement Calcium/Vitamin D (n=7); two groups without exercise, one Estrogen/Calcitonin treatment (n=27), and another supplement Calcium/Vitamin D (n=27). The exercise program consisted of resistance training (65% to 75% 1RM) and multi-jumps of low-to-moderate intensity. The BMD was evaluated by absorptiometry. RESULTS. ANOVA 2x2, homogeneity (p<0,05) in the BMD in both LS and FN between the pharmacological and nutritional treatments, and heterogeneity between the active and sedentary groups (LS p <0,05, FN p<0,01) as also in the interaction (p<0,01) of the pharmacological/nutritional treatments with the physical exercise were found. CONCLUSION. Physical exercise program with the usual treatments, lead to a greater increase in the BMD of LS and FN in postmenopausal wome

LTP Requires a Unique Postsynaptic SNARE Fusion Machinery

SummaryMembrane fusion during exocytosis is mediated by assemblies of SNARE (soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor) and SM (Sec1/Munc18-like) proteins. The SNARE/SM proteins involved in vesicle fusion during neurotransmitter release are well understood, whereas little is known about the protein machinery that mediates activity-dependent AMPA receptor (AMPAR) exocytosis during long-term potentiation (LTP). Using direct measurements of LTP in acute hippocampal slices and an in vitro LTP model of stimulated AMPAR exocytosis, we demonstrate that the Q-SNARE proteins syntaxin-3 and SNAP-47 are required for regulated AMPAR exocytosis during LTP but not for constitutive basal AMPAR exocytosis. In contrast, the R-SNARE protein synaptobrevin-2/VAMP2 contributes to both regulated and constitutive AMPAR exocytosis. Both the central complexin-binding and the N-terminal Munc18-binding sites of syntaxin-3 are essential for its postsynaptic role in LTP. Thus, postsynaptic exocytosis of AMPARs during LTP is mediated by a unique fusion machinery that is distinct from that used during presynaptic neurotransmitter release

Beer or Ethanol Efects on the Body Composition Response to High-Intensity Interval Training. The BEER-HIIT Study

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted as a time-effcient strategy to improve body composition but concomitant beer intake, which is common among physically active individuals, may interfere with these effects. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on anthropometric and body composition measurements, and to assess whether those effects are influenced by the moderate consumption of beer (at least 5 days/week), or its alcohol equivalent. Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults (n = 72, 35 females) volunteered for a non-training group (Non-Training group) or for HIIT training. Those going for training choose whether they preferred to receive alcohol or not. Those choosing alcohol were randomly allocated for receiving beer (5.4%; T-Beer group) or the equivalent amount of alcohol (vodka; T-Ethanol group) in sparkling water. Those choosing no-alcohol were randomly allocated for receiving alcohol-free beer (0.0%; T-0.0Beer group) or sparkling water (T-Water group). From Monday through Friday, men ingested 330 mL of the beverage with lunch and 330 mL with dinner; women ingested 330 mL with dinner. Before and after the intervention, anthropometry and body composition, through dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry, were measured. No changes in body mass, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue or bone mineral density occurred in any of the groups. By contrast, in all the training groups, significant decreases in fat mass together with increases in lean mass (all p < 0.05) occurred. These positive effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. In conclusion, a moderate beer intake does not blunt the positive effect of 10-week HIIT on body composition in young healthy adults.This research was partially funded by an unrestricted grant of the Centro de Información Cerveza y Salud (CICS), Madrid, Spain. F.J.A.-G. and A.D.-l.-O are supported by a training grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU14/04172 and FPU15/03960)

Geotechnical and geomechanical characterization of the fault gouge of the Alhama de Murcia active fault, SE Spain

Here we present the results of the mechanical and mineralogical study of the fault rock of the Alhama de Murcia fault. This fault is one of the most active faults in the Iberian Peninsula. It shows segments partially formed by exhumed fine grained fault rocks (fault gouge FG) with a thickness of more than 50 m developed mainly in a brittle regime. Several strength and strain tests have been carried out, both in-situ and in laboratory, considering different stress orientations in relation to the tectonic fabric. Undisturbed samples encountered from two fault observatory boreholes drilled near Lorca, (FAM-1 and FAMSIS-IGN, of 174 and 40 m depth, respectively) has been used for the laboratory tests. The FG shows a hard soil and soft rock like mechanical behavior with uniaxial compressive strength 1.19) for planes unfavourably oriente

Evaluación de micorrizas arbusculares (hma) asociadas a tres sistemas de uso del suelo, zona altoandina de Nariño

Actualmente, las actividades antropogénicas, han generado daños visibles en la estructura y composición del suelo, afectando principalmente las poblaciones de microorganismos, como los HMA, los cuales son considerados de gran importancia en los agroecosistemas, por sus mecanismos de captación de nutrientes esenciales para la planta, reduciendo el estrés biótico y abiótico, la competencia entre plantas e incrementando su productividad. Esta investigación, se realizó en el municipio de Pasto, Nariño, se evaluó el porcentaje de colonización de HMA en tres usos del suelo: Bosque Secundario (BS), Pastura Tradicional (PT) y Sistema Silvopastoril (SSP), en dos profundidades de 0-10 cm y de 10-20 cm, mediante un diseño experimental BCA, con un arreglo factorial de 3x2, con seis tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Los resultados obtenidos, mostraron diferencias significativas en el uso de suelo BS y PT, en donde la mayor colonización de las estructuras evaluadas, se presentó en el sistema de uso de BS con 66,67% de hifas, 52,38% de arbúsculos y 42,86% de esporas. En cuanto a la variable de profundidad, la mayor colonización de HMA, se presentó de 10-20 cm. Los hongos formadores de micorriza, estuvieron presentes en los tres usos de suelo evaluados, pero su población y actividad dependen de las condiciones ambientales donde se desarrollan

Caracterización del hábitat de Amoreuxia wrightii (Bixaceae), una especie en peligro de extinción en el noreste de México

Background and Aims: In Mexico, Amoreuxia wrightii is endangered according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. In this study the characterization of natural populations of A. wrightii, which grow in two contrasting communities taking into account the canopy cover in the Tamaulipan thornscrub in northeastern Mexico, was performed by analysis of associated flora and physical and chemical properties of soils.Methods: In 2014, 10 sampling sites were established in two environments differentiated by vegetation structure: five sites in plant associations with dense vegetation cover and five sites in disturbed areas with bare soil. In each area the vegetation structure and edaphic variables were evaluated and a Canonical Correspondence Analysis was performed.Key results: According to the relationship with other species, A. wrightii was associated with pioneer species that emerge after disturbance, dominated by grasses like Aristida purpurea, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cynodon dactylon, Panicum obtusum, herbs such as Gutierrezia sarothrae, Gymnosperma glutinosum and Parthenium hysterophorus, and low shrubs like Acacia amentacea, A. berlandieri and Eysenhardtia texana. According to edaphic variables, it was observed that A. wrightii preferred clayey and silty soils, soils with slightly alkaline pH and high bulk density. No individual of A. wrightii was recorded at sites that had soils with high sand content and high content of organic matter.Conclusions: Amoreuxia wrightii was more abundant in areas with no coverage, devoid of vegetation, soils low in organic matter and high in pH, silt, clay and bulk density. According to the relationship with other species, it was associated with pioneer species, which emerge after a disturbance.Antecedentes y Objetivos: En México, Amoreuxia wrightii se encuentra en estatus de peligro de extinción de acuerdo a la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. En este estudio se realizó la caracterización de poblaciones naturales de A. wrightii, mediante un análisis de la flora asociada y las propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos donde se desarrollan en dos comunidades contrastadas desde el punto de vista de la cobertura del dosel en el matorral tamaulipeco en el noreste de México.Métodos: En 2014 se establecieron 10 sitios de muestreo en dos ambientes diferenciados por la estructura de la vegetación: cinco sitios en asociaciones vegetales con cobertura vegetal densa y cinco sitios en áreas perturbadas con suelo desnudo. En cada área se evaluó la estructura vegetal y variables edáficas y se realizó un Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica.Resultados clave: De acuerdo a la relación con otras especies, A. wrightii se asoció con especies pioneras, que emergen después de un disturbio, con el dominio de pastos como Aristida purpurea, Cenchrus ciliaris, Cynodon dactylon, Panicum obtusum, especies de herbáceas Gutierrezia sarothrae, Gymnosperma glutinosum y Parthenium hysterophorus, así como arbustos de porte bajo como Acacia amentacea, A. berlandieri y Eysenhardtia texana. De acuerdo con las variables edáficas, se observó que A. wrightii prefiere suelos arcillosos y limosos, con suelos con pH ligeramente alcalinos y con densidad aparente alta. Ningún individuo de A. wrightii fue registrado en sitios que presentaron suelos con altos contenidos de arena y altos contenidos de materia orgánica.Conclusiones: Amoreuxia wrightii fue más abundante en áreas con nula cobertura, desprovistas de vegetación, sobre suelos con bajo contenido de materia orgánica y altos contenidos de pH, limo, arcilla y densidad aparente. De acuerdo a la relación con otras especies, se asoció con especies pioneras, que emergen después de un disturbio

Morbidity, outcomes and cost-benefit analysis of wildlife rehabilitation in Catalonia (Spain)

Background There are few studies of careful examination of wildlife casualties in Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers. These studies are essential for detecting menaces to wild species and providing objective criteria about cost-benefit of treatments in those centers. The release rate is considered the main outcome indicator, but other parameters such as length of stay at the center and a cost-benefit index expressed as number of released animals per euro and day, could be used as reliable estimators of the rehabilitation costs. Methodology A retrospective study based on 54772 admissions recorded from 1995-2013 in the database of the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Torreferrussa (Catalonia, NW Spain) assessed the morbidity, outcomes and cost-benefits of the rehabilitation practices. Results Three hundred and two species were included: 232 birds (n = 48633), 37 mammals (n = 3293), 20 reptiles (n = 2705) and 13 amphibians (n = 141). The most frequent causes of admission were: 39.8% confiscation of protected species (89.4% passerines), 31.8% orphaned young animals (35.3% swifts, 21.7% diurnal raptors and owls) and 17.4% trauma casualties (46.7% raptors and owls). The highest proportion of releases was found in the captivity confiscation category [87.4% passerines (median time of stay: 12 days)], followed by the orphaned category [78% owls (66 days), 76.5% diurnal birds of prey (43 days), 75.6% hedgehogs (49 days), 52.7% swifts (19 days) and 52% bats (55 days)]. For the trauma group, 46.8% of releases were hedgehogs (44 days) and 25.6% owls (103 days). As regards the cost-benefit index, the trauma casualties and infectious diseases had the worse values with 1.3 and 1.4 released animals/euro/day respectively, and were particularly low in raptors, waders, marine birds and chiroptera. On the contrary, captivity (4.6) and misplacement (4.1) had the best index, particulary in amphibian, reptiles and passerines. Conclusions/significance Cost-benefit studies including the release rate, the time of stay at the center and the costbenefit index should be implemented for improving management efficiency of the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Relación longitud-peso y condición del Barbo de Sclater (Barbus barbus sclateri G.), en el río Guadiato, Córdoba, España.Estudio biométrico y biológico de la tortuga mora (Testudo graeca) en la Reserva Biológica de Doñana, HuelvaEtograma del lagarto de Tenerife, Gallotia galloti galloti (Sauria-LacertidaeOrganización temporal en las comunidadesde avesAlimentación y relaciones tróficas entre los paseriformes en paso otoñal por una localidad de Andalucía centralVariación anual de régimen alimenticio y densidad de población de dos estrigiformes:sus causaslas Adeidas en la cuenca del Duero.Niveles de contaminantes organoclorados y metales pesados en huevos de aves de las Marismas del Guadalquivir, 1975Alimentación primaveral de la garcilla bueyera.la reproducción de un ave parásita: el tordomirlo (Molothrus bonariensis) en los llanos de Apure (Venezuela)Estructuras de sexos y edades en una poblaciónde conejos (Oryctolagus cunicuLus l.) de Andalucía OccidentaParámetros de gregarismo del gamo (Dama dama) en el Coto de Doñana.Primeros datos sobre la distribución de Cobitis calderoni Bacescu, 1961 (pisces, cobitidae) en la Península IbéricaSobre la existencia de Telestes soufia Risso, 1826 y Leuciscus leuciscus L. 1758 en España.La distrtibución de Hemidactylus turciscus en la provincia de Córdoba.Predación de Vipera latastei sobre Mustela nivalis.Sobre las poblaciones de Podarcis en el macizo del GuadarramaDatos sobre la reproducción de Lacerta vivipara en la cordillera CantábricaCasos de melanismo en Natrix natrix y Malpolon monspessulanusMedidas máximas para Coluber hippocrepis LUna nueva población de Lacerta sicula rafinesque para el norte de España.Captura de la barnacla carinegra, Branta bernicla en la costa mediterránea Europea.Datos sobre la dieta frugívora del mirlo (Turdus merula) en dos localidades del sur de EspañaLa ocupación de nidos de Hirundo daurica.La invasión de Hirunda daurica Temm. en la Península IbéricaHíbridos de anátidas en las marismas del GuadalquiviDatos sobre la reproducción de Alouatta seniculus en los Llanos de VenezuelaPeer reviewe