Fatores que afetam a recuperação embrionária e os índices de prenhez após transferência transcervical em eqüinos da raça Mangalarga

This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of uterine flushing part, flushing day (D7 or D8), embryo size, age of recipients corpus luteus and transcervical technique on embryos recovery and in the pregnancy rates. There were differences (p < 0.05) in embryos recovery rates on overall flushing (154) in relation to the flushing part (F.P.) 1 (27.3%), 2 (15.6%) and 3 (18.2%), but not statistical differences (p >; 0.05) for the pregnancy rates (F.P.1, 76.2%; F.P.2, 83.3% and F.P.3, 78.6%). There was statistically tendency (p = 0.051) in the number of recovered embryos (37.5 and 62.8%) in the D7 or D8, respectively. However, there was no difference (p >; 0.05) in the pregnancy rates (66.7 and 78.3%), when the embryos were recovered in the D7 or D8. It could be observed statistically differences (p < 0.05) in the embryos size, which were collected at D7 (0.230 mm ± 0.035 mm) and D8 (0.896 mm ± 0.063 mm). It's appropriate to emphasize that the pregnancy rates did not suffer any influence. Considering the age of the recipient corpus luteus at 5, 6, 7 and 8 days after the ovulation, there were no differences in pregnancy rates 71.4, 88.9, 65.4 and 88.6%, respectively, during the breeding season 96/97. There were not found relevant differences (p >; 0.05) in the recovered embryos (50.9 and 59.5%) and pregnancy rates (77.2 and 77.7%), during the breeding season of 95/96 and 96/97, with inovulated embryos by the transcervical technique.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar em animais da raça Mangalarga os efeitos das frações da lavagem uterina, do dia da colheita (D7 ou D8), do tamanho do embrião, da idade do corpo lúteo da receptora e da transferência de embriões pela técnica transcervical sobre os índices de recuperação de embriões e de prenhez. Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) nos índices de embriões recuperados sobre os totais de colheitas (154) quanto às frações (F)1 (27,3%), (F)2 (15,6%) e (F)3 (18,2%), mas não quanto às taxas de prenhez ((F)1 76,2%; (F)2 83,3% e (F)3 78,6%). Quanto ao dia da colheita D7 ou D8, houve tendência à significância (p = 0,051) nos índices de embriões recuperados (37,5 e 62,8%), mas não houve diferença nos índices de prenhez (66,7 e 78,3%); entretanto, a diferença foi significativa (p < 0,05) para o tamanho dos embriões coletados no D7 (0,230 mm ± 0,035 mm) e D8 (0,896 mm ± 0,063 mm). A idade do corpo lúteo das receptoras (dias 5, 6, 7 e 8 após a ovulação) não alterou significativamente os índices de prenhez (71,4%, 88,9%, 65,4% e 88,6%), respectivamente. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p >; 0,05) nos índices de embriões recuperados (50,9 e 59,5%), bem como nos de prenhez (72,2 and 77,7%), para os anos hípicos 95/96 e 96/97, quando os embriões foram inovulados pela técnica transcervical

Vaginoses Bacterianas na Gestação: uma revisão sistemática / Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy: a systematic review

INTRODUÇÃO: A vaginose bacteriana (VB) é uma modificação da microbiota vaginal.  Embora essa comorbidade seja frequentemente assintomática, está associada a complicações clínicas. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os mais relevantes estudos publicados originalmente, na língua inglesa, nos últimos 10 anos, tendo como referência as bases de dados PubMed e Cochrane. Objetivando selecionar os estudos com maior relevância clínica e evidência científica, foram contemplados apenas os ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados (ECCR). O presente estudo utilizou para formulação da frase de pesquisa o Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), encontrado as seguintes palavras-chave: Bacterial Vaginosis; Pregnancy. As variações das palavras-chave anteriormente apresentadas foram consultadas mediante o MeSH. Foi usada a sistematização PRISMA para a elaboração desta revisão.  RESULTADOS: Os artigos analisados foram publicados em periódicos internacionais. A VB pode estar ou não associada à prematuridade e seu tratamento convencional apresentou limitações, sendo a rifaximina mais indicada. CONCLUSÃO:  A VB deve ser investigada e tratada adequadamente durante a gestação, devido ao risco. Entretanto, existem estudos que relatam baixa associação entre a VB e prematuridade, enquanto outros relatam a relação dos dois fatores. Dessa forma, mais estudos devem ser realizados a fim de propor um possível Estado da Arte

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods: This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results: Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions: Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution