Produção de matrizes adsorventes a partir de Zeólita A e Sodalíta / Adsorbents matrices production from Zeolite A and Sodalite

Com a necessidade de desenvolver tecnologias objetivando remover poluentes de resíduos líquidos e gasosos. Este trabalho visou obter dados de projeto a partir de caulim de enchimento para à síntese de zeólitas. A síntese de zeólita aconteceu em um sistema agitado com aquecimento a vapor, utilizando como matéria-prima caulim de enchimento. No processo, utilizou-se como fonte de sílica e alumínio o metacaulim (caulim calcinado à temperatura de 600 °C por 2 horas) e uma solução aquosa de NaOH 5 M. O tempo de reação para formação do material zeolítico foi de 2 horas. A síntese produziu bons resultados para formação de zeólitas tipo A. Também houve a formação de outra fase zeolítica, a hidroxisodalita. O material zeolítico obtido através da síntese hidrotermal de zeólitas foi pelotizado utilizando como ligante argila, para criar poros a fim de aumentar a área superficial do pellet, foi introduzido carvão vegetal comercial nas porções de 5 %, 10 %,15 % e 20 %. Os pellets foram utilizados para o estudo de adsorção de umidade, e adsorção de cobre (em solução de 200 ppm), comparou-se os resultados da adsorção dos pellets com a do material zeolítico em pó

Prevalência de gestantes diagnosticadas com HIV no “teste da mamãe” do Estado de Goiás no ano de 2005 a Setembro de 2016 / Prevalence of HIV diagnosed in pregnant women in the "mom test" of the state of Goiás from 2005 to September 2016

O HIV é um vírus do gênero Lentivirinae e da família Retroviridae, envelopado de RNA que, uma vez no hospedeiro, transcreve este material em DNA, infecta linfócitos e macrófagos que tem em sua superfície o marcador CD4. Atualmente houve uma progressiva feminização da infecção, decorrente da transmissão heterossexual. Segundo o Relatório Global do Programa Conjunto das Nações Unidas sobre HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), cerca de 200 milhões de mulheres ficam grávidas a cada ano, das quais 2,5 milhões são infectadas pelo HIV. Identificar o perfil epidemiológico das gestantes HIV positivo é de grande relevância, para a possibilidade de estabelecer estratégias de prevenção e assistência no pré-natal e puerpério. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência de infecção por HIV, das gestantes triadas pelo programa de proteção à gestante do Estado de Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, retrospectivo, compreendendo série histórica de dez anos, a partir de janeiro de 2005 a setembro de 2016. A triagem é realizada usando sangue seco em papel filtro e analisado pelo método ELISA. Do total de 834.155 gestantes, 1254 foram diagnosticadas com HIV positivo, obtendo prevalência de 1,50 para cada 1000 mulheres (IC95% 1,42-1,58), sendo observado variações de 1,42 para cada 1000 mulheres em 2005 e 1,49 em 2016

Perfil epidemiológico das gestantes diagnosticadas com toxoplasmose no exame de pré natal do distrito federal no ano de 2018 / Epidemiological profile of pregnant women diagnosed with toxoplasmosis in the prenatal examination of the federal district in 2018

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da toxoplasmose em gestantes triadas pelo Programa de Proteção à Gestante do Distrito Federal e identificar fatores associados à infecção. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e retrospectivo, incluindo uma série histórica de mulheres grávidas rastreadas pelo programa de proteção à gestante (PPG) no Distrito Federal no ano de 2018. A triagem é realizada usando sangue seco em papel filtro e analisado pelo método ELISA. Resultados: Do total de 32.288 gestantes triadas, 12.480 foram diagnosticadas com Toxoplasmose, estimando uma prevalência geral de 38,65 (IC 95%: 38,12-39,18). Conclusão: a prevalência encontrada é semelhante as de outras regiões, é importante destacar o grande número de gestantes susceptíveis a infecção da toxoplasmose o que pode possibilitar a infecção aguda durante a gestação. Sendo assim o acompanhamento das gestantes é fundamental para que se tenha uma adequada prevenção da toxoplasmose. 

Experimental Gastric Carcinogenesis in Cebus apella Nonhuman Primates

The evolution of gastric carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. We established two gastric carcinogenesis models in New-World nonhuman primates. In the first model, ACP03 gastric cancer cell line was inoculated in 18 animals. In the second model, we treated 6 animals with N-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU). Animals with gastric cancer were also treated with Canova immunomodulator. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical, including C-reactive protein, folic acid, and homocysteine, analyses were performed in this study. MYC expression and copy number was also evaluated. We observed that all animals inoculated with ACP03 developed gastric cancer on the 9th day though on the 14th day presented total tumor remission. In the second model, all animals developed pre-neoplastic lesions and five died of drug intoxication before the development of cancer. The last surviving MNU-treated animal developed intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma observed by endoscopy on the 940th day. The level of C-reactive protein level and homocysteine concentration increased while the level of folic acid decreased with the presence of tumors in ACP03-inoculated animals and MNU treatment. ACP03 inoculation also led to anemia and leukocytosis. The hematologic and biochemical results corroborate those observed in patients with gastric cancer, supporting that our in vivo models are potentially useful to study this neoplasia. In cell line inoculated animals, we detected MYC immunoreactivity, mRNA overexpression, and amplification, as previously observed in vitro. In MNU-treated animals, mRNA expression and MYC copy number increased during the sequential steps of intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis and immunoreactivity was only observed in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. Thus, MYC deregulation supports the gastric carcinogenesis process. Canova immunomodulator restored several hematologic measurements and therefore, can be applied during/after chemotherapy to increase the tolerability and duration of anticancer treatments

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions