KONSEPSI PENGUJIAN PREVENTIF DI MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM PROSES PEMBENTUKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DI INDONESIA

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apa yang menjadi alasan pentingnya pengujian preventif di Indonesia dan mengapa Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia merupakan lembaga negara yang tepat untuk diberikan kewenangan pengujian preventif, yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Terdapat adanya urgensi untuk mengadopsi mekanisme pengujian preventif karena mekanisme judicial review belum dapat mengakomodir sepenuhnya terkait dengan penjaminan hak asasi manusia. Ditambah lagi kualitas dan kompetensi dari anggota DPR yang kurang mumpuni dalam membentuk undangundang yang ideal, serta tingginya tendensi politik yang ada pada pembentuk undang-undang. 2. Mahkamah Konstitusi dinilai mempunyai kapasitas untuk mengemban kewenangan pengujian preventif (judicial preview), karena MK memiliki putusan yang bersifat final dan mengikat, yang kedudukannya setara dengan undang-undang. Ditambah lagi hakim MK mempunyai kualitas dan kompetensi yang mumpuni, yang menguasai konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan, sehingga mekanisme koreksi dan verifikasi dari MK dapat menciptakan good legislation

FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH DAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH PESISIR

Tuberculosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi bakteri menahun yang disebabkan oleh Mycobakterium Tuberculosis. TB merupakan salah satu dari sepuluh tertinggi penyebab kematian di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia angka kematian akibat TB mencapai 140.000 orang per tahun. Di Kabupaten kepulauan Sangihe Tuberkulosis Paru masih menjadi masalah kesehatan. Pada tahun 2018 jumlah kasus TB di Wilayah Puskesmas Manenete berjumlah 21 kasus dan terjadi peningkatan kasus pada tahun 2019 menjadi 44 kasus.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor lingkungan fisik rumah dengan kejadian TB Paru di Wilayah Puskesmas Manente. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi square menunjukkan variabel kepadatan hunian, ventilasi rumah serta jenis dinding rumah memiliki P value kurang dari 0.05 (<0.05). Untuk variabel jenis lantai diperoleh nilai P value lebih dari 0.05 (>0.05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kepadatan hunian, ventilasi rumah dan jenis dinding rumah dengan kejadian TB Paru serta tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis lantai rumah dengan kejadia TB Paru di Wilayah Puskesmas Manente. Pemerintah dan instansi terkait perlu melakukan promosi kesehatan secara rutin terkait upaya pencegahan TB Paru serta mengedukasi masyarakat untuk dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dengan menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat.   Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Death caused by TB amount 140,000 people in a  year. In Sangihe District, Pulmonary Tuberculosis was a health problem. In 2018 the number of TB cases in Manente Health Center area were 21 cases and increased in 2019 44 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between house physical condition factors with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Manente Health Center area. Those reseach were analytic survey research with a cross sectional approach. The results of bivariate analysis used the Chi Square Test showed that the variables of house density, house ventilation and type of house walls had a P value of less than 0.05 (<0.05). For the floor type variable, the P value was more than 0.05 (> 0.05). Based on the results the reaseach concluded that those was a relationship between house density, house ventilation and type of house wall with the incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and there was no relationship between the type of floor of the house and the incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Manente Health Center area. The government and related officer need to carry out regular health promotions about how to prevent Pulmonary Tuberculosis and educate the public able to increase endurance by implementing a clean and healthy lifestyle

Ragam Metode penetapan hukum Islam kontemporer

The first source of Islamic law is al-Qur'an, after the new Al-Qur'an, the Hadith of the Prophet SAW. When searching for a law that not contained in the Al-Qur’an and al-Hadith, way to do is using ijtihad (raʻyu). This ijtihad is the mobilization of all the abilities of a fuqaha 'to find sharia law,' and the person who discovered it was named Mujtahid. The scholars in using this ra'yu issued many methods as a tool to install the law, such as: ijma 'which is the ahlul ilmi agreement on the law of an event with the condition that the scientists gather at the same time Qiyas, istihsan, istishab, 'urf. The purpose of this paper is to explain contemporary ijtihad methods that can be used to perform istinbath law. The discussion discussed in this paper is about the various ways of establishing modern Islamic law. The methodology used in this paper is the type of library (library research), namely by referring to books relating to fiqh and ushul fiqh. From the author's analysis that the methods used to establish Islamic law in the contemporary period are no different from the methods used previously, namely sourced from the Qur'an, Hadith, and ijtihad of the scholars who have mujtahid criteria. &nbsp

Modeling of Wind Energy in Some Areas of Palestine

The daily mean wind speed data for 4 locations in Palestine over the period of 5 years (1997-2001) are collected, analyzed, and fitted to the Weibull distribution function. Weibull parameters are derived from the cumulative function of the observed data records, and used to calculate the mean wind speed and variance of the theoretical distribution, which have maximum values in summer months and minimum values in winter months, except Hebron station due to its higher elevation (1005 m) above sea level. However, Jericho station provides lower values of monthly mean wind speed (maximum, 2.56 m s-1). The second order polynomial is used to fit the relationship between the wind power and the mean wind speed. The monthly mean wind power density is higher during summer and lowers during winter except Hebron which is higher in winter and lower in summer months. The highest mean power values are 32.98 W m-2 in January and 37.85 W m-2 in July for Hebron and Nablus respectively, whereas the lowest mean power is 1.66 W m-2 in January for Jericho. The adjusted R2 of the polynomial fit is 99.8% for all stations except Hebron 70%. The following recommendations for further study are : • Manufacturing facilities for wind plant and wind turbine must be created in suitable sites. • It should be attended in selecting an appropriate site for the wind turbine. • In case to power generation, major problem is energy storage, we need to resolve this by linking wind generators with conventional electrical grid. • It should encourage the researchers to develop projects in the field of wind energy. • Where the wind speed is favorable, variety of applications of wind energy, short or long term research programmers may be undertaken for the utilization of wind energy in Palestine. V • Wind speed should be recorded in different locations of Palestine for precise studies in this field. • Decision makers should support researchers for continual studies.لقد تم جمع البيانات لمتوسط سرعة الرياح اليومية لأربعة مواقع في فلسطين خلال 5 سنوات وتحليلها وترآيبها على التوزيع "ويبل". وتستمد معاملات ويبل من الدالة التراآمية للبيانات للفترة (1997-2001،( والمستخدمة لحساب سرعة الرياح ويعني التباين في توزيع النظرية، التي تحتوي على قيم قصوى في أشهر الصيف والقيم الدنيا في أشهر الشتاء، باستثناء الخليل بسبب الارتفاع العالي ، (1005 م) فوق مستوى سطح البحر. ومع ذلك، تبين محطة أريحا انخفاض القيمة الشهرية لمتوسط سرعة الريح (آحد أقصى 56،2 م /ث). يتم استخدام متعدد الحدود من الدرجة الثانية لتناسب العلاقة بين طاقة الرياح وسرعة الرياح ان زيادة طاقة الرياح في الصيف تعني سرعة أعلى وهي تنخفض خلال فصل الشتاء باستثناء الخليل لتعطي قيمة أعلى في فصل الشتاء وتنخفض في أشهر الصيف. لقد تم تسجيل أعلى قيمه للقدرة لتكون 98.32 واط/ م 2 في يناير و85.37 واط/ م 2 في تموز / يوليو عن الخليل ونابلس على التوالي، في حين أن أدنى قيمة هي لتناسب متعدد الحدود هو 8،99 ٪ بالنسبة جميع 2 66.1 واط/ م 2 في يناير آانون الثاني لأريحا. و R المحطات بإستثناء 70 %الخليل . التوصيات التالية لمزيد من الدراسة المستقبلية : • يجب وضع توربينات الرياح في موقع مناسب. • المشكلة الرئيسية تتلخص في تخزين الطاقة، ونحن بحاجة إلى حل هذه عن طريق ربط مولدات الرياح مع الشبكة الكهربائية التقليدية. • ينبغي أن يشجع الباحثين على تطوير مشاريع في مجال توليد الطاقة من الرياح. • أن سرعة الرياح المواتية هي مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات من طاقة الرياح ، قصيرة أو طويلة الأجل يمكن اتخاذها للاستفادة من طاقة الرياح في فلسطين. وينبغي قياس سرعة الرياح (مقدارا واتجاها) في مواقع مختلفة من فلسطين للدراسات الدقيقة في هذا المجال باستخدام أجهزة حساسة ومتطورة. • ينبغي على صناع القرار دعم الباحثين لإجراء دراسات مستمرة

Theory and Optimization of Generalized Maximum Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy Methods

The studying and formulating of the generalized maximum fuzzy entropy methods for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy is the focus of this manuscript. The methods were constructed by finding two generalized maximum fuzzy entropy distributions as MinMaxFE and MaxMaxFE, which gives the least and the greatest values of the entropy based on membership function values. We define the optimization problem and study the existence of the solution subject to moment constraints through Lagrange multiplier method. Real life application of data sets in medical fields and in image processing is studied to show whether the developed method can be applied successfully in fuzzy data analysis, and the performance of these distributions is measured using chi-square, RMSE, MFE criteria

Enhanced effects of dietary tannic acid with chlorantraniliprole on life table parameters and nutritional physiology of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly polyphagous pest which causes considerable economic losses to cotton and many vegetable crops. Tannins are among the most important secondary metabolites in cotton plants. We show that tannic acid enhances the toxic effect of chlorantraniliprole on S. exigua when presented in combination. Bioassays using third-instar S. exigua larvae on an artificial diet showed that consumption of tannic acid with chlorantraniliprole at the concentration of (2 mg/g and LC50 0.018 mg/L) had higher toxicity when compared to either chlorantraniliprole or tannic acid alone (LC50 0.027 mg/L). The diet containing tannic acid with chlorantraniliprole significantly prolonged larval and pupal developmental time and extended mean generation time and total preoviposition period compared to either chemical alone. Moreover, fecundity, survival rate, reproductive value, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and net reproduction rate declined significantly when exposed to the combined treatment. No difference was observed between tannic acid and the control. Meanwhile, tannic acid with chlorantraniliprole had markedly antifeedant effects; causing significant decline in the relative growth rate (RGR), the relative consumption rate (RCR), the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), the efficiency of conversion of digested food and an increase in the approximate digestibility (AD) compared to either chemical alone. Tannic acid with chlorantraniliprole also decreased the insect’s carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents significantly. The results showed that the interaction between tannic acid and chlorantraniliprole on the growth inhibition of larvae was additive and tannic acid increased the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to insects. The results of this study provide information useful in integrated pest management programs for S. exigua and show that tannic acid combined with chlorantraniliprole may be a route to reducing the use of synthetic pesticides

The antagonist and synergist potential of cholinium-based deep eutectic solvents

The design of environmentally friendlier solvents has gained increasing relevance in the last decade. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently emerged, with advantages like low-cost and putative lower environmental impact. However, information about DES toxicity is still scarce. This work aims to contribute to profiling the ecotoxicity of DES based on cholinium chloride ([Chol]Cl). Six DES were addressed, combining [Chol]Cl (as hydrogen bond acceptor - HBA) with ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, propionic acid, 1-propanol, and urea as hydrogen bond donors (HBD), in different molar ratios. The Microtox® Acute Toxicity Test, was used for assessing their toxicity towards the marine bacteria Allivibrio fischeri . Because the dissociation of DES in water is expected, analysis appraising the mixtures toxicity theory should be considered, which is a step forward in this field. This analysis suggested that [Chol]Cl and all HBD with the exception of propionic acid:[Chol]Cl 1:2 and 4:1 behave antagonistically, which is contrary to what has been suggested previously. The most extreme cases are Urea:[Chol]Cl and 1-Propanol:[Chol]Cl, with EC50 values higher than their starting materials dosed singly, configuring very promising and biocompatible alternative solvents. Toxicity was found to be dependent on DES composition, as well as on molar proportions of the starting materials.publishe