A Influência da Pandemia da Covid-19 na Pronunciação de Sinais Neurológicos e Cognitivos de Crianças e Adolescentes com TDAH: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Abstract: Introduction: The suspension of school activities and the confinement of children and adolescents with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in their homes during the pandemic affected the psychomotor development and mental health of these young people. Children and adolescents in this group are especially vulnerable to isolation. Thus, the general objective of this literary review is to describe the neurological and cognitive consequences that this audience suffered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is an integrative review of articles indexed in PubMed, BVS, Scopus, SpringerLink and ScienceDirect databases. The inclusion criteria and filters for this work were: articles related to the topic, works in humans, carried out in the last 5 years, only in Portuguese, French, English and Spanish and with full text available. The exclusion parameters were: duplicate articles, theme avoidance, review texts and unavailable works. Furthermore, the selection was performed by pairs and the kappa coefficient was equal to K = 0.760. Results: Confinement negatively affected young people with ADHD, as it contributed to intensifying the symptoms of the disorder. The main changes reported were behavioral changes, mood problems and sleep disturbances. However, measures such as family counseling by a multidisciplinary team and medical follow-up to monitor the symptoms of these patients can help to minimize these effects. Discussion: Similar to the literature, consequences of confinement in aspects related to irritability and dream patterns in children and adolescents with ADHD were described. Among the measures to alleviate these sequelae, it was seen that pharmacological treatment must be constant, associated with family cooperation. Conclusion: Social isolation worsened neurological and psychiatric signs in children and adolescents with ADHD. Medical counseling and monitoring of clinical changes are ways to alleviate the effects of the pandemic in this group.Resumo: Introdução: A suspensão das atividades escolares e o confinamento de crianças e adolescentes com TDAH (Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade) em suas casas durante a pandemia afetou o desenvolvimento psicomotor e a saúde mental desses jovens. Crianças e adolescentes desse grupo são especialmente vulneráveis à situação de isolamento. Desse modo, o objetivo geral desta revisão literária é descrever as consequências neurológicas e cognitivas que esse público sofreu devido à pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de artigos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, Scopus, SpringerLink e ScienceDirect. Os critérios de inclusão e filtros para esse trabalho foram: artigos relacionados ao tema, trabalhos em humanos, realizados nos últimos 5 anos, apenas nas línguas Português, Francês, Inglês e Espanhol e com texto completo disponível. Os parâmetros de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, fuga ao tema, textos de revisão e trabalhos não disponíveis. Além disso, a seleção foi realizada por pares e o coeficiente de kappa foi igual a K = 0.760. Resultados: O confinamento afetou negativamente os jovens com TDAH, pois contribuiu na intensificação da sintomatologia do transtorno. As principais mudanças relatadas foram alterações de comportamento, problemas com humor e distúrbios de sono. Porém, medidas como aconselhamento familiar por equipe multiprofissional e acompanhamento médico para monitorização de alterações sintomatológicas desses pacientes podem ajudar a minimizar esses efeitos. Discussão: Semelhante à literatura, foram descritas consequências do enclausuramento nos aspectos relacionados à irritabilidade e aos padrões oníricos nas crianças e nos adolescentes com TDAH. Entre as medidas para abrandar essas sequelas viu-se que o tratamento farmacológico deve ser constante, associado à cooperação da família. Conclusão: O isolamento social agravou os sinais neurológicos e psiquiátricos em crianças e adolescentes com TDAH. O aconselhamento médico e a monitorização das mudanças clínicas são formas de amenizar os efeitos da pandemia nesse grupo

Effect of dietary soybean oil inclusion on liver-related transcription factors in a pig model for metabolic diseases.

Dietary fatty acids (FA) are components of the lipids, which contribute to membrane structure, energy input, and biological functions related to cellular signaling and transcriptome regulation. However, the consumers still associate dietary FA with fat deposition and increased occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Previous studies already demonstrated that some fatty acids are linked with inflammatory response, preventing metabolic diseases. To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. The key TF were identified by functional enrichment analysis from the list of differentially expressed genes identified in liver samples between 35 pigs fed with 1.5% or 3.0% soybean oil. The functional enrichment analysis detected TF linked to lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response, such as RXRA, EGFR, and SREBP2 precursor. These findings demonstrated that key TF related to lipid metabolism could be modulated by dietary inclusion of soybean oil. It could contribute to nutrigenomics research field that aims to elucidate dietary interventions in animal and human health, as well as to drive food technology and science

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O USO DA PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA COMO FERRAMENTA DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DE MELHORIA CONTÍNUA: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA EMPRESA FABRICANTE DE EMBALAGEM DE PAPEL NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar o desenvolvimento de um programa ambiental na resolução dos problemas existentes em uma empresa fabricante de embalagens de papel localizada no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido na empresa no período de novembro de 2001 a novembro de 2002, quando foram abordadas todas as fases referentes ao Programa de Produção Mais Limpa. A implementação do Programa na empresa apoiou-se na fundamentação teórica do autor do estudo e na boa vontade dos funcionários sensibilizados. Os resultados alcançados superaram as expectativas iniciais, apesar de algumas oportunidades identificadas não terem sido introduzidas nos processos. O Programa enraizou alguns de seus princípios na mentalidade dos funcionários, que passaram a enxergar suas atividades de um outro ângulo. A inércia da rotina de trabalho para alguns dos empregados transformou-se em cinética de melhoramento. Objetivava-se também, inicialmente, o uso do Programa de Produção Mais Limpa no ciclo de melhoria contínua. Porém, com a ausência de uma coordenação do Programa próativa, não houve uma continuidade do Programa. Cabe salientar que isso deveria ter sido feito após a implementação do Programa na empresa, por parte de seus funcionários. Felizmente, pôde-se constatar, com a realização deste estudo, que as problemáticas ambientais nas empresas podem ser vencidas com atitudes relativamente simples e barata

Effect of Dietary Soybean Oil Inclusion on Liver-Related Transcription Factors in a Pig Model for Metabolic Diseases

The objective of this study was to identify key transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism and immune response related to the differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the liver samples of 35 pig model for metabolic diseases fed diets containing either 1.5 or 3.0% soybean oil (SOY1.5 or SOY3.0). A total of 281 DEG between SOY1.5 and SOY3.0 diets (log2fold-change ≥ 1 or ≤ −1; FDR-corrected p-value < 0.1) were identified, in which 129 were down-regulated and 152 were up-regulated in SOY1.5 group. The functional annotation analysis detected transcription factors linked to lipid homeostasis and immune response, such as RXRA, EGFR, and SREBP2 precursor. These findings demonstrated that key transcription factors related to lipid metabolism could be modulated by dietary inclusion of soybean oil. It could contribute to nutrigenomics research field that aims to elucidate dietary interventions in animal and human health, as well as to drive the food technology and science.This preprint is from Fanalli, S.L.; da Silva, B.P.M.; Gomes, J.D.; Ciconello, F.N.; de Almeida, V.V.; Freitas, F.A.O.; Moreira, G.C.M.; Silva-Vignato, B.; Afonso, J.; Reecy, J.; Koltes, J.; Koltes, D.; Regitano, L.C.D.A.; Baileiro, J.C.D.C.; Freitas, L.; Coutinho, L.L.; Fukumasu, H.; de Alencar, S.M.; Luchiari Filho, A.; Cesar, A.S.M. Effect of Dietary Soybean Oil Inclusion on Liver-Related Transcription Factors in a Pig Model for Metabolic Diseases. Preprints 2022, 2022020149 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202202.0149.v1). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited