Cantos de sirenas

Primer accesit del Certame

Estimación del índice de aversión al riesgo mediante un diseño experimental utilizando la función CRRA

Las decisiones de los individuos en condiciones de incertidumbre y riesgo pueden ser medidas utilizando la teoría de la Utilidad Esperada, elemento fundamental que permite encontrar de manera experimental el coeficiente de aversión al riesgo utilizando la función de Aversión Relativa al Riesgo Constante (CRRA) -- Para la estimación, se propone la metodología de Random Lottery Pairs (RLP), en la cual un sujeto se enfrenta a la elección entre un par de loterías debiendo escoger la de su preferencia -- Esta metodología se aplicó a pequeña escala con fines comparativos a estudios previamente realizados, puesto que se ha evidenciado su efectividad para medir la aversión al riesgo y su practicidad para los participantes del experimento; el cual fue aplicado a dos grupos de estudiantes de especialización y pregrado en Finanzas de la Universidad EAFIT, de las sedes Bogotá y Medellín -- Lo anterior, permitió estimar el coeficiente de aversión al riesgo mediante la calibración de la función CRRA y modelar las preferencias de los individuos, donde los resultados encontrados indican lo evidenciado en la literatura, los individuos, en este caso, representado por los dos grupos de estudiantes son aversos al riesg

Adaptación de nuevos deportes de aventura a la educación física escolar: las vías ferratas

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta didáctica utilizando un contenido poco común en educación física como es la vía ferrata. La inclusión de un deporte de aventura en un programa de esta asignatura viene justificada, entre otros motivos, por el interés del alumnado para aprender nuevas actividades distintas a las tradicionales (fútbol, baloncesto, atletismo, etc.). Este deporte de aventura se caracteriza por seguir un itinerario tanto vertical como horizontal por una pared de roca utilizando equipamiento especial para ello. En este artículo se proponen ideas de cómo adaptar este deporte y sus elementos técnicos a la clase de educación física

Adaptació de nous esports d’aventura a l’educació física escolar: les vies ferrades

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és presentar una proposta didàctica utilitzant un contingut poc comú en educació física com és la via ferrada. La inclusió d’un esport d’aventura en un programa d’aquesta assignatura ve justificada, entre altres motius, per l’interès de l’alumnat per aprendre noves activitats diferents de les tradicionals (futbol, basquetbol, atletisme, etc.). Aquest esport d’aventura es caracteritza per seguir un itinerari tan vertical com horitzontal per una paret de roca utilitzant equipament especial. En aquest article es proposen idees sobre com adaptar aquest esport i els seus elements tècnics a la classe d’educació física

Evaluación de las concentraciones internas y externas de material particulado PM2.5 en dos instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Barranquilla, Atlántico

Exposure to contaminated environments has important health repercussions, especially for vulnerable groups such as children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concentrations of PM2.5 particulate matter in two educational institutions (EI) in both indoor and outdoor environments. During the period between June and October 2019, the concentrations were evaluated by means of low-cost PA-II-SD sensors from PurpleAir, which were validated and calibrated by parallel measurements with the Teledyne model T640X reference equipment. The PM2.5 average concentrations for the EIA were 14.46 and 17.26 µg/m3 and for the EIB of 19.18 and 18.95 µg/m3 in internal and external environments, respectively. Ventilation processes, classroom activity and vehicular traffic were the factors that most affected variations in concentrations. The Indoor/Outdoor relations at PM2.5 levels demonstrate that the EIA is less affected by external concentrations (I/O = 0.83), while the EIB has equal concentrations for both environments (I/O = 1.01). These variations are related to the location (being EIA in an urban background area and EIB an area close to the traffic influence) and the architectural conditions of the buildings evaluated. Likewise, significant differences were observed between working and non-working days and between the conditions of occupation of the classrooms. The results indicate the need to evaluate each EI individually, assuring a good air quality to children.La exposición a ambientes contaminados trae repercusiones importantes a la salud, sobre todo a grupos vulnerables como los niños. El presente estudio tiene como finalidad evaluar las concentraciones de material particulado PM2.5 en dos instituciones educativas (IEA y IEB) en ambientes interiores y exteriores. Las concentraciones fueron evaluadas por medio de sensores de bajo costo PA-II-SD de la empresa PurpleAir, los cuales fueron validados y calibrados por mediciones paralelas con el equipo de referencia Teledyne modelo T640X. El periodo de muestreo comprendió entre junio y octubre de 2019. Las concentraciones promedio de PM2.5 para la IEA fueron de 14,46 y 17,26 µg/m3 y para la IEB de 19,18 y 18,95 µg/m3 en ambientes internos y externos, respectivamente. Los procesos de ventilación, la actividad de las aulas y el tráfico vehicular fueron los factores que más afectaron las variaciones en las concentraciones. Las relaciones Interior/Exterior en los niveles de PM2.5 demuestran que la IEA es menos afectada por las concentraciones externas (I/E = 0,83), mientras la IEB presenta concentraciones iguales para los dos ambientes (I/E = 1,01). Estas variaciones están relacionadas con la ubicación (siendo IEA en un área de fondo urbano e IEB un área cercana a la influencia del tráfico) y las condiciones arquitectónicas de las edificaciones evaluadas. Igualmente fueron observadas diferencias significativas entre los días hábiles y no hábiles y entre las condiciones de ocupación de las aulas. Los resultados indican la necesidad de evaluar cada IE individualmente, para garantizar una buena calidad de aire a los niños

Inclusion of lemon leaves and rice straw into compound feed and its effect on nutrient balance, milk yield, and methane emissions in dairy goats

This study was supported by LIFE Project, Valencia, Spain (ref. LIFE2016/CCM/ES/000088 LOW CARBON FEED). The authors have not stated any conflicts of interestRomero Rueda, T.; Pérez Baena, I.; Larsen, T.; Gomis-Tena Dolz, J.; Loor, JJ.; Fernández Martínez, CJ. (2020). Inclusion of lemon leaves and rice straw into compound feed and its effect on nutrient balance, milk yield, and methane emissions in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Science. 103(7):6178-6189. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18168S61786189103

The effect of ketotifen on inflammatory markers in allergic conjunctivitis: an open, uncontrolled study

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of ketotifen eye drop treatment in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) management is perfectly known by several studies, but the mechanism of action at the biochemical levels is poorly understood so we decided to perform an open, uncontrolled study in order to investigate the effect of the topical administration of ketotifen fumarate 0.05% on biochemical markers of inflammation on conjunctival cells in patients with AC. METHODS: Nineteen patients with symptoms and signs of AC (itching, discharge, burning, redness, increase in the watery discharge, swelling and follicles) and with a history of allergy were prescribed with two daily instillation of one drop of eyewash ketotifen fumarate 0,05% in both eyes during thirty days. They were studied by measuring clinical and immunologic parameters. RESULTS: Ketotifen fumarate treatment significantly reduced the total symptoms and signs score for each patient as well as each symptoms and signs at all time points compared with day 0 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.016, respectively). Although the percentage of HLA-DR+ epithelial cells diminished only in 58% of patients, the numbers of CD29+ and eotaxin+ epithelial cells dropped significantly in 68% and 73 % of them (p < 0.0062 and <0.0082, respectively) as a consequence of the treatment. In 9 out of 19 patients a simultaneous decrease in the percentage of epithelial cells positive for CD29 and eotaxin was observed. CONCLUSION: Ketotifen besides the well-known effect in reducing signs and symptoms of AC significantly diminished production of eotaxin and expression of CD29 by epithelial cells in patients with seasonal AC

Terminal Crossbreeding of Murciano-Granadina Goats with Boer Bucks: Characteristics of the Carcass and the Meat

[EN] In Murciano-Granadina-breed dairy goat farms, meat production from purebred kids is not very profitable due to its high costs, so it is proposed to cross unused dairy females to produce a replacement for the herd with a breed specialised for meat production, i.e., the Boer breed. Our previous results verified that this crossbreeding strategy improved the productive characteristics of the kids (growth and costs), so the aim of this work was to ascertain its consequences on the carcass and meat characteristics of suckling kids (9 kg weight at slaughter) of both sexes. Ninety-four kids were used. It was found that crossbred kids reached slaughter weight at a younger age, and although their carcass yield did not improve, they did show higher muscle/bone and meat/bone ratios and better meat texture (less firmness). In turn, males slightly improved the proportion of expensive cuts, but their carcasses contained a lower proportion of intermuscular fat and lower muscle/bone and meat/bone ratios than females. There were no sensory differences in any case. It is concluded that this crossbreeding also improves the carcass and meat characteristics, constituting a valid alternative to improve the economic results of Murciano-Granadina breed herds. After verifying productive improvements from the crossbreeding (MB) of Boer males with females of the Murciano-Granadina (MG) breed, the aim of this work was to determine its consequences on the carcass and meat characteristics of suckling kids (9 kg of weight at slaughter) of both sexes. A total of 94 kids (25 purebred MG males, 19 purebred MG females, 25 crossed MB males and 25 crossed MB females) were used. It was found that MB kids reached slaughter weight at a younger age (44 +/- 1 vs. 63 +/- 1 days, p < 0.001). For carcass yield, the interaction genotype x sex was observed, where MB females presented a higher value (51.71 +/- 0.34%) than the rest of the animals (MB males 50.53 +/- 0.34, p < 0.05; MG males 50.60 +/- 0.34, p < 0.05; MG females 49.62 +/- 0.39, p < 0.001). MB kids had greater leg compactness, (36.28 +/- 0.27 vs. 34.71 +/- 0.29 g/cm, p < 0.001), slightly improved expensive carcass cuts (75.93 +/- 0.31 vs. 74.77 +/- 0.34%, p = 0.014) and higher muscle/bone (2.93 +/- 0.03 vs. 2.76 +/- 0.03, p < 0.001) and meat/bone ratios (3.56 +/- 0.04 vs. 3.36 +/- 0.04, p < 0.001) than MG kids. They also showed a somewhat more intense red colour (8.57 +/- 0.25 vs. 7.74 +/- 0.27, p = 0.027), higher colour saturation (9.06 +/- 0.24 vs. 8.20 +/- 0.26, p = 0.016) and less meat firmness (1.95 +/- 0.08 vs. 2.23 +/- 0.081 kg/cm(2), p = 0.021). On the other hand, males had a slightly improved proportion of expensive cuts (75.98 +/- 0.31 vs. 74.73 +/- 0.34, p = 0.008), but their carcass contained a higher proportion of bone (22.16 +/- 0.21 vs. 21.17 +/- 0.17%; p < 0.001), a lower proportion of intermuscular fat (9.54 +/- 0.24 vs. 10.93 +/- 0.24, p < 0.001), a higher muscle/fat ratio (5.01 +/- 0.10 vs. 4.41 +/- 0.10, p < 0.001) and lower muscle/bone (2.80 +/- 0.03 vs. 2.89 +/- 0.03%, p = 0.016) and meat/bone ratios (3.36 +/- 0.04 vs. 3.56 +/- 0.04%, p < 0.001) than females. There were no sensory differences in any case. It is concluded that this crossbreeding strategy also improves the carcass and meat characteristics, making it a valid alternative to improve the productive results of MG dairy goat herds.This research was funded by the project RTA2013-00107 (INIA) with FEDER funds.Pérez Baena, I.; Peris Ribera, CJ.; Fernández Martínez, N.; Franch-Dasí, J.; Sagbay, C.; Teran-Piña, JC.; Rodríguez Garcia, M. (2022). Terminal Crossbreeding of Murciano-Granadina Goats with Boer Bucks: Characteristics of the Carcass and the Meat. Animals. 12(19):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192548117121

An automatic weighting system for wild animals based in an artificial neural network: how to weigh wild animals without causing stress

This paper proposes a novel and autonomous weighing system for wild animals. It allows evaluating changes in the body weight of animals in their natural environment without causing stress. The proposed system comprises a smart scale designed to estimate individual body weights and their temporal evolution in a bird colony. The system is based on computational intelligence, and offers valuable large amount of data to evaluate the relationship between long-term changes in the behavior of individuals and global change. The real deployment of this system has been for monitoring a breeding colony of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in southern Spain. The results show that it is possible to monitor individual weight changes during the breeding season and to compare the weight evolution in males and females