Eyetracking on the battlefield: A job analysis in the A400M operational test program

In the A400M operational test program led by the French Air Warfare Center, the Human Factor Department was tasked to carry out a workload analysis for tactical missions. The final objective is to define the profile of a third crew member. This additional crew member could be integrated in tactical missions to assist the two pilots crew. The Human Factor specialists have used the following methodology. First, we analysed the two pilot crews activity to identify limits of the task sharing, limits of the procedures and critical situations related to goal achievement and security. Then we have understood the effects of the determining factors in order to produce ergonomics recommandations. All the valuations were performed during international tactical exercices. No specific demands related to the study were expressed and workload assessment was integrated in planned tactical missions

Abnormally expressed ER stress response chaperone Gp96 in CD favours adherent-invasive Escherichia coli invasion

Background and aims Crohn's disease (CD) ileal lesions are colonised by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) producing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contribute to the bacterial invasion process. In addition, increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localised stress response proteins, due to ER stress, is observed in patients with CD. The expression of the ER-localised stress response protein Gp96 in patients with CD and its biological role with regards to the ability of AIEC to invade intestinal epithelial cells were analysed.Methods and results Immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays showed that, together with CEACAM6 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6) or the ER stress protein Grp78, Gp96 is also strongly expressed at the apical plasma membrane of the ileal epithelial cells of 50% of patients with CD. Invasion experiments in the presence of antibodies raised against Gp96, or after transfection of Intestine-407 cells with gp96 small interfering RNA (siRNA), indicated that Gp96 is essential to promote AIEC LF82 invasion, allowing, via the recognition of the outer membrane protein OmpA, OMVs to fuse with intestinal epithelial cells.Conclusions Gp96 is overexpressed on the apical surface of ileal epithelial cells in patients with CD and acts as a host cell receptor for OMVs, promoting AIEC invasion. From the results shown here, it is speculated that AIEC could take advantage of the abnormal expression of Gp96 in patients with CD to invade the ileal mucosa

Serologic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Wild Rodents, Europe

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Emission of Gas and Al2O3 Smoke in Gas–Al Particle Deflagration: Experiments and Emission Modeling for Explosive Fireballs

International audienceEmission of gas and Al2O3 smoke within the deflagration of H2−O2–{N2−CO2}–Al particles has been studied in a closed combustion chamber at pressures of up to 18 bar and at gas temperatures of up to 3700 K. Measurements of radiance intensity were taken using a five wavelength pyrometer (0.660 μm, 0.850 μm, 1.083 μm, 1.260 μm, 1.481 μm) and a grating spectrometer in the range (4.10 μm to 4.30 μm). In order to characterize the aluminum oxide smoke size and temperature, an inversion method has been developed based on the radiation transfer equation and using pyrometer measurements and thermochemical calculations of Al2O3 smoke volume fractions. Temperatures in combustion gas have been determined using a method based on the assumed blackbody head of the 4.26 μm CO2 emission line and on its spectral shift with pressure and temperature. For validation purpose, this method has been applied to measurements obtained when calibrated alumina particles are injected in a combustion chamber prior to gaseous deflagrations. This mathematical inversion method was developed to investigate explosive fireballs

Analytic Model of Threshold Voltage (VTH) Recovery in Fully Recessed Gate MOS-Channel HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) after OFF-State Drain Stress

Today, wide bandgap (WBG) GaN semiconductors are considered the future, allowing the improvement of power transistors. The main advantage of GaN is the presence of two-dimensional electron gas (2Deg) typically used as a conduction layer in normally-on and normally-off transistors. Concerning the normally-off family, several solutions are proposed. Among these, one of the most promising is the MIS-Gate technology that features a gate recess architecture allowing the semiconductor to physically cut off the 2Deg and drastically decrease gate–source leakage currents. The Vth relaxation characteristic, after voltage stress, has been investigated. It has been shown that the main impact is due to charges close to the gate dielectric/GaN interface, precisely dwelling within the dielectric or the GaN epitaxy. This work provides an analytical model of the Vth evolution of these MIS-GATE (metal insulator semiconductor gate) transistors fabricated on GaN-silicon substrate. This model allows the extraction of different trap energy levels from a temporary threshold voltage (Vth) shift after 650 V stress. Based on this method, it is possible to identify up to four different trap energy levels. By comparing state of the art methods, we show that these obtained energy levels are well correlated with either magnesium and carbon impurity or Ga and/or N vacancy sites in the GaN epitaxy

Legionella pneumophila LPS to evaluate urinary antigen tests

International audienceThree urinary antigen tests were compared using purified Legionella pneumophila (Lp) LPS. For Lp serogroup1, Sofia®FIA and Binax®EIA limits of detection (LOD) were similar; that of BinaxNOW® lower. For all tests the LOD was higher with LPS from non-Pontiac compared to Pontiac-strains. The LOD was variable for other Lp serogroups

Analytic model of Vth recovery in MISGate recess high electron mobility transistor after blocking voltage stress

International audienceToday wide band gap (WBG) material are consider as future brick allowing improvement of power transistor in order to reduce conduction lost as well as switching loses. Two kind of WBG are in concurrence SiC and GaN. For economical reason, several researches are particularly fo-cused on GaN on silicon. The main advantage of GaN is the capability to use a two-dimensional electron gaz (2Deg) as conduction layer but the transistors using this 2Deg are naturally normally on. Several solution are proposed to make it normally off and one of these is the usage of gate re-cess (allowing to cut physically the 2Deg). This work provide an analytical model of Vth evolution in MISGATE (metal insulator gate) GaN transistor on silicon. It has been shown that the main impact is due to charges close to the gate oxide (Al2O3 and AlN/AL2O3) interface and GaN charges. This model allows extracting traps energy levels from threshold voltage (Vth) re-covery curve in the time after a 650V stress. It has been possible to extract up to four different traps energies levels

Serological surveillance for wild rodent infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Europe

International audienceWe report serological surveillance for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in 1,237 wild rodents and other small mammals across Europe. All samples were negative with the possible exception of one. Given the ongoing circulation of this virus in humans and potential host jumps, we suggest such surveillance be continued

Serological surveillance for wild rodent infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Europe

International audienceWe report serological surveillance for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in 1,237 wild rodents and other small mammals across Europe. All samples were negative with the possible exception of one. Given the ongoing circulation of this virus in humans and potential host jumps, we suggest such surveillance be continued