Marketing proximity in franchise company

Se analiza la implantación de las estrategias del Marketing de Proximidad en las Empresas de Franquicia españolas y extranjeras, en España. Parte de dos hipótesis: 1. la empresa de franquicia tiene poco aprovechada su web; 2. la empresa de franquicia tiene una alta presencia en los espacios 2.0, generando herramientas que le permiten una rápida y eficaz interacción con sus consumidores. El objetivo es describir y analizar los recursos utilizados para interactuar con sus clientes finales, centrándose en el estudio de la presencia en medios sociales. Para la recogida de información se ha utilizado un cuestionario estructurado. Los principales resultados muestran que la empresa de franquicia posee una web corporativa escasamente aprovechada como herramienta de comunicación con su público. Se observa una gran presencia en canales 2.0, gestionados mayoritariamente por un Community Manager.The article focused on analyzing the implantation of the strategies of the Marketing proximity in the Spanish and foreign Franchise Companies, in Spain. It starts from two hypotheses: 1. The Franchise Company has his web slightly taken advantage of; 2. The Franchise Company has a high presence on 2.0 spaces, generating tools that allow him a rapid and effective interaction with his consumers. The aim is to describe and to analyze the resources used by this type of companies to interact with his final clients, focused on the study of their presence in social media. The method is based in a structured questionnaire. The principal results show that the franchise company possesses a corporate web scantily taken advantage as tool of direct communication with his final public. Nevertheless a great presence observes in different channels 2.0 managed in a high percentage of the cases by a Community Manager.Investigación financiada por la Universidad de Alicante (GRE11-16)

Marketing information resources in franchise companies

Se realiza un análisis descriptivo de las técnicas de marketing utilizadas por las empresas de franquicia españolas y las extranjeras operativas en España. El objetivo es describir y analizar los recursos de comunicación utilizados por este tipo de empresas para proveer de información a sus tres principales públicos objetivos: las unidades operativas con que cuenta la cadena (franquiciados), los inversores dispuestos a abrir nuevas unidades (posibles franquiciados) y los clientes finales de la empresa. Se analiza la pertinencia de tales recursos desde la propia perspectiva de los empresarios franquiciadores. Los resultados apuntan a un alto uso de los medios disponibles, y en las conclusiones se plantea su interrelación desde la nueva teoría estratégica de comunicación.A descriptive analysis of marketing techniques used by Spanish and foreign franchise companies operating in Spain has been carried out. The aim was to describe and analyse the relevance of the communication resources used by these companies when providing information to their three main targeted groups: existing units (franchisees), investors who are ready to open new units (possible franchisees), and final customers of the company. The results show high use of the communication resources and, from the viewpoint of the new strategic communication theory, the conclusion suggests that these resources should be interrelated.Los resultados aquí presentados forman parte de una investigación financiada por la Universidad de Alicante, con referencia: GRE11-16

Policy and Environmental Implications of Photovoltaic Systems in Farming in Southeast Spain: Can Greenhouses Reduce the Greenhouse Effect?

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have grown in popularity in the farming sector, primarily because land area and farm structures themselves, such as greenhouses, can be exploited for this purpose, and, moreover, because farms tend to be located in rural areas far from energy production plants. In Spain, despite being a country with enormous potential for this renewable energy source, little is being done to exploit it, and policies of recent years have even restricted its implementation. These factors constitute an obstacle, both for achieving environmental commitments and for socioeconomic development. This study proposes the installation of PV systems on greenhouses in southeast Spain, the location with the highest concentration of greenhouses in Europe. Following a sensitivity analysis, it is estimated that the utilization of this technology in the self-consumption scenario at farm level produces increased profitability for farms, which can range from 0.88% (worst scenario) to 52.78% (most favorable scenario). Regarding the Spanish environmental policy, the results obtained demonstrate that the impact of applying this technology mounted on greenhouses would bring the country 38% closer to reaching the 2030 greenhouse gas (GHG) target. Furthermore, it would make it possible to nearly achieve the official commitment of 20% renewable energies by 2020. Additionally, it would have considerable effects on the regional socioeconomy, with increases in job creation and contribution to gross domestic product (GDP)/R&D (Research and Development), allowing greater profitability in agrifood activities throughout the entire region

Complications in the treatment with alveolar extraosseous distractors: literature review

Background: To review the literature that analyses the types and frequency of complications associated with the use of extraosseous alveolar distraction from 2007 to 2013. Material and Methods: Review of the literature in PubMed, using these keywords; alveolar ridge, alveolar distraction osteogenesis, complication, literature review. Inclusion criteria were: articles published between 2007 and 2013 that included the distraction protocol, the complications encountered and the time when they occurred. Results: According to the above criteria, 12 articles were included in this review, where 334 extraosseous distractors were placed and 395 complications were encountered, of which 19 (4.81%) were intraoperative, 261 (66.07%) postoperative and 115 (29.11 %) were postdistraction. The most common complication was the incorrect distraction vector found in 105 cases (26.58%), in 23 cases (5.82%) there were severe complications, of which 14 (3.54%) were mandibular fracture and 9 (2.27%) were fractures of the distractor elements. Conclusions: According to this review, although alveolar distraction is a safe and predictable technique, it can cause complications; however, they are usually minor and easily resolved without affecting the treatment outcome

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone

Primary stability (PS) is a key factor for implant survival rate and depends on implant design or bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare different thread designs implants, evaluating PS with periotest values (PV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values through resonance frequency analysis (RFA). A total of 60 implants (Radhex®, Inmet-Garnick S.A., Guadalajara, Spain) were placed in freshly bovine ribs in vitro. Two designs were used: 30 tapered body with single thread design (PHI) and 30 tapered body with double thread design implants (PHIA). Both designs were 4mm wide and 12mm long. Implants were placed according to manufacturer?s guidelines. Osstell? and Periotest® devices were used to evaluate PS by a blinded independent observer. Computed tomographies (CTs) of the ribs were made (BrightSpeed Series CT systems, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and bone quality surrounding each implant was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU) using Ez3D Plus software (Vatech Co., Korea). Bone quality was classified according to Misch and Kircos in D1, D2, D3 or D4. All implants were mechanically stable. Only implants placed in D3 bone (350-850 HU) were selected for the study: 28 PHI and 26 PHIA. The one way ANOVA showed significant difference (p<0.005) among two implants designs in ISQ values (61,55 ± 6,67 in PHI and 68,94 ± 5,82 in PHIA). No significant difference (p = 0,171) was shown in PV between two designs (-4,47 ± 1,39 in PHI and -4,77 ± 0,87 in PHIA). Higher PS was found using Osstell? device in implants with double thread design (PHIA) in comparison to implants with single thread design (PHI) in D3 bone

American options

Treballs Finals de Grau de Matemàtiques, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: Juan Raúl Quiles Petidier, 2016 Director: Josep Vives i Santa EulàliaOne of the most important things that rules the world, is the economy. And the science that explains better the economy, is maths. When I was a child, I wanted to become an economist. So I decided to study maths because the background of the economy is maths, and knowing maths, you can understand the economy. Studying maths, I have been so amazed on how from nothing, only using mathematical results, we can build real things. This research work combines both things: a construction from nothing of an application to the economy, more precisely, applied to the financial markets

Reducción de la contaminación por hongos toxigénicos y micotoxinas en alimentos mediante el uso de isotiocianatos

El crecimiento de hongos es una de las causas más habituales del deterioro de los alimentos. Productos como los cereales, el pan y sus derivados son especialmente susceptibles ser contaminados con hongos toxigénicos y/o micotoxinas, lo que supone un problema de seguridad alimentaria. Por ello en la presente Tesis Doctoral se han estudiado la presencia de micotoxinas en 60 muestras de masas de pizza refrigeradas y el riesgo de exposición de la población a estos compuestos. Se detectaron aflatoxinas (AFs), zearalenona (ZEA), eniatinas (ENs) y beauvericina (BEA) en el 50, 100, 100 y 3 % respectivamente. Aunque el riesgo de exposición fue moderado, el 12 % de las muestras superaba los límites máximos legislados para AFs y la ZEA. En base a estos datos, se planteó la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias basadas en el uso de sustancias naturales para reducir la presencia de hongos toxigénicos y micotoxinas en este tipo de productos y similares. Los isotiocianatos (ITCs) son compuestos bioactivos obtenidos por la hidrólisis de los glucosinolatos (GSs), metabolitos secundarios de vegetales del género Brassica como brócoli, coliflor, coles de Bruselas y por encima de todos, la mostaza. Se han evaluado distintas metodologías de aplicación de los ITCs a productos de panadería, como el uso de harina de mostaza en la formulación de panes, o la liberación de ITCs a partir de harina de mostaza en el interior de envases de tortitas de trigo y masas de pizza. Todos estos alimentos fueron contaminados con hongos toxigénicos de los géneros Aspergillus y Penicillium para estudiar la efectividad de los distintos tratamientos antifúngicos. Asimismo, se diseñó un dispositivo con base de gel de hidroxietil celulosa para la volatilización del ITC alil isotiocianato (AITC) en el interior de silos de cereales para reducir la contaminación fúngica en maíz, cebada y trigo. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la eficacia de los ITCs como conservantes de origen natural, observándose una eficacia frente a los hongos ensayados (A. flavus, A. parasiticus y P. nordicum) equivalente al de los conservantes clásicos como el ácido propiónico y sus sales, y en muchos casos superior (100 % de reducción) a dosis superiores a los 10 µL/L. Cuando se utilizó la harina de mostaza como ingrediente, la más efectiva fue la amarilla, rica en el ITC parahidroxibencil isotiocianato (p-HBIT), mientras que, si el efecto se buscaba por volatilización en el interior del envase, las mayores propiedades antifúngicas fueron mostradas por la harina oriental, cuyo ITC mayoritario es el AITC. La reducción de la síntesis de micotoxinas producidas por los hongos ensayados (AFs) fue proporcional a la inhibición del crecimiento fúngico. Finalmente, la capacidad antifúngica del AITC también se demostró en sistemas de silos de cereales simulados, con reducciones de entre 0,9 y 2 log en bidones de 100 L, tratados durante 60 días con 50 µL/L.Fungi growth is one of the most common causes of food spoilage. Products such as cereals, bread and their derivates are especially susceptible to being contaminated with toxigenic fungi and / or mycotoxins, which is a problem of food safety. For this reason, in the present Doctoral Thesis, the presence of mycotoxins in 60 samples of refrigerated pizza doughs and the risk of exposure of the population to these compounds have been studied. Aflatoxins (AFs), zearalenone (ZEA), eniatins (ENs) and beauvericin (BEA) were detected in 50, 100, 100 and 3% respectively. Although the risk of exposure was moderate, 12% of the samples exceeded the maximum limits legislated for AFs and the ZEA. Based on these data, there’s a need to develop strategies based on the use of natural substances to reduce the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in this type of products and the like. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive compounds obtained by hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSs), secondary metabolites of Brassica vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and above all, mustard. Different methodologies for application of ITCs to bakery products have been evaluated, such as the use of mustard flour in the formulation of breads, or the release of ITCs from mustard flour inside the packages of wheat tortillas and pizza doughs. All these foods were contaminated with toxigenic fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium to study the effectiveness of the different antifungal treatments. In addition, a device with a hydroxyethyl cellulose gel base was designed for the volatilization of ITC allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) inside cereal silos to reduce fungal contamination in corn, barley and wheat. The results obtained reflect the effectiveness of ITCs as preservatives of natural origin, showing an efficacy against the fungi tested (A. flavus, A. parasiticus and P. nordicum) equivalent to that of classical preservatives such as propionic acid and its salts, and in many cases superior (100 % reduction) at doses higher than 10 μL/L. When mustard flour was used as an ingredient, the most effective was the yellow mustard, rich in ITC parahydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (-HBIT), while, if the effect was sought by volatilization inside the container, the highest antifungal properties were shown by the oriental mustard flour, whose main ITC is the AITC. The reduction of the synthesis of mycotoxins produced by the fungi tested (AFs) was proportional to the inhibition of fungal growth. Finally, the antifungal capacity of the AITC was also demonstrated in simulated grain silo systems, with reductions of between 0.9 and 2 log in 100 L plastic drums, treated for 60 days with 50 μL/L

Innovation in Strategies to Attract Franchisees

La investigación parte de la hipótesis de que las empresas franquiciadoras españolas innovan en estrategias de comunicación en relación con uno de sus principales públicos objetivo: los potenciales franquiciados. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las estrategias de comunicación desarrolladas por estas empresas para la captación de nuevos asociados. Se estudia la gestión y la valoración de las estrategias por parte de los franquiciadores en la situación actual de crisis y de cambios tecnológicos. Se han utilizado tanto técnicas cualitativas como cuantitativas. Como conclusión se determina si las empresas utilizan estrategias innovadoras sirviéndose del uso de nuevos medios y soportes o por el contrario siguen utilizando métodos tradicionales.The study tests the hypothesis that Spanish franchise companies innovate when it comes to communication strategies focused on one of their primary targets: potential franchisees. The purpose of this article is to analyze the communication strategies developed by these companies to attract new partners. The management and assessment strategies used by franchisors in the current situation marked by crisis and technological change are examined. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques are applied. In conclusion, it is determined if companies apply innovative strategies by making use of new media and support aids, or if they continue to use traditional methods

Alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and mandibular body-ramus

Provide a review of alternative intraoral donor sites to the chin and body-ramus of the mandible that bring fewer complications and that may be used to regenerate small and medium defects. A review was conducted using the search engine PUBMED and looking manually into scientific journals. From the 35 articles included, 6 corresponded to the coronoids, 3 corresponded to the zygomatic body, 5 corresponded to the anterior maxillary sinus wall, 3 corresponded to the zygomatic alveolar process, 2 corresponded to the incisive fossa, 2 corresponded to the anterior nasal spine, 2 corresponded to the palatal region, 5 corresponded to the tuberosity, and 7 corresponded to the palatal and mandibular tori. Although there are few complications described when using alternative intraoral donor sites, the main problem with these types of grafts is their scarce bone volume, with only the zygomatic body, anterior sinus wall, and palate sites being able to be used in medium defects. More clinical trials are necessary in order to evaluate the behavior of the alternative donor sites over time

Densitometría ósea de los maxilares y del espacio periimplantario

Este trabajo pretende analizar la densidad mineral ósea de los maxilares edéntulos in vivo mediante el uso de la absorciometría dual de doble energía de rayos X (DEXA). Con ello se quiere valorar las diferencias entre las distintas zonas de los maxilares, así como las diferencias según edad y sexo, elaborar un mapa de densidades y valorar la cicatrización ósea periimplantaria. La primera parte del estudio se realizó en 40 pacientes con zonas edéntulas de más de 9 meses de evolución realizándoseles una densitometría. Entre los resultados destacan una media de densidad general de 0,914 gr/cm2 (s = 0,195) y unas diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las zonas de los maxilares superior-inferior (p<0,01), anterior-posterior (p<0,05), anteroinferior-posteroinferior (p<0,01), anteroinferior-anterosuperior (p<0,01), inferior derecho-superior derecho (p<0,01), inferior izquierdo-superior izquierdo (p<0,05). No aparecieron diferencias significativas en cuanto al sexo ni a la edad. Se ha realizado un mapa preliminar de densidades según áreas de los maxilares. En el siguiente apartado se realizó un estudio de las medidas de densidad ósea periimplantaria recogidas en el tejido óseo adyacente a los 69 implantes dentales osteointegrados colocados en los pacientes con tres medidas; la ya referida previa a la cirugía, al mes y a los cuatro meses. Los resultados confirmaron un proceso de desmineralización postquirúrgica al mes y remineralización hasta valores superiores a los iniciales al cabo de los cuatro meses. Estos valores finales no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las comparaciones entre sexos, en las realizadas entre maxilar y mandíbula, ni por grupos de edad. Con todo ello se comprobó que el DEXA es un método válido para la medida de densidad mineral ósea in vivo de los maxilares, aunque requiere adaptaciones en el dispositivo y el método para su utilización práctica.Depto. de Anatomía y EmbriologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEpu