Innovación tecnológica en un caso de agricultura protegida en México

The objective of this research was to analyze technological change and innovation, how technology is transmitted and the networks linked to protected agriculture from a territorial approach in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Technological trajectory, the genealogical method and sociotechnical networks were used for its analysis. Results indicate that the trajectory occurred through the accumulation of technological changes, driven by development policies. Genealogies show that technology is introduced, adapted and reproduced by innovative agents who maintain relationships with universities and public institutions. Sociotechnical networks are characterized by their breadth, heterogeneity and clear articulation among actors; the extensionists are responsible for mediation and harmonization of processes and the creation of links and relationships among actors. Regional specialization was the key to the development of protected agriculture; however, it is necessary to diversify products, explore new markets and manage organization. Finally, the analytical approach used makes it possible to understand technological change and innovation in agricultural production systems.El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el cambio tecnológico e innovación, la forma de cómo se transmite la tecnología y las redes vinculadas a la agricultura protegida desde un enfoque territorial en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Para su análisis se utilizó la trayectoria tecnológica, el método genealógico y las redes sociotécnicas. Los resultados indican que la trayectoria se dio mediante la acumulación de cambios tecnológicos, impulsados por las políticas de fomento. Las genealogías muestran que la tecnología se introduce, adapta y reproduce por agentes innovadores que mantienen relación con universidades e instituciones públicas. Las redes sociotécnicas se caracterizan por su amplitud, heterogeneidad y clara articulación entre actores; destacan los extensionistas que se encargan de la mediación y armonización de procesos y de la creación de vínculos y relaciones entre los actores. La especialización regional fue la clave para el desarrollo de la agricultura protegida, sin embargo, es necesario diversificar productos, explorar nuevos mercados y gestionar la organización. Finalmente, el enfoque analítico utilizado permite comprender el cambio tecnológico e innovación en los sistemas de producción agrícola, cambio tecnológico, método genealógico, redes sociotécnicas y trayectoria tecnológica.Fil: Vargas Canales, Juan Manuel. Universidad de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Palacios Rangel, María Isabel. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; MéxicoFil: Aguilar Ávila, Jorge. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; MéxicoFil: Ocampo Ledesma, Jorge Gustavo. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; MéxicoFil: Kreimer, Pablo Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimonides. Centro de Ciencia, Tecniologia y Sociedad.; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz Martínez, Germán. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; Méxic

Comparative Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in the Peel of Eight Blood Orange Varieties

The global cultivation of blood oranges is experiencing an increase due to their remarkable nutritional properties. Blood orange by-products, especially the peel, have a high concentration of bioactive compounds with exceptional antioxidant potential, making them an ideal choice for incorporation into various food products. This study aimed to determine the morphological parameters and primary and secondary metabolite content of peel of eight blood orange varieties using 1H NMR and HPLC-ESI-DAD-MSn. “Tarocco Meli” had the highest weight (367.83 g), caliber (94.13 mm and 88.87 mm), peel thickness (6.73 mm), and peel weight (155.0 g). “Tarocco Rosso”, “Sanguinelli”, and “Tarocco Gallo” had the highest levels of total amino acids (25.57 g kg−1 DW), total organic acids (29.99 g kg−1 DW), and total sugars (68.56 g 100 g−1 DW), respectively. The peel of “Moro” had significantly higher concentrations of total anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavones (650.67, 263.33, and 449.85 mg kg−1, respectively) compared to the other varieties. In conclusion, “Tarocco Meli” had the most interesting values for morphological parameters, “Tarocco Rosso”, “Sanguinelli”, and “Tarocco Gallo” for primary metabolites, and “Moro” for secondary metabolites. With the increasing interest in utilizing co-products, these findings could be useful in developing functional food products that meet consumer demands for healthier and more sustainable food choice

Effects of levosimendan and dobutamine in experimental acute endotoxemia : A preliminary controlled study

Objective: To test the hypothesis that levosimendan increases systemic and intestinal oxygen delivery (DO2) and prevents intramucosal acidosis in septic shock. Design: Prospective, controlled experimental study. Setting: University-based research laboratory. Subjects: Nineteen anesthetized, mechanically ventilated sheep. Interventions: Endotoxin-treated sheep were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n = 7), dobutamine (10 μg/kg/min, n = 6) and levosimendan (100 μg/kg over 10 min followed by 100 μg/kg/h, n = 6) and treated for 120 min. Measurements and main results: After endotoxin administration, systemic and intestinal DO 2 decreased (24.6 ± 5.2 vs 15.3 ± 3.4 ml/kg/min and 105.0 ± 28.1 vs 55.8 ± 25.9 ml/kg/min, respectively; p < 0.05 for both). Arterial lactate and the intramucosal–arterial PCO2 difference (∆PCO2) increased (1.4 ± 0.3 vs 3.1 ± 1.5 mmHg and 9 ± 6 vs 23 ± 6 mmHg mmol/l, respectively; p < 0.05). Systemic DO 2 was preserved in the dobutamine-treated group (22.3 ± 4.7 vs 26.8 ± 7.0 ml/min/kg, p = NS) but intestinal DO 2 decreased (98.9 ± 0.2 vs 68.0 ± 22.9 ml/min/kg, p < 0.05) and ∆PCO 2 increased (12 ± 5 vs 25 ± 11 mmHg, p < 0.05). The administration of levosimendan prevented declines in systemic and intestinal DO 2 (25.1 ± 3.0 vs 24.0 ± 6.3 ml/min/kg and 111.1 ± 18.0 vs 98.2 ± 23.1 ml/min/kg, p = NS for both) or increases in ∆PCO2 (7 ± 7 vs 10 ± 8, p = NS). Arterial lactate increased in both the dobutamine and levosimendan groups (1.6 ± 0.3 vs 2.5 ± 0.7 and 1.4 ± 0.4 vs. 2.9 ± 1.1 mmol/l, p = NS between groups). Conclusions: Compared with dobutamine, levosimendan increased intestinal blood flow and diminished intramucosal acidosis in this experimental model of sepsis.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

New insights into the analysis of red blood cells from leukemia and anemia patients: Nonlinear quantifiers, fractal mathematics, and Wavelet Transform

The alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) membrane in many hematological diseases prevent blood to accomplish its functions, but how these alterations occur is not completely understood. Hence, the development of a simple and accurate methodology for the characterization of different populations of RBCs is necessary for hematology and clinical diagnosis. In this work, we focus on different pathologies that affect the hemorheological properties of human beings blood. The results were obtained by studying healthy individuals, anemia and leukemia patient samples. Data analysis involved the use of non-linear methods, based on two different analytical strategies. On one hand, we used nonlinear mathematical quantifiers (False Nearest Neighbors, Embedding Dimension, May–Sugihara Correlation, and Hurst Exponent) on ektacytometrically recorded time series measuring the elongation of re-suspended RBCs subjected to well-defined shear stress. On the other hand, we developed an analytical methodology to aid in the diagnosis of those pathologies, based on the box-counting dimension from digital images of cells suspensions that were denoised standardly by application of Wavelet Transform. The results allowed preliminary discrimination of different populations studied and a correlation with its membrane damage.Fil: Bortolato, Santiago Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Mancilla Canales, Manuel Arturo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Riquelme, Bibiana Doris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Raviola, Mariana Paula. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Leguto, Alcides José. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Rebechi, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Ponce de León, Patricia Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Korol, Ana María. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Gravity and seismic study of crustal structure along the Juan de Fuca Ridge axis and across pseudofaults on the ridge flanks

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 12 (2011): Q05008, doi:10.1029/2010GC003439.Variations in topography and seismic structure are observed along the Juan de Fuca (JdF) Ridge axis and in the vicinity of pseudofaults on the ridge flanks left by former episodes of ridge propagation. Here we analyze gravity data coregistered with multichannel seismic data from the JdF Ridge and flanks in order to better understand the origin of crustal structure variations in this area. The data were collected along the ridge axis and along three ridge-perpendicular transects at the Endeavor, Northern Symmetric, and Cleft segments. Negative Mantle Bouguer anomalies of −21 to −28 mGal are observed at the axis of the three segments. Thicker crust at the Endeavor and Cleft segments is inferred from seismic data and can account for the small differences in axial gravity anomalies (3–7 mGal). Additional low densities/elevated temperatures within and/or below the axial crust are required to explain the remaining axial MBA low at all segments. Gravity models indicate that the region of low densities is wider beneath the Cleft segment. Gravity models for pseudofaults crossed along the three transects support the presence of thinner and denser crust within the pseudofault zones that we attribute to iron-enriched crust. On the young crust side of the pseudofaults, a 10–20 km wide zone of thicker crust is found. Reflection events interpreted as subcrustal sills underlie the zones of thicker crust and are the presumed source for the iron enrichment.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grants OCE‐0648303 to Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory, OCE‐0648923 to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Exchange Bias Optimization by Controlled Oxidation of Cobalt Nanoparticle Films Prepared by Sputter Gas Aggregation

Porous films of cobalt nanoparticles have been obtained by sputter gas aggregation and controllably oxidized by air annealing at 100 C for progressively longer times (up to more than 1400 h). The magnetic properties of the samples were monitored during the process, with a focus on the exchange bias field. Air annealing proves to be a convenient way to control the Co/CoO ratio in the samples, allowing the optimization of the exchange bias field to a value above 6 kOe at 5 K. The occurrence of the maximum in the exchange bias field is understood in terms of the density of CoO uncompensated spins and their degree of pinning, with the former reducing and the latter increasing upon the growth of a progressively thicker CoO shell. Vertical shifts exhibited in the magnetization loops are found to correlate qualitatively with the peak in the exchange bias field, while an increase in vertical shift observed for longer oxidation times may be explained by a growing fraction of almost completely oxidized particles. The presence of a hummingbird-like form in magnetization loops can be understood in terms of a combination of hard (biased) and soft (unbiased) components; however, the precise origin of the soft phase is as yet unresolved

The man who feels two hearts: the different pathways of interoception

Recent advances in neuroscience have provided new insights into the understanding of heart–brain interaction and communication. Cardiac information to the brain relies on two pathways, terminating in the insular cortex (IC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), along with the somatosensory cortex (S1-S2). Interoception relying on these neuroanatomical pathways has been shown to modulate social cognition. We report the case study of C.S., a patient with an external heart (an extracorporeal left-univentricular cardiac assist device, LVAD). The patient was assessed with neural/behavioral measures of cardiac interoception complemented by neuropsychological and social cognition measures. The patients performance on the interoception task (heartbeat detection) seemed to be guided by signals from the artificial LVAD, which provides a somatosensory beat rather than by his endogenous heart. Cortical activity (HEP, heartbeat-evoked potential) was found decreased in comparison with normal volunteers, particularly during interoceptive states. The patient accurately performed several cognitive tasks, except for interoception-related social cognition domains (empathy, theory of mind and decision making). This evidence suggests an imbalance in the patients cardiac interoceptive pathways that enhances sensation driven by the artificial pump over that from the cardiac vagal-IC/ACC pathway. A patient with two hearts, one endogenous and one artificial, presents a unique opportunity to explore models of interoception and heart–brain interaction.Fil: Couto, Juan Blas Marcos. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Salles, Alejo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sedeño, Lucas. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Peradejordi Lastras, Margarita Ana. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Barttfeld, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa; ArgentinaFil: Canales Johnson, Andres. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Vidal Dos Santos, Hector Yamil. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa; ArgentinaFil: Huepe, David. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sigman, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Neurociencia Integrativa; Argentina. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; ArgentinaFil: Favaloro, Roberto. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Agustin Mariano. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Brain signatures of moral sensitivity in adolescents with early social deprivation

The present study examined neural responses associated with moral sensitivity in adolescents with a background of early social deprivation. Using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG), brain activity was measured during an intentional inference task, which assesses rapid moral decision-making regarding intentional or unintentional harm to people and objects.Wecompared the responses to this task in a socially deprived group (DG) with that of a control group (CG). The event-related potentials (ERPs) results showed atypical early and late frontal cortical markers associated with attribution of intentionality during moral decision-making in DG (especially regarding intentional harm to people). The source space of the hdEEG showed reduced activity for DG compared with CG in the right prefrontal cortex, bilaterally in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and right insula. Moreover, the reduced response in vmPFC for DG was predicted by higher rates of externalizing problems. These findings demonstrate the importance of the social environment in early moral development, supporting a prefrontal maturation model of social deprivation.Fil: Escobar, Maria Josefina. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Huepe, David. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Decety, Jean. University of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Sedeño, Lucas. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Messow, Marie Kristin. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Báez Buitrago, Sandra Jimena. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Alvaro. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Canales, Andres. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Morales, Juan Pablo. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Gómez, David Maximiliano. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Schroeder, Johannes. Universitats Klinikum; AlemaniaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Vladimir. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Ibanez Barassi, Agustin Mariano. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Autonoma del Caribe; Colombi

Effects of hemorrhage on gastrointestinal oxygenation

Objectives: (1) To demonstrate that metabolic parameters are better indicators of tissue hypoxia than regional and whole oxygen consumption (VO2). (2) To compare intramucosal pH (pHi) in different gastrointestinal segments. Design: Prospective, interventional study. Setting: Research laboratory at a university center. Subjects: Fourteen anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Interventions: Twenty milliliters per kilogram bleeding. Measurements and main results: We placed pulmonary, aortic and mesenteric venous catheters, and an electromagnetic flow probe in the superior mesenteric artery, and gastric, jejunal and ileal tonometers to measure flows, arterial and venous blood gases and lactate, and intramucosal PCO2. We calculated systemic and intestinal oxygen transport (DO2) and consumption (VO2), pHi and arterial minus intramucosal PCO2 (ΔPCO2). Then, we bled the dogs and repeated the measurements after 30 min. Systemic and intestinal DO2 fell (26.0±7.3 versus 8.9±2.6 and 71.9±17.3 versus 24.6±9.6 ml/min per kg, respectively, p<0.0001). Systemic and intestinal VO2 remained unchanged (5.5±1.3 versus 5.4±1.3 and 15.7±5.0 versus 14.9±5.3 ml/min per kg, respectively). Gastric, jejunal and ileal pHi (7.13±0.11 versus 6.96±0.17, 7.18±0.06 versus 6.97±0.15, 7.12±0.11 versus 6.94±0.14, p<0.05) and ΔPCO2 (21±13 versus 35±23, 15±5 versus 33±16, 23±17 versus 38±20, p<0.05) changed accordingly. Arterial and mesenteric venous lactate and their difference, rose significantly (1.7±0.9 versus 3.7±1.4 and 1.8±0.8 versus 4.3±1.5 mmol/l, 0.1±0.6 versus 0.6±0.7 mmol/l, p<0.05). Conclusions: During hemorrhage, systemic and intestinal VO2 remained stable. However, hyperlactatemia and intramucosal acidosis evidenced anaerobic metabolism. pHi changes paralleled in the three intestinal segments.Facultad de Ciencias Médica