Platform Liability with Reputational Sanctions

This paper presents a framework where sellers, an online platform with monopoly power, and consumers transact. We study the interaction between the imposition of liability on the platform, the reputational sanctions exerted by consumers, and the internal measures adopted by the platform to keep in check the sellers, whenever a product generates losses to consumers. We show that introducing direct legal liability of the platform (i) may have both positive and negative effects for safety investments and (ii) is generally welfare-increasing albeit it may be detrimental for welfare when legal costs are sizable. Additionally, when sellers are heterogeneous with respect to either their sensitivity to consumers' or platform' sanctions, we find that platform legal liability will affect the selection of participating sellers, although the sign and size of the effect largely depend on parameter values

Streamflow variability of river basins from Cuyo region

La detección de cambios a largo plazo en variables hidrológicas, es necesario para determinar el efecto de la variabilidad climática en los sistemas hídricos y es fundamental para la planificación de los recursos hídricos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es detectar cambios en el régimen de escurrimiento a partir del análisis de tendencias de largo plazo y cambios abruptos en cuencas con nacientes en la cordillera de Los Andes y vertiente oriental entre los 31º y 35º S. Se tomaron caudales medios diarios de 23 sitios de aforo y se definieron 19 variables de caudal (anual, extremos, mensuales y estacionales). Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de datos y luego se aplicaron test estadísticos paramétricos y no paramétricos para la detección de tendencias y saltos abruptos con un nivel de significancia del 95%. En el presente estudio el 84% de las series de variables analizadas no cumple con uno o dos de los tres supuestos de normalidad, aleatoriedad e independencia, solo el 16% los cumple. Los datos dudosos encontrados son coincidentes con años de ocurrencia de eventos ENSO. El 73% de las variables analizadas no presentó tendencias significativas. El 26% presentó tendencias positivas y el 1,2% negativas. Las tendencias positivas están principalmente relacionadas con las variables vinculadas a los períodos de estiaje o caudales mínimos. Mientras que las tendencias negativas encontradas se vinculan con los períodos de aguas máximas. El 58% de los saltos detectados resultaron ser positivos mientras que el 9% saltos negativos. Los saltos detectados fueron en su mayoría positivos durante la década del 70. En tanto los saltos detectados en la década del 50 fueron negativos. En la década del 80 y 90, se encontraron tantos saltos positivos como negativos. La presencia de no homogeneidad en las series de caudales pueden ser debidos a múltiples factores, sean estos de origen natural o antrópicos. En el caso se las cuencas estudiadas las mismas poseen una baja intervención humana, por lo que es más probable que los cambios detectados provengan de cambios en las variables climáticas.Detecting trend and step changes in hydrological variables is important issue if we want to evaluate climate variability in Cuyo river systems which are essential for water resources management. The aim of this article is to detect changes of fluvial regime in basins from Mendoza and San Juan province (Cuyo region). We worked with data from 23 gauge stations between 31º y 35º S. First we made an exploratory data analysis, then we applied parametric and non parametric tests for detecting trends and step changes. We analyzed 19 hydrological variables with 95% level of significance. As a result we find that 73% of variables analyzed are not normally distributed, and neither they are independent and random. The outliers found are consistent with years of occurrence of ENSO events. 76% of the analyzed variables showed no significant trends, 26% showed positive trends and 1.2 % negative. The increasing trends were found in minimum, or winter flows variables. On the other hand, the decreasing trends found were associated with maximum or summer flows. 58% of detected step changes were positive while 9% were negative. Step changes were detected mostly during the 70s and were positive. In the 50s the detected jumps detected were negative. Positive and negative jumps were found in the 80 and 90. While in the last decade were the positive. The lack of homogeneity in flow series could be due to multiple factors, whether natural or anthropogenic origin. The basins studied have low human intervention, so the changes detected are more likely to arise from variation in climate.Fil: Lauro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Vich, Alberto Ismael Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Estudios del Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Moreiras, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Increased Endothelial Progenitor Cell Levels are Associated with Good Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a role in the regeneration of damaged brain tissue. However, the relationship between circulating EPC levels and functional recovery in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not yet been tested. Therefore, our aim was to study the influence of circulating EPCs on the outcome of ICH. Forty-six patients with primary ICH (males, 71.7%; age, 72.7 ± 10.8 years) were prospectively included in the study within 12 hours of symptom onset. The main outcome variable was good functional outcome at 12 months (modified Rankin scale ≤2), considering residual volume at 6 months as a secondary variable. Circulating EPC (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+) levels were measured by flow cytometry from blood samples obtained at admission, 72 hours and day 7. Our results indicate that patients with good outcome show higher EPC numbers at 72 hours and day 7 (all p < 0.001). However, only EPC levels at day 7 were independently associated with good functional outcome at 12 months (OR, 1.15; CI95%, 1.01–1.35) after adjustment by age, baseline stroke severity and ICH volume. Moreover, EPC levels at day 7 were negatively correlated to residual volume (r = −0.525; p = 0.005). In conclusion, these findings suggest that EPCs may play a role in the functional recovery of ICH patients.This study has been partially supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/01879), Spanish Research Network on Cerebrovascular Diseases RETICS-INVICTUS (RD12/0014), Xunta de Galicia (Consellería Educación GRC2014/027) and the European Union program FEDER. Furthermore, F. Campos (CP14/00154) and T. Sobrino (CP12/03121) are recipients of a research contract from Miguel Servet Program of Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIS

Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Active commuting (AC) has been proposed as a great opportunity to increase physical activity level (PA) in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study is to determine the associations between AC (walk and cycle commuting) and non-AC (motor vehicle commuting) with PA levels, and with AC and sedentarism in Spanish children and adolescents. A representative Spanish sample of 424 children and adolescents (38% females) was involved in the ANIBES (Anthropometry, Dietary Intake and Lifestyle in Spain) Study in 2013. Data on the levels of AC, non-AC, PA, and sedentarism were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for adolescents. Stepwise backward univariate generalized linear and linear regression models were performed. In girls, walking was associated with playground PA, moderate PA, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) (beta = 0.007, p < 0.05; both beta = 0.007, p < 0.01), respectively. In boys, walking was associated with all PA levels (p < 0.05); while cycling was related to moderate PA and MVPA (both beta = 0.007, p < 0.05). A negative significant association was observed between AC and time spent studying without Internet use in boys ( beta = -0.184, p < 0.05). Commuting by walking contributes to increased daily PA in both sexes, whereas cycling was only related to moderate PA and MVPA in boys. Sedentary behaviors are not related to AC, but studying without Internet use was negatively associated with AC in boys.The ANIBES study was financially supported by a grant from Coca-Cola Iberia through an agreement with the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)

Percutaneous Closure of Paravalvular Leaks: A Systematic Review

[EN] Paravalvular leak (PVL) is an uncommon yet serious complication associated with the implantation of mechanical or bioprosthetic surgical valves and more recently recognized with transcatheter aortic valves implantation (TAVI). A significant number of patients will present with symptoms of congestive heart failure or haemolytic anaemia due to PVL and need further surgical or percutaneous treatment. Until recently, surgery has been the only available therapy for the treatment of clinically significant PVLs despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with re-operation. Percutaneous treatment of PVLs has emerged as a safe and less invasive alternative, with low complication rates and high technical and clinical success rates. However, it is a complex procedure, which needs to be performed by an experienced team of interventional cardiologists and echocardiographers. This review discusses the current understanding of PVLs, including the utility of imaging techniques in PVL diagnosis and treatment, and the principles, outcomes and complications of transcatheter therapy of PVLs. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:382–392

Association between Vitamin Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Small for Gestational Age

Pregnancy increases the requirements of certain nutrients, such as vitamins, to provide nutrition for the newborn. The aim was to analyze the association between dietary intake of vitamins during pregnancy and risk of having a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn. A matched case-control study was conducted (518 cases and 518 controls of pregnant women) in Spain. Dietary vitamin intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, categorized into quintiles. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with conditional regression logistic models. A protective association was observed between maternal dietary intake of vitamins A and D and SGA. For vitamin B3 and B6, the observed protective effect was maintained after adjusting for potential confounding factors. For vitamin B9, we found only an effect in quintiles 3 and 4 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41–1.00; OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.37–0.91). Protective effect for vitamin B12 was observed in 4th and 5th quintiles (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39–0.95; OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43–1.04). No associations were detected between dietary intake of vitamins B2, E and C intake and SGA. Our results suggest a positive association between dietary vitamin intake during pregnancy and the weight of the newborn, although more studies are necessary and there could be a ceiling effect for higher intakes of some vitamins cannot be discarded.This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Health Carlos III (PI11/02199)

Mild systemic inflammation enhances response to OnabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraineurs

The anti-inflammatory effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA) has been a matter of discussion for many years. In chronic migraine, however, increased pro-inflammatory state is associated with good response to OnabotA. We aimed to investigate whether a mild systemic inflammatory state elicited by a common oral infection (periodontitis) could enhance treatment response to OnabotA. In this study, we included 61 chronic migraineurs otherwise healthy treated with OnabotA of which 7 were poor responders and 54 good responders. Before receiving OnabotA therapy, all participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination and blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Periodontitis was present in 70.4% of responders and 28.6% of non-responders (P = 0.042). Responders showed greater levels of inflammation than non-responders (IL-6: 15.3 ± 8.7 vs. 9.2 ± 4.7 ng/mL, P = 0.016; CGRP: 18.8 ± 7.6 vs. 13.0 ± 3.1 pg/mL, P = 0.002; and hs-CRP: 3.9 ± 6.6 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8 mg/L, P = 0.003). A linear positive correlation was found between the amount of periodontal tissue inflamed in the oral cavity and markers of inflammation (IL-6: r = 0.270, P = 0.035; CGRP: r = 0.325, P = 0.011; and hs-CRP: r = 0.370, P = 0.003). This report shows that in presence of elevated systemic inflammatory markers related to periodontitis, OnabotA seems to reduce migraine attacks. The changes of scheduled inflammatory parameters after treatment and subsequent assessment during an adequate period still need to be doneThis study was partially supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness—Institute of Health Carlos III (PI15/01578). YL holds a Senior Clinical Research Fellowship supported by the UCL Biomedical Research Centre who receives funding from the NIHR (NIHR-INF-0387) and a research contract with Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (fIDIS). TS (CPII17/00027) and FC (CP14/00154) are recipients of research contracts from Miguel Servet Program of Institute of Health Carlos IIIS

Periodontitis is associated with subclinical cerebral and carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients: A cross‑sectional study

Objective: To examine the relationship between periodontitis and subclinical intracranial atherosclerosis. The association of periodontitis with preclinical markers of atherosclerosis in other vascular territories was also explored. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study where 97 elderly subjects with a previous history of hypertension received an ultrasonographic evaluation to assess subclinical atherosclerosis in different vascular territories: (1) cerebral [pulsatility (PI) and resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery], (2) carotid [intima-media thickness (IMT)], and (3) peripheral [ankle-brachial index (ABI)]. Additionally, participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal assessment together with blood sample collection to determine levels of inflammatory biomarkers (leukocytes, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), lipid fractions (total cholesterol and high- and low-density lipoprotein), and glucose. Results: Sixty-one individuals had periodontitis. Compared to subjects without periodontitis, those with periodontitis showed higher values of PI (1.24 ± 0.29 vs 1.01 ± 0.16), RI (0.70 ± 0.14 vs 0.60 ± 0.06), and IMT (0.94 ± 0.15 vs 0.79 ± 0.15) (all p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found neither for ABI or for other clinical and biochemical parameters. An independent association was found between periodontitis and increased intracranial atherosclerosis (ORadjusted = 10.16; 95% CI: 3.14-32.90, p < 0.001) and to a lesser extent with thicker carotid IMT (ORadjusted = 4.10; 95% CI: 1.61-10.48, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in both intracranial and carotid arteries in elderly subjects with hypertension. Clinical relevance: The association of periodontitis with intracranial atherosclerosis implies that periodontitis patients might have greater chances to develop ischemic stroke in the futureOpen Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was partially supported by grants from the Xunta de Galicia (TS: IN607A2018/3 and TS: IN607D 2020/09), Spanish Ministry of Science (TS: RTI2018-102165-B-I00 and RTC2019-007373-1), Institute of Health Carlos III (PI22/00938), and RICOR-ICTUS Network (RD21/0006/003). Furthermore, this study was also supported by grants from the Interreg Atlantic Area (TS: EAPA_791/2018_ NeuroATLANTIC project), Interreg V-A España Portugal (POCTEP) (TS: 0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E), and the European Regional Development Fund. YL is supported by a Sara Borrell fellowship (CD22/00051), and TS (CPII17/00027) and FC (CPII19/00020) are recipients of Miguel Servet contracts, all of them funded by the Institute of Health Carlos IIIS

Patrones de variabilidad hidroclimática en los Andes centrales (30-37°S) de Argentina

Los procesos hidroclimáticos se caracterizan por presentar ciclos que se repiten con una determinada frecuencia. En particular, la precipitación y el caudal de las cuencas de los Andes Centrales presentan una gran variabilidad interanual y decenal. Entender el origen de dichos ciclos nos permite conocer la influencia de diversos fenómenos en los componentes del ciclo hidrológico para mejorar la gestión de los recursos hídricos. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar el rol de algunos de los forzantes climáticos en los modos de variabilidad de la precipitación y de los caudales, durante los últimos 60 años de registros en las cuencas de los ríos San Juan, Mendoza, Tunuyán, Diamante, Atuel, Grande y Barrancas, pertenecientes al sistema hidrográfico del río Colorado. Para detectar intervalos de tiempo-frecuencia en que dos series de tiempo tienen fuerte interacción, se realizó un análisis de coherencia de ondas entre las variables hidroclimáticas y diversos índices climáticos. En las series de precipitación y caudal de toda la región se encuentran correlaciones significativas entre con el índice oceánico de El Niño (ONI). Además, se identificaron ciclos de mayor intensidad en las bandas 2-8 años en el período comprendido entre 1970-2000, que explica la variabilidad de alta frecuencia en la precipitación y el caudal. En el caso de asociar las señales de baja frecuencia con el índice de la Oscilación Decenal del Pacífico (PDO), se identificó una coherencia significativa con el caudal en períodos de 8-16 años. Al sur de los 35°S se identifica una relación inversa con el índice del Modo Anular del Sur (SAM).Hydroclimatic processes are characterized by cycles that repeat with a certain frequency. In particular, precipitation and streamflow in the the Central Andes basins show a large interannual and decadal scale variability. Understanding the origin of these cycles allows us to identify the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation on the components of the hydrological cycle to improve the management of water resources. The aim of this study is to identify the main climatic forcings associated with the modes of variability of precipitation and streamflows during the last 60 years in the main Central Andean rivers (San Juan, Mendoza, Tunuyán, Diamante, Atuel, Grande, and Barrancas basins). A coherence analysis between hydroclimatic variables and various climate indices facilitates the detection of those frequencies where the two time series interact. Significant correlations exist between the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), precipitation, and streamflow. Higher intensity cycles were identified in the 2-8 year bands in the period between 1970-2000, which explains the high-frequency variability in precipitation and streamflow. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and streamflow in decadal periods show a significant coherence detected in the San Juan, Mendoza, and Atuel River basins, whereas, streamflow and precipitations records located south 35°S reveal a negative relation with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

Patrones de variabilidad hidroclimática en los andes centrales (30-37°s) de Argentina

Los procesos hidroclimáticos se caracterizan por presentar ciclos que se repiten con una determinada frecuencia. En particular, la precipitación y el caudal de las cuencas de los Andes Centrales presentan una gran variabilidad interanual y decenal. Entender el origen de dichos ciclos nos permite conocer la influencia de diversos fenómenos en los componentes del ciclo hidrológico para mejorar la gestión de los recursos hídricos.El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar el rol de algunos de los forzantes climáticos en los modos de variabilidad de la precipitación y de los caudales, durante los últimos 60 años de registros en las cuencas de los ríos San Juan, Mendoza, Tunuyán, Diamante, Atuel, Grande y Barrancas, pertenecientes al sistema hidrográfico del río Colorado. Para detectar intervalos de tiempo-frecuencia en que dos series de tiempo tienen fuerte interacción, se realizó un análisis de coherencia de ondas entre las variables hidroclimáticas y diversos índices climáticos.En las series de precipitación y caudal de toda la región se encuentran correlaciones significativas entre con el índice oceánico de El Niño (ONI). Además, se identificaron ciclos de mayor intensidad en las bandas 2-8 años en el período comprendido entre 1970-2000, que explica la variabilidad de alta frecuencia en la precipitación y el caudal. En el caso de asociar las señales de baja frecuencia con el índice de la Oscilación Decenal del Pacífico (PDO), se identificó una coherencia significativa con el caudal en períodos de 8-16 años. Al sur de los 35°S se identifica una relación inversa con el índice del Modo Anular del Sur (SAM).Hydroclimatic processes are characterized by cycles that repeat with a certain frequency. In particular, precipitation and streamflow in the the Central Andes basins show a large interannual and decadal scale variability. Understanding the origin of these cycles allows us to identify the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation on the components of the hydrological cycle to improve the management of water resources. The aim of this study is to identify the main climatic forcings associated with the modes of variability of precipitation and streamflows during the last 60 years in the main Central Andean rivers (San Juan, Mendoza, Tunuyán, Diamante, Atuel, Grande, and Barrancas basins). A coherence analysis between hydroclimatic variables and various climate indices facilitates the detection of those frequencies where the two time series interact. Significant correlations exist between the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), precipitation, and streamflow. Higher intensity cycles were identified in the 2-8 year bands in the period between 1970-2000, which explains the high-frequency variability in precipitation and streamflow. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and streamflow in decadal periods show a significant coherence detected in the San Juan, Mendoza, and Atuel River basins, whereas, streamflow and precipitations records located south 35°S reveal a negative relation with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index.Fil: Lauro, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Vich, Alberto Ismael Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Juan Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Otta, Sebastián Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Moreiras, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Bastidas Mejía, Luis Bernardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Vaccarino Pasquali, Emilce Liliana Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin