Bi-orderings on pure braided Thompson's groups

In this paper it is proved that the pure braided Thompson’s group BF admits a bi-order, analog to the bi-order of the pure braid groups.Ministerio de Educación y CienciaFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regiona

Seminari "Medi ambient, trajectòries de vida i interdisciplinarietat. Nous reptes en geografia i gènere"

Du 23 au 25 mars 1992 s'est tenu á l'Université Autonome de Barcelone le séminaire «Enviromement, trajectoire de vie et interdisciplinariété. Nouveaux défis en Géographie et genre» dont le but était de promouvoir le débat entre les chercheurs en géographie et en d'autres sciences sociales. Le séminaire a été axé sur trois lignes de travail: les instruments méthodologiques des études sur les rapports sociaux de sexe, les rapports femrne-milieu spatial et l'interdisciplinariété des études de genre. S'est clos par une table ronde oh l'on a recueilli les conclusions finales.A seminar on «Environment, Life patterns and Interdisciplinarity: New challenges in Gender Geography», was held at the UAB between 23td and 25th March 1992, with the aim of encouraging discussion between geography resaerchers and other social scientists. The seminar focused on three topics: methodological instruments in gender studies; the women-environment relationship; and the interdisciplinarity in gender studies. A round table seminar which aimed to gather final conclusions brought the seminar to a close.Del 23 al 25 de març de 1992 va tenir lloc a la UAB el seminari «Medi ambient, trajectòries de vida i interdisciplinarietat. Nous reptes en geografia i gènere», amb la intenció de promoure el debat entre els estudiosos de la geografia i altres científics socials. El seminari es va centrar en tres línies de treball: eines metodològiques dels estudis de gènere, relació dona-medi espacial i interdisciplinarietat dels estudis de génere. Va concloure amb una taula rodona on es van recollir les conclusions finals.Del 23 al 25 de marzo de 1992 tuvo lugar en la UAB el seminario «Medio ambiente, trayectorias de vida e interdisciplinariedad. Nuevos retos en geografia y género», con la intención de promover el debate entre los estudiosos de la geografia y otros cientificos sociales. El seminario se centró en tres lineas de trabajo: instrumentos metodológicos de los estudios de género, relación mujer-medio ambiente e interdisciplinariedad de los estudios de género. Concluye con una mesa redonda donde se recogieron las conclusiones finales

Abuso del empleo público temporal: Respuestas administrativas y jurisdiccionales

This paper deals with a long-standing problem in public employment (the abuse of temporary employment) that has wors-ened in recent times as a result of the economic crisis. Specifically, it examines the various responses that have been offered both by public employers and by the Courts and Tribunals of jurisdictional orders that hear the claims made by the two large categories of personnel at the service of Public Administrations (officials and workers in labor regime). Finally, a critical analysis of the main formulas articulated as a reaction to the exposed problem is made, with a reasoned option for the one considered most appropriate.En el presente trabajo se aborda una problemática de larga trayectoria en el empleo público (el abuso del empleo temporal) que se ha agudizado en los últimos tiempos como consecuencia de la crisis económica. Concretamente se examinan las diversas respuestas que se han ofrecido tanto por las entidades públicas empleadoras como por los Juzgados y Tribunales de los órdenes jurisdiccionales que conocen de las pretensiones formuladas por las dos grandes categorías de personal al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas (funcionarios y trabajadores en régimen laboral). Finalmente se realiza un análisis crítico de las principales fórmulas articuladas como reacción a la problemática expuesta, con opción razonada por aquella que se considera más adecuada.This paper deals with a long-standing problem in public employment (the abuse of temporary employment) that has wors-ened in recent times as a result of the economic crisis. Specifically, it examines the various responses that have been offered both by public employers and by the Courts and Tribunals of jurisdictional orders that hear the claims made by the two large categories of personnel at the service of Public Administrations (officials and workers in labor regime). Finally, a critical analysis of the main formulas articulated as a reaction to the exposed problem is made, with a reasoned option for the one considered most appropriate

Régimen sancionador y estado de alarma

This work analyses several matters related to the sanctions regime applicable to the breach of measures taken while the state of alarm following the covid-19 health crisis was in force. More precisely, given its possible overruling eficiency on the sanctions, the suitability of the state adopted among those provided for in article 116 of the Spanish Constitution is addressed, and next are exposed the various regulations deemed to be enforceable to punish the aforementioned breaches. After examining the different positions maintained and, in particular, the interpretation of Ley Orgánica 4/2015 as suitable to penalise the disobedience of orders provided for in the Royal Decree declaring the state of alarm, enforcing Ley 33/2011 as the only one criminalsing the breach of meassures provided in response to health crises is argued, regardless of the punishment of disobedience to authorities’ orders based on any other regulation. Finally, a quick justification of the persistence of those sanctions once the state of alarm has concluded is conducted.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar distintas cuestiones relacionadas con el régimen sancionador aplicable al incumplimiento de las medidas adoptadas durante la vigencia de la declaración del estado de alarma como consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la covid-19. Más concretamente, dada su eventual eficacia invalidante de las sanciones, se aborda la idoneidad del estado declarado de entre los previstos en el artículo 116 de la Constitución española, a la luz del supuesto concurrente y la afección a los derechos fundamentales, para, seguidamente, exponer las distintas normas que se han estimado aplicables para punir los incumplimientos antedichos. Tras examinar las diversas posturas mantenidas y, en particular, la interpretación de la Ley Orgánica 4/2015 como susceptible de sancionar la desobediencia a los mandatos contenidos en el Real Decreto de declaración del estado de alarma, se razona la procedencia de aplicar la Ley 33/2011 por ser la única que tipifica el incumplimiento de medidas adoptadas en respuesta a crisis sanitarias; ello sin perjuicio de la punición de la desobediencia a órdenes de la autoridad con apoyo en otra normativa. Finalmente, se realiza una somera justificación de la pervivencia de las sanciones una vez concluida la declaración del estado de alarma

Acceso a la información pública y protección de datos

This paper analyzes the friction between the right to access to public information regulated with a basic character in Law 19/2013, of December 9, on transparency, access to public information and good governance, and the right to data protection, which is one of the main limits to so-called passive publicity. To this end, after analyzing various concepts of interest to address the dialectical relationship between both rights, the assumptions of access under the consent of the affected and balancing are examined. Specifically in relation to the latter, several factors are applicable to decant the decision in favor of access or safeguarding the confidentiality of information, as well as the alternatives that are presented.Este trabajo ha obtenido un Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2017 en la modalidad de Derecho Constitucional y Administrativo. En el presente trabajo se analiza la fricción entre el derecho al acceso a la información pública regulado con carácter básico en la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno y el derecho a la protección de los datos de carácter personal, que se presenta como uno de los principales límites a la denominada publicidad pasiva. A tal fin, tras analizar diversos conceptos de interés para abordar la relación dialéctica entre ambos derechos, se examinan los supuestos de acceso al amparo del consentimiento del afectado y de ponderación. Específicamente en relación con este último, se exponen diversos factores que cabe aplicar para decantar la decisión a favor del acceso o la salvaguarda de la confidencialidad de la información, así como las alternativas que se presentan

Prevalence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in the Spanish HIV Research Network Cohort

"Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM"Objectives: We aimed to assess the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and factors associated with seropositivity and asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people with HIV (PWH). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out within the cohort of the Spanish HIV Research Network. Participants were consecutive PWH with plasma collected from 1st April to 30th September 2020. We determined SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs) in plasma. Illness severity (NIH criteria) was assessed by a review of medical records and, if needed, participant interviews. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of seropositivity among the following variables: sex, age, country of birth, education level, comorbidities (hypertension, chronic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, non-AIDS-related cancer, chronic kidney disease, cirrhosis), route of HIV acquisition, prior AIDS, CD4+ cell count, HIV viral load, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (N [t]RTI) backbone, type of third antiretroviral drug, and month of sample collection. Results: Of 1076 PWH (88.0% males, median age 43 years, 97.7% on antiretroviral therapy, median CD4+ 688 cells/mm3, 91.4% undetectable HIV viral load), SARS-CoV-2 Abs were detected in 91 PWH, a seroprevalence of 8.5% (95%CI 6.9–10.3%). Forty-five infections (45.0%) were asymptomatic. Variables independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were birth in Latin American countries versus Spain (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.30, 95%CI 1.41–3.76, p 0.001), and therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate plus emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) versus tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC as the N(t)RTI backbone (aOR 0.49, 95%CI 0.26–0.94, p 0.031). Conclusions: Many SARS-CoV-2 infections among PWH were asymptomatic, and birth in Latin American countries increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Our analysis, adjusted by comorbidities and other variables, suggests that TDF/FTC may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCII) (grant number COV20/00108) and the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RD16/0025), which is included in the Spanish I þ D þ I Plan and is co-funded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluacion and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER)

La «huida del derecho administrativo» como factor criminógeno

El objeto de este trabajo es realizar un análisis del fenómeno conocido como «huida del Derecho administrativo» como factor de oportunidad delictiva (contexto delictivo) para la comisión de ilícitos penales característicos de la corrupción administrativa. Para ello se efectúa un modesto análisis de sentencias condenatorias a fin de comprobar la hipótesis apuntada y, tras ello, se realizan algunas consideraciones en lo tocante a la reacción contra esa conexión.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon known as «flight of administrative law» as a factor of criminal opportunity (criminal context) characteristic to commit criminal acts of administrative corruption. This requires a modest damning analysis to test the hypothesis targeted and, after that, some considerations are made with regard to the reaction against judgments that connection is made

Modelling and Terrestrial Laser Scanning Methodology (2009–2018) on Debris Cones in Temperate High Mountains

Producción CientíficaDebris cones are a very common landform in temperate high mountains. They are the most representative examples of the periglacial and nival processes. This work studies the dynamic behavior of two debris cones (Cone A and Cone B) in the Picos de Europa, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Their evolution was measured uninterruptedly throughout each August for 10 years (2009–2018) using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technique. The observations and calculations of the two debris cones were treated independently, but both showed the same behavior. Therefore, if these results are extrapolated to other debris cones in similar environments (temperate high mountain), they should show behavior similar to that of the two debris cones analyzed. Material falls onto the cones from the walls, and transfer of sediments follows linear trajectories according to the maximum slope. In order to understand the linear evolution of the two debris cones, profiles were created along the maximum slope lines of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 2009, and these profile lines were extrapolated to the remaining years of measurement. In order to determine volumetric surface behavior in the DEMs, each year for the period 2009–2018 was compared. In addition, the statistical predictive value for position (Z) in year 2018 was calculated for the same planimetric position (X,Y) throughout the profiles of maximum slopes. To do so, the real field data from 2009–2017 were interpolated and used to form a sample of curves. These curves are interpreted as the realization of a functional random variable that can be predicted using statistical techniques. The predictive curve obtained was compared with the 2018 field data. The results of both coordinates (Z), the real field data, and the statistical data are coherent within the margin of error of the data collection.Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional - Agencia Estatal de Investigación (grant TIN2016-76843-C4-2-R)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant CGL2015-68144-R

Frugivory and spatial patterns of seed deposition by carnivorous mammals in anthropogenic landscapes: A multi-scale approach

Background: Knowledge about how frugivory and seed deposition are spatially distributed is valuable to understand the role of dispersers on the structure and dynamics of plant populations. This may be particularly important within anthropogenic areas, where either the patchy distribution of wild plants or the presence of cultivated fleshy-fruits may influence plant-disperser interactions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigated frugivory and spatial patterns of seed deposition by carnivorous mammals in anthropogenic landscapes considering two spatial scales: 'landscape' (~10 km2) and 'habitat type' (~1-2 km2). We sampled carnivore faeces and plant abundance at three contrasting habitats (chestnut woods, mosaics and scrublands), each replicated within three different landscapes. Sixty-five percent of faeces collected (n = 1077) contained seeds, among which wild and cultivated seeds appeared in similar proportions (58% and 53%) despite that cultivated fruiting plants were much less abundant. Seed deposition was spatially structured among both spatial scales being different between fruit types. Whereas the most important source of spatial variation in deposition of wild seeds was the landscape scale, it was the habitat scale for cultivated seeds. At the habitat scale, seeds of wild species were mostly deposited within mosaics while seeds of cultivated species were within chestnut woods and scrublands. Spatial concordance between seed deposition and plant abundance was found only for wild species. Conclusions/Significance: Spatial patterns of seed deposition by carnivores differed between fruit types and seemed to be modulated by the fleshy-fruited plant assemblages and the behaviour of dispersers. Our results suggest that a strong preference for cultivated fruits by carnivores may influence their spatial foraging behaviour and lower their dispersal services to wild species. However, the high amount of seeds removed within and between habitats suggests that carnivores must play an important role - often overlooked - as 'restorers' and 'habitat shapers' in anthropogenic areas.Conselleria de Educacion Xunta de Galicia PGIDIT 05RFO 20001 P