Effects of organic chromium supplementation to finishing lambs diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate supplemental organic chromium (Cr) to finishing lambs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Eighteen Suffolk lambs (age (4.5±0.2) mon; (25.8±3.6) kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to three levels of supplemental organic Cr (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg kg–1 dry matter (DM)) in a complete random design. Growth performance was evaluated for 70 d, and then lambs were slaughtered to study carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat. Orthogonal contrasts were performed (contrast one-average level 0.2 ppm Cr vs. average level 0.4 ppm Cr; contrast two-level 0 vs. average levels (0.2+0.4) ppm Cr). Orthogonal polynomials were used to estimate the linear and quadratic effects of Cr concentrations. Growth and carcass performance were not affected by supplemental organic Cr. Muscle conformation and leg perimeter linearly increased (P<0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. Kidney fat decreased linearly (P<0.05) as supplemental Cr increased. In Longissimus dorsi (LD), the ash content decreased linearly, and shear force (kg cm–2) increased (P<0.05) as organic Cr level increased in the diet. It is concluded that organic Cr did not affect growth performance, but it improved positively the muscle conformation, reduced kidney fat, whereas in LD there was an increment in shear force in finishing carcass lambs

Decisional Profile on Competing Volleyball Athletes From Autonomous University of Chihuahua (Uach): Gender Comparison

Sports psychology considers the athlete as an individual capable of processing information and making their own decisions which reflects in the results obtained as a team in a competition within the sports environment. This paper focuses on comparing the competing decisional profile on the sports performance of volleyball players at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua and also determines gender differences. For this, a descriptive, comparative investigation was carried out, where 24 representative athletes of the university participated in this discipline. Here, the questionnaire of Decision Style in the Sport of Ruiz and Graupera (2005) was applied to measure aspects of decision making in sports. Among the most relevant aspects is the commitment to their training. It combines not only the concern for the adversary, for knowing their customs and their concerns in the competition, but clearly emphasizes the importance of relying on the coach's tactical plan and following his instructions. The results analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test show that there are no differences in the decision profile between genders; however, it was determined that the men presented themselves to present perceived decision-making competence and commitment to decisionmaking than women, plus, they face less anxiety and stress when deciding. Therefore, it is concluded that the decision profile may be related to the competitive experience, since the men of the present study have shown better sports performance in previous meetings than women

Effects of dietary chromium-yeast level on growth performance, blood metabolites, meat traits and muscle fatty acids profile, and microminerals content in liver and bone of lambs

To assess the effect of dietary supplement levels of chromium-yeast (Cr-yeast) on growth performance, blood glucose and triglycerides, fatty acid (FA) profile in intramuscular fat, carcase and meat traits, iron, copper, chromium and zinc concentrations in liver and bone, 24 Rambouillet male lambs (29.2 ± 0.17 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to four diets with 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6mg Cr/kg DM. The growth performance trial lasted 49 d. Supplemental Cryeast did not affect growth performance and carcase characteristics (p>.05), but reduced (p<.05) perirenal and intramuscular fat, as well as 3 h post-feeding blood glucose and triglycerides concentration. In liver, Fe and Cu concentration decreased (p<.05), while Cr concentrations in liver increased with increasing Cr-yeast dietary levels. In bone, Fe decreased (p<.05) as Cryeast dietary levels increasing, and Cr-yeast supplementation increased Cr concentrations (p<.05). As Cr-yeast dietary level increased, palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) SFA decreased linearly (p<.05), while palmitoleic (C16:1n-7), vaccenic (C18:1n-7), linoleic (C18:2n-6) and arachidic (C20:4) unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) increased linearly (p<.01). In conclusion, Cr-yeast did not affect growth performance and carcase quality, but decreased the perirenal and intramuscular fat, blood glucose and triglyceride content, and Fe and Cu concentrations in liver as increased Cr-yeast levels in the diet. Because supplemental Cr-yeast improved index of atherogenicity and unsaturated to saturated FA ratio in muscle of lambs, it could be of human nutritional interest

State Immigrant Rights Highlights 2021: Advancing Community Health and Well-Being

This report highlights the immigrant inclusive laws enacted in 2021, as well as some pending bills and campaigns. During this time, states adopted policies improving access to health care, higher education, and professional licenses for immigrants; protecting the rights of workers and tenants; investing in access to counsel; strengthening driver and consumer privacy; and limiting local entanglement in federal immigration enforcement efforts.As Congress considers options for providing a pathway to permanent status or temporary relief to millions of immigrants in the U.S., states and localities have taken significant action to improve the lives of their community members, regardless of their immigration status. In response to effective local organizing, almost half the states adopted immigrant-inclusive laws and policies in 2021

Ileal apparent and standardized amino acid digestibility of soybean and colza meal in diets for finishing pigs

Agri-food chains generate by-products such as soybean and colza meal for animal feed. Their nutritional value is variable and should be analysed for better quality control before their inclusion in balanced diets. The objective was to determine the content and ileal apparent and standardized digestibility of protein and amino acids (AA) of soybean (PS) and colza meal (PC) as a source of protein in diets for finishing pigs. The experimental units were arranged in a 3×3 Latin square design repeated. The treatments (T) were T1: PS+corn starch, T2: PC+corn starch, and T3: corn starch (Control), which were randomly assigned to six pigs cannulated in distal ileum (PV 75±1.2 kg). The variables were contents and apparent ileal and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean and colza meal. To determine digestibility, chromic oxide was added to the diets. The protein and fat contents were higher in the soybean meal. Ash, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, phosphorus and calcium contents were higher in the colza meal. Essential amino acid content was higher in soybean meal, but methionine was higher in colza meal. Apparent ileal digestibility (DIA) of total amino acids was similar (p > 0.05) among protein ingredients; but for lysine and threonine it was higher (p ≤ 0.05) in soybean meal, except methionine. Methionine DIA was 89.78 %, 3.88 % higher (p ≤ 0.05) in colza meal. Standardized ileal digestibility (DIE) of total amino acids was similar (p > 0.05) among ingredients, but lysine and threonine were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in soybean meal. DIE was different (p ≤ 0.05) among ingredients for all amino acids except methionine. Ileal and standardized digestibility of all amino acids were higher in soybean meal, except methionine, which was higher in colza meal. The DIA of total amino acids was similar in both protein ingredients, except lysine and threonine in soybean meal and methionine in colza meal

Penile fracture in the general hospital of Mexico: prevalence and case series

Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency and a condition rarely reported in the literature. This lesion is produced by a break in the continuity of the tunica albuginea of corpora cavernosa, due to trauma to the erect penis. When the fracture occurs, patients may report a popping sound followed by severe pain, bruising, ecchymosis, and deformity. Diagnosis is based primarily on clinical history and examination; in some cases, ultrasound may be useful to confirm the diagnosis. It is a urological emergency that requires adequate and prompt attention in order to prevent serious sexual complications. Below, we present a series of 18 cases of penile fracture that were treated at the General Hospital of Mexico, with emphasis on sexual function after surgical repair

YIELD PERFORMANCE OF GROWING LAMBS FED SILAGES WITH POULTRY LITTER, PIG EXCRETA AND UREA WITH MOLASSES CANE OR A BAKERY BY-PRODUCT

Las excretas pecuarias están constituidas por fracciones de alimentos no digeridas y por otros nutrientes que se incorporan en el tubo digestivo de los animales. Su producción y acumulación es fuente de contaminación ambiental, pero también son una fuente valiosa de nitrógeno y minerales en la alimentación de rumiantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar dietas con ensilados de rastrojo de maíz, melaza de caña (MEL) y subproducto de panadería (SPP) como fuentes de carbohidratos hidrosolubles (C), mezclados con cerdaza fresca (CF), pollinaza deshidratada (PO) y urea agrícola (UR) como fuentes de nitrógeno (N), y su efecto en el crecimiento y las características de la canal de corderos. Los corderos recibieron durante 60 d dietas con 145 g PC kg-1 MS y 10 MJ EM kg-1 MS, más 400 g kg-1 (MS) de ensilado. Después, los corderos se sacrificaron para medir variables productivas y calidad de la canal. El consumo de MS (CMS) se analizó con medidas repetidas; para rendimiento, engrasamiento y morfometría se empleó el diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 3. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron con la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. Las medias de cuadrados mínimos de CMS a los 60 d no presentaron diferencias (p>0.05) entre tratamientos. Sin embargo, hubo efecto (p£0.05) de la fuente de N sobre ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) e interacción de NxC para ancho de pierna y grosor de grasa torácica. La fuente de C afectó (p£0.05) el rendimiento del perímetro de pierna, área de chuleta y profundidad de grasa subcutánea. La conformación de la canal fue inferior (p£0.05) para la combinación SPP con UR; con los otros tratamientos se obtuvieron grados de conformación de R a U. El tratamiento SPP con CF causó las mayores (p£0.05) coberturas de grasa externa, color de carne rosa claro y color de grasa crema. La conclusión es que los corderos alimentados con ensilado de CF y SPP tuvieron canales con mejor conformación y engrasamiento

Efectividad del clorhidrato de zilpaterol en la finalización de corderos: Patente vs. Genérico

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of the patent vs. generic sources of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, primary cut yields, and meat quality of lambs finished in feedlot. Thirty (30) Dorper×Pelibuey male lambs were distributed into 10 blocks, each with three lambs of similar initial live weight which were randomly assigned to the following treatments: 1) without ZH (control), 2) with patent ZH (PZH), and 3) with generic ZH (GZH). Treatment means were compared through two orthogonal contrasts: control vs. ZH (PZH+GZH) and PZH vs. GZH. ZH did not affect (P≥0.15) the productive performance, carcass weight, backfat thickness, or fat percentages (kidney-pelvic-heart, mesenteric or omental), but increased (P≤0.05) Longissimus dorsi muscle area and yields of carcass, shoulder, leg, and plain loin. As for the meat quality, ZH did not affect (P≥0.24) pH and shear force, but reduced (P<0.05) redness, yellowness, and chroma color values at 24 h post mortem, as well as the redness value (P<0.01) at 14 days of aging. With exception of carcass yield which tended (P=0.07) to increase with PZH, all measured variables were similar (P³0.14) between PZH and GZH. It has been concluded that both types of ZH at a dose of 0.10 mg per kg of live weight promote muscular hypertrophy in finishing lambs; however, this dosage is not sufficient to result in a better productive performance or carcass weight.El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el efecto de la fuente del clorhidrato de zilpaterol (CZ;  patente vs genérico) sobre el comportamiento productivo, características de la canal, rendimientos de cortes primarios y calidad de la carne de corderos finalizados en corral. Se distribuyeron 30 corderos Dorper ×Pelibuey en 10 bloques donde cada bloque tenía tres corderos de similar peso vivo inicial, los cuales se asignaron aleatoriamente a los siguientes tratamientos: 1) sin CZ (testigo), 2) con CZ de patente (CZP), y 3) con CZ genérico (CZG). Las medias de tratamientos se compararon a través de dos contrastes ortogonales: testigo vs. CZ (CZP+CZG) y CZP vs. CZG. El CZ no afectó (P≥0.15) el comportamiento productivo, peso de la canal, espesor de grasa dorsal, ni los porcentajes de grasa (riñón-corazón-pelvis, mesentérica u omental), pero aumentó (P≤0.05) el área del músculo Longissimus dorsi y los rendimientos de canal, paleta, pierna y lomo plano. En calidad de la carne, el CZ no afectó (P≥0.24) el pH y esfuerzo al corte, pero redujo (P<0.05) los valores de color rojizo, amarillento y chroma a las 24 h post mortem, y también los valores de rojizo (P<0.01) a los 14 días de maduración. Con excepción del rendimiento en canal que tendió (P=0.07) a ser mayor con CZP, todas las variables medidas fueron similares (P³0.14) entre CZP y CZG. Se concluye que ambos tipos de CZ a una dosis de 0.10 mg/kg de peso vivo promueven hipertrofia muscular en corderos de finalización, pero no es suficiente para reflejarse en mejor comportamiento productivo y peso de la canal

Desigualdades en el deporte femenil latinoamericano: revisión sistemática de barreras y oportunidades

A systematic review was conducted on inequalities in women's sports in Latin America. Using key terms such as Sports Development - Female, Sports - Female - Latin America - Inequality, Equality - Sports - Women, female athletes - gender - equality and equity - sports development - female, discrimination - sports - Latin America, and using Boolean AND, searches were carried out in various databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Eric, Pubmed, Latindex, and Ssoar. The inclusion criteria used were articles on gender equality and equity towards female athletes in Latin America, regardless of the methodology used, with a publication period from 2015 to date, and in Spanish and English. A total of 127 documents were found, of which only 6 articles were used for the review. The results showed inequalities towards Latin American female athletes, the lack of adequate facilities, and insufficient government support.Se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre las desigualdades en el deporte femenino en Latinoamérica. Utilizando términos clave como Desarrollo deportivo- Femenil, Sports-female-Latin América-Inequality, Equality-Sports-Women, mujeres deportistas- género-igualdad y equidad-desarrollo-deportivo-femenil, discriminación-deporte-Latinoamérica, y utilizando en booleano AND, se llevaron a cabo una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos como Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, Eric, Pubmed, Latindex y Ssoar. Los criterios de inclusión utilizados fueron, artículos sobre la igualdad y equidad de género hacia las mujeres deportistas en Latinoamérica, independientemente de la metodología utilizada, con período de publicación comprendido entre 2015 a la fecha, y en idioma espalo e inglés. Se encontraron en total 127 documentos, de los cuales se utilizaron solo 6 artículos para la revisión. Los resultados mostraron desigualdades hacia las deportistas latinoamericanas, la falta de instalaciones adecuadas y el apoyo insuficiente de parte del gobierno. Esta revisión destaca la urgente necesidad de abordar los desafíos de género en el deporte latinoamericano

Dieta de herbívoros: técnica, importancia e implicaciones en el manejo de fauna silvestre

Objective: To review the contributions and implications of the microhistological technique in the management of wild herbivores and to provide recommendations for diet studies. Design/methodology/approach: A meta-analysis was carried out on diet subjects in wild cervids and bovines in North America, in order to know the approaches of diet studies in the management of these species. These works are described and discussed and recommendations are given to adequately perform the microhistological technique. Results: The microhistological technique is a fundamental tool in diet studies in wild herbivores. It has been used to evaluate the carrying capacity of species of hunting interest such as bighorn sheep. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a method of thinning has been questioned, however, it allows to identify cell structures efficiently, as long as the thinning time is not excessive. Dietary studies should be accompanied by an evaluation of forage availability. The stool collection must take place at least during the four seasons of the year and the number of samples must not be less than 50 samples per season. Limitations of the study/implications: The use of the microhistological technique assumes that all plant species have the same percentage of digestibility. However, it allows to determine the diet in fecal samples, which is indispensable in evaluations of carrying capacity for wild herbivores. Findings/Conclusions: The microhistological technique in the study of bighorn sheep using sodium hypochlorite has been an adequate method of thinning plant samples, to determine the availability of forage and in the determination of the diet are two aspects intimately linked for evaluations of habitat of this wild herbivore.Objetivo: Revisar los aportes e implicaciones de la técnica microhistológica en el manejo de herbívoros silvestres y brindar recomendaciones para realizar estudios de dieta. &nbsp; Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se realizó un meta-análisis en temas de dieta en cérvidos y bóvidos silvestres en Norteamérica, con la finalidad de conocer los enfoques de los estudios sobre dieta en el manejo de estas especies. Se describen estos trabajos, discuten, y brindan recomendaciones para realizar adecuadamente la técnica microhistológica. Resultados: La técnica microhistológica es una herramienta fundamental en estudios de dieta en herbívoros silvestres. Ha sido utilizada para evaluar la capacidad de carga de especies de interés cinegético como el borrego cimarrón. El uso de hipoclorito de sodio como método de aclareo ha sido cuestionado; sin embargo, permite identificar las estructuras celulares eficazmente, siempre y cuando el tiempo de aclareo no sea excesivo. Los estudios de dieta deben estar acompañados de una evaluación de disponibilidad de forraje. La recolecta de heces debe realizarse al menos durante las cuatro estaciones del año y número de muestras debe ser superior a 50 por estación. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El uso de la técnica microhistológica asume que todas las especies vegetales tienen el mismo porcentaje de digestibilidad. Permite determinar la dieta en muestras fecales, lo cual es indispensable en evaluaciones de capacidad de carga para herbívoros silvestres. Hallazgos/conclusiones: La técnica microhistológica en el estudio del borrego cimarrón usando el hipoclorito de sodio ha resultado un adecuado método de aclareo de muestras vegetales y determinar la disponibilidad de forraje y con ello definir la dieta, aspectos íntimamente ligados para evaluaciones de hábitat de este herbívoro silvestre