A multidimensional review of the cash management problem

In this paper, we summarize and analyze the relevant research on the cash management problem appearing in the literature. First, we identify the main dimensions of the cash management problem. Next, we review the most relevant contributions in this field and present a multidimensional analysis of these contributions, according to the dimensions of the problem. From this analysis, several open research questions are highlighted

Useful Life of Prescribed Fires in a Southern Mediterranean Basin: An Application to Pinus pinaster Stands in the Sierra Morena Range

Prescribed fire is a globally relevant fuel treatment for surface fuel management and wildfire hazard reduction. However, Mediterranean ecosystems are adapted to low and moderate fires; hence, the useful life of prescribed fires is limited. Useful life is defined as the effective rotation length of prescribed fires to mitigate fire spread based on critical surface intensity for crown combustion. In this sense, the useful life of a prescribed fire focuses on surface fuel dynamics and its potential fire behavior. In Pinus pinaster stands, the useful life can be established between 0 and 4 years. Canopy base height, time elapsed from the burning, postfire precipitation, and fine fuel moisture content during the burning were identified as the most important variables in postburn fuel dynamics. Other stand characteristics and postfire precipitation can improve the fine fuel and live fuel dynamics models. Our findings support prescribed fires as an effective fuel treatment in the medium term for forest fire prevention, according to stand characteristics and burning implementation conditions. In this sense, forest managers can use the proposed decision tree to identify the useful life of each prescribed fire based on fine fuel moisture content during burning implementation

Shared value economics: an axiomatic approach

The concept of shared value was introduced by Porter and Kramer as a new conception of capitalism. Shared value describes the strategy of organizations that simultaneously enhance their competitiveness and the social conditions of related stakeholders such as employees, suppliers and the natural environment. The idea has generated strong interest, but also some controversy due to a lack of a precise definition, measurement techniques and difficulties to connect theory to practice. We overcome these drawbacks by proposing an economic framework based on three key aspects: coalition formation, sustainability and consistency, meaning that conclusions can be tested by means of logical deductions and empirical applications. The presence of multiple agents to create shared value and the optimization of both social and economic criteria in decision making represent the core of our quantitative definition of shared value. We also show how economic models can be characterized as shared value models by means of logical deductions. Summarizing, our proposal builds on the foundations of shared value to improve its understanding and to facilitate the suggestion of economic hypotheses, hence accommodating the concept of shared value within modern economic theory.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure

A general approach for computing a consensus in group decision making that integrates multiple ethical principles

[EN] We tackle the problem of computing a consensus according to multiple ethical principles - which can include, for example, the principle of maximum freedom associated with the Benthamite doctrine and the principle of maximum fairness associated with the Rawlsian principles - among the preferences of different individuals in the context of Group Decision-Making (GDM). More formally, we put forward a novel formalisation of the above-mentioned problem based on a multi-lp-norm approximation problem that aims at minimising multiple p-metric distance functions, where each parameter p represents a given ethical principle. Our contribution incurs obvious benefits from a social-choice perspective. Firstly, our approach significantly generalises stateof-the-art approaches that were limited to only two ethical principles (p = 1, for maximum freedom, and p = & INFIN;, for maximum fairness). Secondly, our experimental results considering an established test case demonstrate that our approach is capable, thanks to a novel re-weighting scheme, to compute a multi-norm consensus that takes into account each ethical principle in a balanced way, in contrast with state-of-the-art approaches that were heavily biased towards the p =1 ethical principle.Research supported by projects: CI-SUSTAIN, Spain (PID2019-104156GB-I00) ; TAILOR, Spain (H2020-952215) ; 2021 SGR 00754 funded by Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; VAE TED2021-131295B-C31, funded by MCIN/AEI, Spain/10.13 039/501100011033 and NextGenerationEU/PRTR, Spain; and VALAWAI, Spain (Horizon Europe #101070930) . Funding for open access charge: CRUE-Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Salas-Molina, F.; Bistaffa, F.; Rodríguez-Aguilar, JA. (2023). A general approach for computing a consensus in group decision making that integrates multiple ethical principles. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences. 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.1016948

Fire ignition patterns to manage prescribed fire behavior: Application to Mediterranean pine forests

Climate change and the accumulation of surface fuel are leading to global changes in the occurrence of increasingly severe fires. In light of current budgetary constraints, prescribed fire can be a very cost-efficient tool for both reducing wildfire hazards and managing fire-prone landscapes. However, despite its widespread use in some countries, social and administrative constraints arise when applied at the European or larger scales. Science-based knowledge concerning fire behavior, fuel load reduction, and tree impacts is required to support the use of prescribed fire. Spatial ignition patterns can increase or decrease the spread rate, flame length, and flame residence time according to the objectives of a prescribed fire. This work aims to analyze fire behavior using different fire ignition patterns (strip-heading fire, flanking fire, and spot-heading fire) and meteorological and fuel conditions. Seventy-seven observations or sampling units using twenty-three prescribed fires were established for fire monitoring. Non-linear models based on environmental variables were fitted for the spread rate and flame length. Our study proposes a novel way of sharing scientific knowledge in relation to the most common distances between ignition lines and ignition points used in the southern Iberian Peninsula. The spread rate and flame length can be increased in strip-heading fire, by more than 3.5-fold and more than 1.95-fold, respectively, by modifying only the distance between ignition lines. Flanking fire could lead to a decrease in the spread rate by approximately half. Although spot-heading fire can reduce the spread rate by more than 78% and flame length by more than 41%, the highest distances between points could increase the flame residence time by 39–132%. This research seeks to achieve a trade-off between fire intensity and the impacts of fire on trees, soil, and surface roots

Recursos gráficos para el posicionamiento SIG y análisis de la fortificación del siglo XX. Búnkeres en el entorno del peñón de Gibraltar

[EN] At the end of the Spanish Civil War, a fortification system was built along the northern shore of the Strait of Gibraltar. Its components include a network of bunkers to defend the coast, which is of enormous historical interest as another link in the evolutionary chain of fortification. However, in spite of institutional protection, the heritage value of these bunkers is still a subject of debate and today they remain ignored and abandoned to their fate. To raise awareness and contribute to the knowledge about these elements, we have devised a strategy based on the use of different graphic resources and documents discovered in military archives: georeferencing of the location and identification plans of the bunkers to draw up an inventory using geographic information systems; and an architectural analysis of the original floor plans and crosssections, as well as the creation of various 3D surveys.[ES] Tras finalizar la guerra civil española se procedió al establecimiento de un sistema fortificado en la orilla Norte del Estrecho de Gibraltar. De entre sus componentes, destaca la red de búnkeres o fortines para la defensa del litoral, con enorme interés histórico como un eslabón más de la cadena evolutiva de la fortificación. A pesar de contar con tutela institucional, su valor patrimonial aún es objeto de debate, y los búnkeres permanecen ignorados y abandonados a su suerte.Para visibilizar estos elementos y profundizar en su conocimiento, se plantea una estrategia fundamentada en la utilización de diversos recursos gráficos, aprovechando la documentación encontrada en los archivos militares: georreferenciación de los planos de situación e identificación de los fortines para su inventariado, a través de Sistemas de Información Geográfica; y análisis arquitectónico a partir de los planos originales de planta y sección, así como de diversos levantamientos tridimensionales.Proyecto I+D+i HAR2016-78113-R del Programa Nacional de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y fondos FEDERAtanasio Guisado, A.; Arévalo Rodríguez, F.; Molina Rozalem, JF. (2020). Graphic resources for the GIS positioning and analysis of 20th-century fortification: bunkers in the vicinity of the rock of Gibraltar. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 25(40):134-145. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2020.13698OJS134145254

Potential Effects of Climate Change on Fire Behavior, Economic Susceptibility and Suppression Costs in Mediterranean Ecosystems: Córdoba Province, Spain

The potentially large ecological, economic, and societal impacts of climate change makes it a significant problem of the 21st century. These consequences have led to tremendous development in climate change scenarios and new technologies to increase knowledge on the effect and efficiency of mitigation and adaptation measures. Large fires will occur at a higher rate than currently because of lower fuel moisture content resulting in a lower resistance to burning. This is also evidenced by more extreme fire behavior that contributes to higher economic impacts, suppression difficulties and suppression costs. The economic susceptibility concept integrates a set of economic valuation approaches for valuing timber and non-timber resources, considering the fire behavior, and as a consequence, the net value changes for each resource. Flame length increased by 4.6% to 15.69%, according to the different future climate scenarios. Climate change is expected to cause widespread changes to economic susceptibility and suppression costs because of higher flame length and fire intensity. Therefore, our outcomes show an increase in the economic susceptibility of Córdoba Province in the medium and long term (2041–2070) between 6.05% and 25.99%, respectively. In addition, we have found an increase between 65.67% and 86.73% in suppression costs in the last decade. The digital version of the economic susceptibility model using Geographic Information Systems improves its operational capabilities enhancing also its dynamism and simplicity to accept modifications and predictions revisions

Graphic Sources as the Sole Testament to Forgotten Architectural Heritage: Border Architecture in the Kingdom of Seville in the Late Middle Ages

[EN] During the first half of the 14th century, the council of Seville, supported by the Castilian monarchy and the local nobility, responded to the fear of a new invasion from North Africa by embarking on a defence programme that required unprecedented logistical efforts, far beyond the resources available at the time. This programme consisted in building a defensive system across the south of the territory, the so-called “Moorish strip”, which included at least 40 defensive towers and small fortifications situated in strategic, visually connected positions. Their aim was to neutralise the Nasrid raids in this border area. Very few of these towers remain intact today, most of them having fallen into an advanced state of decay or having disappeared completely. Since they were abandoned at the end of the Granada War, very little documentation has survived and in some cases all that we have today is a handful of drawings, engravings by travellers and postcards. However, the analysis of this graphic documentation is an efficient method for acquiring knowledge about this heritage.[ES] Durante la primera mitad del siglo XIV, el concejo de Sevilla, apoyado por la monarquía, la nobleza local y empujado por el temor a una nueva invasión norteafricana, se involucra en un programa de construcción defensiva que requirió un gran esfuerzo logístico para los medios disponibles en la época. Este programa consistió en la construcción de una red defensiva, al sur del territorio que controlaba, la llamada "banda  morisca", que incluía al menos cuarenta torres defensivas y pequeñas fortificaciones ubicadas en posiciones estratégicas y comunicadas visualmente, cuyo objetivo era neutralizar las razias nazaríes en esta zona fronteriza. De esas torres apenas algunas se mantienen íntegras, la mayoría están en ruina progresiva o han desaparecido. Abandonadas al finalizar la guerra de Granada la documentación existente es muy escasa y en algunos casos se reduce a dibujos, grabados de viajeros y postales fotográficas. El análisis de esa documentación gráfica es una vía adecuada para el conocimiento de ese patrimonio.Proyecto de investigación I+D+i “Tutela sostenible del patrimonio cultural a través de modelos digitales BIM y SIG. Contribución al conocimiento e innovación social". HAR2016-78113-RMolina Rozalem, JF.; Arévalo Rodríguez, F.; Atanasio Guisado, A. (2021). Las fuentes gráficas como único testimonio del patrimonio arquitectónico olvidado. La arquitectura fronteriza del reino de Sevilla en la Baja Edad Media. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 26(41):92-101. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2021.14625OJS921012641BEJINES RODRÍGUEZ, F. (2011). "El castillo y casa-palacio del señorío de Los Palacios del Atalayuela: aproximación patrimonial al origen de Los Palacios y Villafranca (Sevilla)". Archivo hispalense: Revista histórica, literaria y artística, Tomo 94, pp. 245-261.BRAUN, GEORG Y HOGENBERGIUS, FRANZ. (2008). Cities of the world: Civitatesorbisterrarum: Edición completa de láminas a color entre 1572-1617. Hong Kong: Taschen.CLAVIJO PROVENCIO, R. Y PUERTO CASTRILLÓN, C.(2003). "Viaje al mundo de la investigación. Sobre una colección de dibujos del siglo XVIII de la Biblioteca Municipal Central de Jerez (Catálogo)". Revista Historia de Jerez, nº9. p 209.GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ, M. (2005). La campiña sevillana y la frontera de Granada (Siglos XIII-XV): estudios sobre poblaciones de la Banda Morisca. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla.GUTIERREZ, BARTOLOME (1701-1758).Historia del estado presente y antiguo, de la mui noble y mui leal ciudad de Xerez de la Frontera... Jerez de la Frontera: Tip. á cargo de Melchor García Ruiz ..., pp. 1886-87.HERNÁNDEZ DÍAZ, J; SANCHO CORBACHO, A; COLLANTES DE TERÁN, F. (1943). Catálogo arqueológico y artístico de la provincia de Sevilla. Tomo II. Sevilla: Diputación de Sevilla.KAGAN, RICHARD L. (2008). Ciudades del Siglo de Oro: las vistas españolas de Anton van den Wyngaerde. Madrid: El Viso.KIRSCHBERG SCHENCK, D. Y FERNÁNDEZ GÓMEZ, M. (2002). El Concejo de Sevilla en la Edad Media (1248-1454): organización institucional y fuentes documentales. Sevilla: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Servicio de Publicaciones.MARTÍNEZ DE AGUIRRE, J. (1991): 31."Notas sobre las empresas constructivas y artísticas del Concejo de Sevilla en la Baja Edad Media: 1370-1430". Laboratorio de Arte: Revista del Departamento de Historia del Arte, 4. pp. 11-31.MOLINA ROZALEM, J.F. Y ARÉVALO RODRÍGUEZ, F. (2014). "Análisis de las torres construidas por el concejo de Sevilla para la defensa de la Banda Morisca". Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (EGA), 24. pp. 164-175. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2014.182

Empirical analysis of daily cash flow time series and its implications for forecasting

Usual assumptions on the statistical properties of daily net cash flows include normality,absence of correlation and stationarity. We provide a comprehensive study based on a real-world cash flow data set showing that: (i) the usual assumption of normality, absence of correlation and stationarity hardly appear; (ii) non-linearity is often relevant for forecasting; and (iii) typical data transformations have little impact on linearity and normality. This evidence may lead to consider a more data-driven approach such as time-series forecasting in an attempt to provide cash managers with expert systems in cash management

Analysis of the towers built by the Council of Seville for the defensive of the moorish banda

[EN] The conquest of Seville in 1248 gave rise to the appearance of a border with the Moorish kingdom of Granada, known as the Moorish Strip, that was to survive for two and a half centuries. The defence of this border based a great part of its success on the geographical relief separating the valley of the Guadalquivir from eastern Andalusia, and was structured with bases in principal cities and a network of fortifications that covered a visually connected mesh of towers to guard against assault. Their construction and maintenance was the responsibility of the Council of Seville and the military orders. A methodology 1for analysis is established using surveys, photography, the materiality of the masonry and documentary research, to identify a common typology found in the towers constructed by the Council, with a “standard” design and structures which were innovative for that time[ES] La conquista de Sevilla en 1248 supuso la aparición de una frontera con el reino nazarí de Granada que subsistirá durante dos siglos y medio, la conocida como Banda Morisca. La defensa de esta frontera, que basaba gran parte de su éxito en el relieve que separa el valle del Guadalquivir y las provincias orientales de Andalucía, se estructuraba en ciudades principales y en una red de fortificaciones que tupían una malla de torres con comunicación visual entre ellas para alertar en caso de asaltos. Su construcción y mantenimiento corrió a cargo del concejo de Sevilla y de las órdenes militares. Se establece una metodología 1 de análisis a partir del levantamiento, la fotografía, la materialidad de las fábricas y de la búsqueda documental, descubriendo la existencia de una tipología común a las torres construidas por el concejo de Sevilla, con un diseño “normalizado” y con novedosas estructuras para la épocaEsta investigación desarrolla una metodología aplicada que forma parte de los objetivos del proyecto I+D+I denominado “Un modelo digital de información para el conocimiento y gestión de bienes inmuebles del patrimonio cultural” (ref. HAR2012-34571-MODIGCONPA), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Los autores se hallan en el Grupo HUM-799 (Estrategias de Conocimiento patrimonial). Federico Arévalo Rodríguez pertenece al Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Universidad de Sevilla.Molina Rozalem, JF.; Arévalo Rodríguez, F. (2014). Análisis de las torres construidas por el concejo de Sevilla para la defensa de la banda morisca. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 19(24):164-175. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2014.18221641751924– PINTO PUERTO, F. 2001. Las Esferas de Piedra. Diputación de Sevilla. Servicio de Publicaciones