Diagnóstico participativo de necesidades de formación técnica, científica y tecnológica de los distritos de frailes, San Cristóbal y el Rosario del cantón de Desamparados, 2008.

Proyecto de Investigación. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Ciencias Sociales; Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Estadística, 2008.Este documento sistematiza el proceso de una Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), realizado con metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, sobre las necesidades de formación técnica, científica y tecnológica en los distritos de Frailes, San Cristóbal y El Rosario del Cantón de Desamparados y su relación con los principales factores condicionantes de su desarrollo e impacto sociocultural, económico y ambiental, 2008. Asimismo, con el propósito de coadyuvar en el desarrollo humano sostenible en el ámbito local, explica la participación sociocultural, considerando la construcción de redes de organización, poder, innovación productiva y ambiental; analiza el perfil académico y las demandas de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas de formación técnica, científica y tecnológica; propone un sistema de información de la educación sobre la calidad, cobertura y equidad, pertinencia e impacto, ciencia, tecnología e innovación; finalmente, explica la participación productiva y laboral, considerando el perfil académico-laboral.This paper presents a Participative – Active - Research (PAR) process on technical, scientific and technologic required knowledge in Frailes, San Cristobal and El Rosario districts, Canton of Desamparados, done with qualitative and quantitative methodology, and its relation with the principal conditionings factors of their development and social, cultural, economic and environmental impact, 2008. Likewise, with the aim of help in the human sustainable development en local ambit, explains the social and cultural participation, considering the construction of nets of organization, power, productive and environmental innovation; analyses the academic profile and demanded knowledge, abilities and skills on technical, scientific and technologic formation; proposes an information system of education with indicators to measure quality, covering and equality, pertinence and impact, science, technology and innovation; finally, explains productive and work participation, considering the academic and work profile.Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Universidad de Costa Rica

Spatiotemporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in an apex predator: Influence of government regulations and farming practices

Background: Intensification of agricultural practices has caused several negative effects to the environment. The use of fertilizers and pesticides may alter geochemical cycles or cause direct wildlife intoxication. Detrimental effects of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have forced the authorities to ban or restrict its use. This study evaluates the variation in levels of OCPs in a sentinel species in relation to changes in government regulations and the spatial configuration of agricultural practices around the nests. Methods: Between 2003 and 2007, we analysed OCP levels in 256 blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) chicks nesting in area of intensive commercial agriculture with historical frequent use of pesticides, in South-eastern Spain. We studied year-to-year variations in OCP concentrations and their relation with land use configuration around raptor nests by Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). Results: OCPs were detected in 100% samples surveyed in 2003 and 2004, while dropped to 27% in 2005, 6.8% in 2006 and 6.3% in 2007, coinciding with the ban of OCPs. The presence of the main OCPs was related to agricultural practices. In particular, endosulfan and lindane were related to irrigated crops and urban areas, while DDT-related compounds and dieldrin were associated with dry land farming. Conclusions: OCP concentrations in blood samples of Eurasian Eagle-owls may respond quickly to the implementations of new regulations about the use of agricultural products. This raptor was confirmed as a good sentinel species allowing rapid detection of changes in pesticides use

Cytotoxic Acetogenins from the Roots of Annona purpurea

Annona purpurea, known in Mexico as "cabeza de negro" or "ilama", belongs to the Annonaceae family. Its roots are employed in folk medicine in several regions of Mexico. Taking that information into account, a chemical and biological analysis of the components present in the roots of this species was proposed. Our results demonstrated that the dichloromethane (DCM) extract was exclusively constituted by a mixture of five new acetogenins named annopurpuricins A-E (1-5). These compounds have an aliphatic chain of 37 carbons with a terminal \u3b1,\u3b2 unsaturated \u3b3-lactone. Compounds 1 and 2 belong to the adjacent bis-THF (tetrahydrofuran) \u3b1-monohydroxylated type, while compounds 3 and 4 belong to the adjacent bis-THF \u3b1,\u3b1'-dihydroxylated type; only compound 5 possesses a bis-epoxide system. Complete structure analysis was carried out by spectroscopy and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on three human tumor cell lines (MSTO-211H, HeLa and HepG2). Compounds 1-4 inhibited significantly the growth of HeLa and HepG2 cells, showing GI50 values in the low/subnanomolar range, while 5 was completely ineffective under the tested conditions. The investigation of the mechanism of action responsible for cytotoxicity revealed for the most interesting compound 1 the ability to block the complex I activity on isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM)

A database of freshwater fish species of the Amazon Basin

The Amazon Basin is an unquestionable biodiversity hotspot, containing the highest freshwater biodiversity on earth and facing off a recent increase in anthropogenic threats. The current knowledge on the spatial distribution of the freshwater fish species is greatly deficient in this basin, preventing a comprehensive understanding of this hyper-diverse ecosystem as a whole. Filling this gap was the priority of a transnational collaborative project, i.e. the AmazonFish project - https://www.amazon-fish.com/. Relying on the outputs of this project, we provide the most complete fish species distribution records covering the whole Amazon drainage. The database, including 2,406 validated freshwater native fish species, 232,936 georeferenced records, results from an extensive survey of species distribution including 590 different sources (e.g. published articles, grey literature, online biodiversity databases and scientific collections from museums and universities worldwide) and field expeditions conducted during the project. This database, delivered at both georeferenced localities (21,500 localities) and sub-drainages grains (144 units), represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater fish biodiversity, biogeography and conservation

Going to a psychologist : a psychosocial approach to psychotherapy's legitimation

Esta investigación estudia la manera en que la psicoterapia, entendida como un dispositivo clínico, está inscrita en un contexto social, cuyos significados y sentidos lo validan y legitiman. Desde un abordaje psicosocial y a partir de entrevistas a profundidad, se analizaron las narrativas de siete consultantes sobre su experiencia. Se encontró la forma en que los marcos de sentido operan sobre las expectativas y la legitimación de la psicoterapia desde antes de que los consultantes ingresen a ella, así como la manera en que son actualizadas a partir de su experiencia. Se concluye que la psicoterapia está inscrita en un campo social en el cual circulan significados que la dotan de sentido y cuya comprensión permite dar cuenta de la forma en la que se legitima socialmente, así como que los consultantes son agentes en la configuración de los sentidos y las nociones sociales sobre el dispositivo clínico.This research studies the way in which psychotherapy, understood as a clinical dispositif, is inscribed inside a social context, which has values and meanings which validate and legitimate it. From a psychosocial perspective, and through in depth interviews, the narrative of seven subjects about their experiences in psychotherapy was analysed. It was found that frames of meaning operate in the expectations and the legitimation of psychotherapy since before people seeking treatment experience it, as well as the way they are actualized through the experience in itself. It is concluded that psychotherapy is inscribed in a social structure in which meanings about it circulate, giving it sense. When comprehended, this meanings allow to understand how it is legitimised socially, as well as the fact that subjects have agency in the configuration of the meanings and social notions about the clinical dispositif.Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

Crystal Structure and Supramolecular Architecture of Antiallergic Diphenylene Diethyl Dioxalamates

The crystal structure and the supramolecular architectures of the antiallergic compounds N,N′-(4,4′-methanediyl-di-phenyl)-bis-diethyl dioxalamate (1); N′,N′-(4,4′-oxydi-p-phenylene)-bis-diethyl dioxalamate (2); N,N′-(4,4′-biphenylene)-bis- diethyl dioxalamate (3) are reported. The supramolecular self-assembly in 1-3 is driven by N-H···O=C hydrogen bonds and reinforced by C-H···O=C, C-H···π and C=O···C=O interactions. The three compounds preferred to form cross-linked supramolecular architectures. Intermolecular interactions also were studied by the Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing that the H···H, O···H, and C···H are the more dominant contacts in the three compounds. The knowledge of crystal structure will allow us to perform theoretical studies to evaluate the antiallergic activity of compounds 1-3

Diagnóstico participativo de necesidades de formación técnica, científica y tecnológica de los distritos de frailes, San Cristóbal y el Rosario del cantón de Desamparados, 2008.

Proyecto de Investigación. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Escuela de Ciencias Sociales; Universidad de Costa Rica. Escuela de Estadística, 2008.Este documento sistematiza el proceso de una Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), realizado con metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, sobre las necesidades de formación técnica, científica y tecnológica en los distritos de Frailes, San Cristóbal y El Rosario del Cantón de Desamparados y su relación con los principales factores condicionantes de su desarrollo e impacto sociocultural, económico y ambiental, 2008. Asimismo, con el propósito de coadyuvar en el desarrollo humano sostenible en el ámbito local, explica la participación sociocultural, considerando la construcción de redes de organización, poder, innovación productiva y ambiental; analiza el perfil académico y las demandas de conocimientos, habilidades y destrezas de formación técnica, científica y tecnológica; propone un sistema de información de la educación sobre la calidad, cobertura y equidad, pertinencia e impacto, ciencia, tecnología e innovación; finalmente, explica la participación productiva y laboral, considerando el perfil académico-laboral.This paper presents a Participative – Active - Research (PAR) process on technical, scientific and technologic required knowledge in Frailes, San Cristobal and El Rosario districts, Canton of Desamparados, done with qualitative and quantitative methodology, and its relation with the principal conditionings factors of their development and social, cultural, economic and environmental impact, 2008. Likewise, with the aim of help in the human sustainable development en local ambit, explains the social and cultural participation, considering the construction of nets of organization, power, productive and environmental innovation; analyses the academic profile and demanded knowledge, abilities and skills on technical, scientific and technologic formation; proposes an information system of education with indicators to measure quality, covering and equality, pertinence and impact, science, technology and innovation; finally, explains productive and work participation, considering the academic and work profile.Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Universidad de Costa Rica

The genomic landscape of Mexican Indigenous populations brings insights into the peopling of the Americas

Indigenous populations, including in those in Mexico are underrepresented in genetic studies. Here, the authors perform a population genetics study of indigenous peoples in Mexico to explore demographic histories of the region in the context of geography and cultural influences